• 4/17 Focus:4/17 Focus: – Europeans, seeking a greater share of the

rich Asian spice trade, began to make oceanic voyages of exploration in the 1400’s

• Important Terms:Important Terms:– Cartography

• Do Now:Do Now: –What impact did the Ottomans have on

European trade with Asia

The Age of ExplorationThe Age of Exploration

Early Voyages of Early Voyages of ExplorationExploration

• Factors that increased European interests in trade with Asia – Crusades – Pax Mongolia –Marco Polo’s travels

• European trade with Asia had been disrupted by Ottomans control of E. Mediterranean – Byzantine falls – Constantinople

becomes Istanbul

•

• Italian and Muslim merchants controlled trade routes to Asia– Acted as a

middleman between W. Europe and Asia • Muslim traders

brought the goods to the Mediterranean

• Italian traders brought the goods to Europe

• Increased prices of goods

• Europeans wanted to gain direct access to trade with Asia – Began seeking

ocean routes to Asia

• Some Europeans motivated by desire to spread Christianity

• Others by adventure and Glory

• The renaissance led to new developments in technology and scientific knowledge – The Printing Press • Gutenberg developed

moveable type printing press • Increased the spread of

ideas and information–Geography

• Mapmaking and Navigation– Compass – Astrolabe and Sextant• Instruments which helped sailors

navigate the seas– Improvements in cartography• Use of lines of latitude• Maps showing ocean currents

Astrolabe(1532)

Mariner’s Compass

Sextant

• Improvements in shipbuilding – Advances in shipbuilding

lead to the creation of ships that could sail long distances• Learned shipbuilding

techniques from Arabs– Stern rudders– Triangular sails

• The Caravel – ship developed

by the Portuguese

– Faster and capable of holding more cargo

– Could sail in shallow water • Allowed for the

exploration of coastlines and inlets

• Identify one factor that increased Europe’s interest in trade with Asia?

• Why did Europeans begin searching for a sea route to Asia?

• Identify one technological development that allowed the Europeans to begin searching for sea routes to Asia?

•

• Two western European nations that led early attempts at exploration in Europe

• located on the Iberian Peninsula– Looked to the Atlantic

for trade routes to Asia

• Portuguese prince who established a school for sailors in Portugal in 1419– School was responsible for

the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with Africa and Asia• Portugal becomes a leader in

this area

– Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of West Africa

• Portuguese sailor who sailed around the tip of Africa in 1487– The Cape of Good

Hope

• Portuguese sailor who traveled around Africa to Calcutta, India in 1498

• Campaign by Christians to recapture Spain from Muslim rule – Spain and Portugal

Conquered by Muslim invaders in 8th century

• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella take the last Muslim province in Spain (1492)

• Began Spanish inquisition to create religious unity

• Financed voyages to find new routes to Asia

• Venetian sailor working for Spain crosses the Atlantic with three ships and discovers the “New World”– Believed Asia could be

reached by sailing west from Spain• Believed it was about 2,000

miles from Spain • Estimated it to be a 2month

journey– Left Lisbon, Spain on August

3,1492– Lands on a small island in the

Bahamas on October 12,1492• Names the island San Salvador

• Vikings had sailed west to North America several centuries before Columbus

• Leif Ericksson explored a area west of Greenland that Vikings called Vinland– Historians believe that

Vinland was North America• Archaeologists have found

Viking settlements in Newfoundland

• Portuguese sailor who found South America – Had been

attempting to sail around Africa

– Sailed too far west and landed the coast of modern day Brazil

• Portuguese sailor who became the first person to circumnavigate the globe – Sail completely around the world

• Spain and Portugal both claimed the Americas

• Pope Alexander VI divided the non European world between Spain and Portugal – Line of Demarcation

• West went Spain• East went to Portugal

• Identify one reason why Spain and Portugal came to dominate exploration in the Atlantic?

• What is the significance of Vasco de Gama’s voyages of exploration?