3d printing for fun and science
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3d Printing for fun and science? 1MIT, January IAP 2014
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3d Printing for fun and science?
A conversation about digital fabrication, the library, and you
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About Matt
• Currently Web Developer, MIT Libraries
• Six years as Digital Fabrication Coordinator, Knowlton School of Architecture (Ohio State)
• Master of Architecture
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Goals
• Introduce the Digital-Physical Cycle• Survey the range of fabrication technologies
now available– and some emerging processes
• Case study• Existing resources• Use in research universities
MIT, January IAP 2014
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DIGITAL-PHYSICAL CYCLE
MIT, January IAP 2014
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DigitizationFabrication
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Digitization• Contact• Non-Contact
Fabrication
Production of physical objects from digital model(s)
Range of scales, materials, shapes, timeframes, budgets, and other considerations.
Three broad categories• Subtractive• Deformative• Additive
MIT, January IAP 2014
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QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
MIT, January IAP 2014
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How Big?
ShopBot Desktophttp://www.flickr.com/photos/jabella/5024291593/
EEW Protec’s HSM-Modalhttp://www.eew-protec.de/110.0.html?&L=1
MIT, January IAP 2014
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How Big?
Flight Assembled Architecture, Gramazio + Kohler and Raffaello D’Andreahttp://www.gramaziokohler.com/web/e/projekte/209.html
Hearing aids, Widexhttp://disruptiveinnovation.se/?p=343MIT, January IAP 2014
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What Material?
Nylon produced by selective laser sinteringContinuum Fashion, n12 bikini
Epoxied bricks laid by robotic armGramazio + Kohler, R-O-B
MIT, January IAP 2014
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What Shape?
Cake decorations cut from flat fondant sheetsCricut
Doubly curved, complex surfacesJF Brandon, D-Shape
MIT, January IAP 2014
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What Source Data?
New Orleans, LouisianaProduced from GIS shapefiles3D Systems
Pen plotterProduced from 2D drawingSizzix
MIT, January IAP 2014
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What Other Properties?
Rubberized / pliable materialszPrinter, 3D Systems
Full color outputzPrinter, 3D Systems
MIT, January IAP 2014
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SURVEY OF PROCESSES
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Subtractive
• Variety of materials• Variety of scales• Most traditional
processes
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Subtractive
• Milling and Routing• Turning and Lathing• Shaping• Grinding• Water Jet Machining• Laser Cutting• Electrical Discharge
Machining• Plasma Cutting• Hot Wire Cutting
MIT, January IAP 2014
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2.5 axes
MIT, January IAP 2014
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3 axes
MIT, January IAP 2014
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5 axes
MIT, January IAP 2014
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More axes
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Deformative
• Primary or secondary process
• Sheet or rod stock• Thermoplastics or steel
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Deformative
• Pressworking• Stretch Forming• Incremental Sheet
Forming• Laser Bending• Drawing• Casting• Injection Molding• Thermoforming
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Deformative
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Additive
• Generally plastic, but other materials coming
• Stratigraphic assembly*• Slower than other
processes• Rapidly developing
industry
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Additive
• Stereolithography• Fused Deposition Modeling• 3D Printing• Selective Laser Sintering• Direct Metal Printing• Laminated Object
Manufacturing• Polyjet• Contour Crafting• Anti-Gravity Object
Modeling
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Stereolithography
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Stereolithography
• 1986• Laser and liquid
photopolymer• First RP process to
market• 3D Systems
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Stereolithography
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Fused Deposition Modeling
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Fused Deposition Modeling
• 1990• Hot glue gun• Core patents have
expired• Stratasys, but now
many others (MakerBot, RepRap, Cube)
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Fused Deposition Modeling
MIT, January IAP 2014
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3D Printing
MIT, January IAP 2014
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3D Printing
• ~1995• Water at plaster• Developed at MIT• zCorp (now 3D Systems)
among other licensees
MIT, January IAP 2014
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3D Printing
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Selective Laser Sintering
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Digitization
Fabrication• Subtractive• Deformative• Additive
Capturing physical properties into digital model(s)
Range of scales, constraints, timeframes, and other considerations.
Two broad categories• Contact• Non-Contact
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Contact Scanning
Tyrannosaurus Rex hip bone, part of “Rex, Sit.”Kent A. Stevens, University of Oregonhttp://ix.cs.uoregon.edu/~kent/paleontology/Tyrannosaurus/RexSit.html
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Contact Scanning
• Like a 3d mouse• Requires physical
contact• Geometry only – no
colors• Slow and tedious
process• Relatively small scale
targets
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Non-Contact Scanning
Reclining Figure, sculpture by Henry MoorePhotographed by Matt Bernhardt, model assembled with 123D Catch
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Non-Contact Scanning
Evelyn Grace Academy, London – Zaha Hadid, ArchitectsScanned by ScanLab for BBChttp://www.scanlabprojects.co.uk/projects/stirling-prize-winner-2011-zaha-hadids-evelyn-grace-academy.htmlMIT, January IAP 2014
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Non-Contact Scanning
• Requires line of sight• Can capture colors• Thousands of data
points very quickly• Large scale scans• Can work from digital
photographs
MIT, January IAP 2014
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EMERGING PLATFORMS
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Art - 3Doodler
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Mataerial
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Architecture – Contour Crafting
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Architecture – Contour Crafting
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Architecture - D-Shape
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Architecture - D-Shape
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Prosthetics
MIT, January IAP 2014
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CASE STUDY
MIT, January IAP 2014
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“Bather” by Jacques Lipchitz
• 1923-25• Bronze• 76” x 29.5” x 28” • Located in Hayden
Library courtyard• Gift of Yulla Lipchitz in
Honor of Paul and Ruth Tishman
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Digitizing
33 photographsJPG format3456px by 2592px
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Digitizing
Uploaded to 123D Catch app from AutodeskSaved to OBJ 3d interchange formatMIT, January IAP 2014
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Fabricating
Load OBJ file into MakerWareSaved as X3D instructionsMIT, January IAP 2014
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Fabricating
As printed with MakerBot Replicator 2
MIT, January IAP 2014
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WHERE DO I GO NEXT?
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Where To Find These Tools?• Local Businesses / Communities
– Danger: Awesome– Artisans Asylum
• Service Bureaus– Shapeways– Ponoko– APP Proto– Laser Reproductions– RedEye RPM
• Around MIT– Selected Departments (Architecture, Media Lab, etc)– MIT Hobby Shop– MIT Libraries
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Local Businesses
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Local Businesses
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Service Bureaus
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Service Bureaus
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Service Bureaus
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Service Bureaus
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Service Bureaus
MIT, January IAP 2014
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Many MIT Resources Are Restricted
MIT, January IAP 2014
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SPECIAL OFFER
MIT, January IAP 2014
Attending this class entitles you to…
One Free Use of the MakerBot & Scanner!
Courtesy of The MIT Library Program on Information Research
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Questions?
Resources, Getting Startedhttp://libguides.mit.edu/make
Expert Consultations, AppointmentsMatt [email protected]
Research CollaborationProgram on Information [email protected]://informatics.mit.edu
MIT, January IAP 2014