4 Form Style

7/31/2019 4 Form Style

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Chapter 4:Musical Form

and Musical

Style


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Key Terms

form

outer form inner form

genre

style

repetition

contrast return

variation

form


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Form in Music

the overall shape of a musical work

the arrangement, relationship, ororganization of musical elements

can range from clear-cut to gradualand organic

helps shape our emotionalresponse


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Kinds of Relationships

repetition (a a)

contrast (a b) variation (a a)

contrast and return (a b a)


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Repetition (a a)

parallelism

restatement of a phrase, theme, orsection

feels reassuring but lacks

excitement


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Contrast (a b)

b = new phrase or section

can have subtle connections to a

can be entirely new

provides excitement but feels

unstable, incomplete


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Variation (a a)

a is restated with one or moreelements altered

simultaneous repetition and

contrast

can change or transform the mood


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Contrast and Return (a b a)

original material restated after

contrasting material

provides unity and variety

combines excitement with stability


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Listening Exercises

repetition?

contrast?

variation?

contrast and return?


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Form as a StandardizedPattern

strophic form (A A A)

ternary form (A B A

)

fugue

baroque dance form (a a b b)

sonata form


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A B A Form

statement, contrast, return

nesting can create more

complicated forms:

A = a b a

B = c d c A = a b a


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Outer vs. Inner Form

outer form

standard pattern outlining a works overall

shape reassuring, satisfying, easy to follow

inner form

the content of each section

the moment-to-moment inner workings

the feel of contrasting material


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Inner Form

take any work in A B A form In what mode or key is each section?

What elements create contrast in B?

What feeling does the return convey?

take any other work in A B A form The answers will be different!

same outer form, different inner form


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Listening to Inner Forms

Describe the A section.

Describe the B section.

How does B contrast with A? How literal is the return ofA?

Musorgsky, The Great Gate at Kiev CD 4Brahms, Violin Concerto in D, III CD 5


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Listening to Inner Forms

Musorgsky grand, triumphant,

full orchestra

subdued, hymnlike,woodwinds

soft vs. loud, minorvs. major

shorter, melody inlower register, newcountermelody

Brahms lively, dancelike,

violin vs. orchestra

emphatic, loudpassage, new keys

stability vs. tension,lilting vs. forceful

shortened, endsdifferently


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Musical Genres

categories or types of compositions

can be defined by

performing forces

function or purpose

text


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Examples of Genres

concerto

mass

oratorio symphony

sonata

string quartet song cycle

opera


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Genre vs. Form

genre: defined by broadest features

(performers, function, text)

poetry is a genre

form: defined by internal sections

and their interrelationships haiku, sonnet, and limerick are forms


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Genre vs. Form

the symphony is a genre: large work in several movements for orchestra

written for public concerts, entertainment each movement of a symphony may use adifferent form: sonata form

theme and variations minuet

rondo


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Listening Exercises

What is the function of this music?

What are the performing forces?

What is the genre?


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Musical Style

the combination of qualities thatmake a work distinctive

the way a work combines elements melody and form

harmony and tonality

rhythm and meter

texture and tone color


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Who can have a style?

a composer

a school

a historical cultural period

a culture or nation

an entire continent


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Historical Style Periods

ancient music, before 476 C.E.

medieval, 476c. 1400

Renaissance, c. 1400c. 1600 Baroque, c. 1600c. 1750

Classical, c. 1750c. 1820

Romantic, c. 1820c. 1900 twentieth century, 19002000

4 Form Style

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