AAAL2

See ATM Adaptation Layer type 2

AC

See Alternating Current

Access Link Control Application Part

Access Link Control Application Part is a generic name for the transport signalling protocol used to setup and tear down transport bearers. In UMTS the main ALCAP protocol is the AAL2 signalling protocol.

ACK

See Acknowledgement

Acknowledged Mode

An RRC connected mode where neither DCCH nor DTCH is available.

Acknowledgement

A Layer 2 response by the mobile station or the base station confirming that a signaling message was received correctly.

Acquisition Indicator Channel

The Acquisition Indicator Channel is a fixed rate physical channel with a spreading factor of 256 equating to 32Kbps. It is used to carry acquisition indicators which correspond to signatures on the PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel).

Active factor

Active factor reflects the actual usage of bandwidth. For example, if the active factor is 50, it indicates that the actual usage of bandwidth is 50%.

Active process

HARQ process to which scheduling grants are applicable, that is, in which scheduled data can be sent.

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

The UE sends CQI through the HS-DPCCH to the NodeB to report the channel quality. The NodeB decides the size of the transport blocks and modulation mode according to the CQI.

When the UE is in good radio environment, the transmission can adopt the high order 16QAM modulation mode and large transport blocks to achieve high peak rate.

When the UE is in poor radio environment, the transmission can adopt low order QPSK modulation mode and small transport blocks to ensure communication quality.

ADSL

See Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line

AEUa

RNC 32-port ATM over E1/T1/J1 interface Unit REV:a

AF

See Assured Forwarding

AFC

See Automatic Frequency Control

AG

Absolute Grant

AGPS

See Network Assisted GPS

AICH

See Acquisition Indicator Channel

AKA

Authentication and Key Agreement

ALCAP

See Access Link Control Application Part

Allocation Retention Priority

It is a QoS attribute that specifies the relative importance compared to other UMTS bearers for allocation and retention of the UMTS bearer.

Alternating Current

Current which constantly changes in amplitude, and which reverses direction at regular intervals.

AM

See Acknowledged Mode

AMC

See Adaptive Modulation and Coding

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

American Standard Code for Information Interchange - the standard system for representing letters and symbols. Each letter or symbol is assigned a unique number between 0 and 127.

AMR

Adaptive Multi Rate

AMRC

Adaptive Multi-Rate Control algorithm

ANI

Adjacent Node Identifier

AOA

Angular Of Arrival

AOUa

RNC 2-port ATM over channelized Optical STM-1/OC-3 Interface Unit REV:a

ARP

See Allocation Retention Priority

ARPU

See Average Revenue Per User

ASCII

See American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Assured Forwarding

A QoS (Quality of Service) term employed within the DiffServ (Differentiated Services) policy. Assured Forwarding values are set as part of the PHB (Per Hop Behaviour) used by routers. This value is used to

determine the degree of reliability a packet should be afforded within the DiffServ domain.

Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line

A technology that allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines (POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service)). ADSL supports data rates of from 1.5Mbps to 9Mbps when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16Kbps to 640Kbps when sending data (known as the upstream rate). ADSL requires a special modem.

ATM Adaptation Layer type 2

AAL2 supports continuous bit rate transmissions, but also solves the problems of packetization delay and efficiency in the use of bandwidth resources.

Authentication Token

The Authentication Token is sent in the Authentication Request message to the mobile along with a random number and KSI (Key Set Identifier). The variables within the AUTN are used by the mobile in the authentication process that it conducts with the network.

Authentication vector

The UMTS authentication vector uses a quintet of parameters which provides temporary authentication data that enables an VLR or SGSN to engage in UMTS authentication with a particular user.

AUTN

See Authentication Token

Automatic Frequency Control

A device or circuit that maintains the frequency of an oscillator within the specified limits with respect to a reference frequency.

Average Revenue Per User

This term is used by telephone carriers. This term has also become widely used in other industries including consumer Internet services. It is the revenue generated by a customer phone, pager, etc., per month. In mobile telephony, ARPU includes not only the revenues billed to the customer each month for usage, but also the revenue generated from incoming calls, payable within the regulatory interconnection regime.

B

Back Administration Module

Back Administrator Module of the RNC. It is a logical concept. In the OM subsystem, it works as a bridge between the Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) and the Front Administration Module (FAM).

BAM

See Back Administration Module

Base Station Controller

The BSC is the functional entity within the GSM architecture that is responsible for RR (Radio Resource) allocation to a MS (Mobile Station), frequency administration and handover between BTS (Base Transceiver Station) controlled by the BSC. The BSC function may be physically located with the BTS. If this is the case there is no requirement for the Abis interface, and a preparatory interface to map signalling and traffic destined for the MS may be employed.

Base Station System

In GSM the Base Station System is a term given to a BSC (Base Station Controller) and the BTS (Base Transceiver Station) associated with it. The number of BTS associated with a BSC is dependent on the manufacturer. Although not mandatory, through interpretation of the Abis interface standard BTS and BSC employed within a BSS will always be supplied by the same manufacturer. The BSS is the physical equipment used to give radio coverage to a determined geographical zone called a cell. Functionally, a BSS is subdivided into BSC and BTS

Base Transceiver Station

In cellular system the Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. Each BTS may consist of a number of TRX (Transceiver), typically between 1 and 16. In the GSM system the BTS is also responsible for ciphering of the air interface.

Basic telecommunication service

This term is used as a common reference to both bearer services and teleservices.

BER

See Bit Error Rate

Best effort service

A service model which provides minimal performance guarantees, allowing an unspecified variance in the measured performance criteria.

BFD

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

Bit Error Rate

The number of erroneous bits received divided by the total number of bits transmitted.

BITS

See Building Integrated Timing Supply System

BLER

See Block Error Rate

Block Error Rate

BLER, or Block Error Rate, is the number of data blocks per second that contain detectable errors at the input of the C1 decoder.

BMC

See Broadcast/Multicast Control

BOOTP

See Bootstrap Protocol

BootROM

A writable and erasable storage medium for binary data (machine code). The BootROM software refers to the software bound with hardware. It provides basic device drive function and can be started and updated manually.

Bootstrap Protocol

Bootstrap Protocol is a TCP/IP protocol that enables a network device to discover certain startup information, such as its IP address.

BOSS

Business Operation Support System

Broadcast/Multicast Control

In the UMTS system, this protocol adapts broadcast and multicast services on the radio interface.

BSC

See Base Station Controller

BSC6800

One of Huawei RNC model

BSC6810

One of Huawei RNC model

BSS

See Base Station System

BTS

See Base Transceiver Station

Building Integrated Timing Supply System

In the situation of multiple synchronous nodes or communication devices, one can use a device to set up a clock system on the hinge of telecom network to connect the synchronous network as a whole, and provide satisfactory synchronous base signals to the building integrated device. This device is called BITS.

CC-RNTI

See Cell RNTI

CA

Call Agent

CAC

Call Admission Control

CAPEX

See Capital Expenditure

Capital Expenditure

Money spent to acquire or upgrade physical assets such as buildings and machinery.

Cascading

In a cascading connection, the output of one entity is considered as the input of its next entity.

Cascading in this chapter refers to the topology type (chain and tree) of NodeBs.

CBC

See Cell Broadcast Center

CBE

Cell Broadcast Entity

CBR

See Constant Bit Rate

CBS

See Cell Broadcast Service

CBS SA

A CBS SA is an area where the CBS service is available.

Cells have a one-to-one relationship with CBS SAs.

CCCH

Common Control Channel

CCP

Communication Control Port

CCTrCH

Coded Composite Transport Channel

CDMA

See Code Division Multiple Access

CDT tracing

The CDT tracing (detailed call tracing) is used to trace the following messages: standard interface messages of the UE and messages on the user plane and signaling plane of the UE.

Cell

Radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a User Equipment from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical area from one UTRAN Access Point. A Cell is either FDD or TDD mode.

Cell breathing

Cell breathing refers to the phenomenon that the coverage of the cell varies with the number of users. That is, when the number of users increases, the network load also increases, the coverage of the cell, however, decreases; when the number of users decreases, the network load also decreases, the coverage of the cell, however, increases.

Cell Broadcast Center

The Cell Broadcast Centre is the functional entity within the mobile network that is responsible for the generation of cell broadcast information.

Cell Broadcast Service

Cell Broadcast is designed for simultaneous delivery of messages to multiple users in a specified area. Whereas the Short Message Service (SMS) is a one-to-one and one-to-a-few service, Cell Broadcast is one-to-many geographically focused service. It enables messages to be communicated to multiple mobile phone customers who are located within a given part of its network coverage area at the time the message is broadcast. Cell Broadcast is more akin to other mass distribution media such as teletext or Radio Data System (RDS). On Cell Broadcast the GSM operators send different news or data. Often they offer business news, weather forcast and so on.

Cell channel

The number of the program channel in a cell.

The relation between the cell channels and the program channels is configurable through commands.

Cell Multimedia Broadcast Channel

The CMB bearer on cells, corresponding to the FACH of SCCPCH. It bears different program channels through configurations.

Cell RNTI

Group RNTI. A newly defined type of UE ID, used in MAC header to identify data on CMBCHs.

Cell tracing

The cell tracing is used to measure the following two types of messages: common signaling messages on the Iub interface of one or more specified cells and customized messages that contain information about UEs in the cells.

CELL_DCH

An RRC connected mode in which DCCH and, if configured, DTCH are available. DCCH and DTCH are mapped to DCH.

CELL_PCH

An RRC connected mode where neither DCCH nor DTCH is available.

Center Processing Unit

The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place.

CES

See Circuit Emulation Service

CG

See Charging Gateway

Charging Gateway

Element with a GPRS network that consolidates,filters and optimizes CDR (Call Detail Record) prior to their transmission to the Billing Platform.

CID

See Context identifier

Cipher Key

The Ciphering Key is a variable used in the GSM and GPRS cipher process.

Circuit Emulation Service

A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At the transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots. The CES technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to the original sequence at the reception end.

CK

See Cipher Key

CKSN

Cipher Key Sequence Number

CLD

Closed Loop Transmit Diversity

CLD1

Closed Loop Transmit Diversity Mode 1

CM

See Compressed mode

CMB

Cell Multimedia Broadcast

CMBCH

See Cell Multimedia Broadcast Channel

CmCH-PI

Common Transport Channel Priority Indicator

CME

Configuration Management Express

CN

See Core Network

Code Division Multiple Access

A technique for spread-spectrum multiple-access digital communications that creates channels through the use of unique code sequences.

command script

A command script is a text file. It records a batch of MML commands for a single NE or multiple NEs of the same type. You can execute multiple MML commands by executing a command script.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture

CORBA is the acronym for Common Object Request Broker Architecture, OMG's open, vendor-independent architecture and infrastructure that computer applications use to work together over networks.

Common Traffic Channel

This is a point to multipoint unidirectional channel for the transfer of dedicated user information for all or a group of specified UE (User Equipment).

Compress

The act of reducing the size of a header by removing header fields or reducing the size of header fields.

This is done in such a way that a decompressor can re-form the header if its context state is identical to the context state used in compression of the header.

Compressed mode

In the compressed mode, some timeslots in one or more continuous physical frames do not send data. This mode applies to inter-frequency measurement.

Configuration forward

After the configuration rollback is executed, the configuration forward function can also be performed to forward the configured data to a specified status.

Configuration right

Configuration rollback requires that only one user has the configuration right at present. That user can perform data configuration and configuration rollback.

Configuration rollback

When the expected result cannot be achieved with the MML commands executed, the configuration rollback function is performed to roll back the configured data to the specified status.

Constant Bit Rate

Constant Bit Rate is a service offered by a network technology such as ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). This is used for real time services such as speech.

Context

A bit string that the compressor uses to compress a header and the decompressor uses to decompress a header.

It is the uncompressed version of the last header that the compressor sends or the decompressor receives over the link. The context for a packet stream is associated with a CID. In addition, the context for a non-TCP packet stream is associated with a generation.

Context identifier

A small unique number that identifies the context used to decompress a compressed header.

CIDs are carried in full headers or compressed headers.

Controlling Radio Network Controller

The RNC connected to a NodeB is called the CRNC of this NodeB.

CORBA

See Common Object Request Broker Architecture

Core Network

An architectural term relating to the part of UMTS which is independent of the connection technology of the terminal (eg radio, wired).

CORRM

Connection-Oriented Radio Resource Management

CPICH

Common Pilot Channel

CPU

See Center Processing Unit

CQI

Channel Quality Indicator

CRNC

See Controlling Radio Network Controller

CS

Circuit Switched

CTCH

See Common Traffic Channel

DDA

Data Agent

DAC

Digit-Analog Converter

Data integrity

The quality of correctness, completeness, wholeness, soundness and compliance with the intention of the creators of the data.

Data synchronization

The active node transmits the dynamically configured data to the standby node.

Daylight Saving Time

Daylight Saving Time, an hour earlier than GMT.

DC

Direct Current

DCCC

Dynamic Channel Configuration Control

DCCC threshold rate

If the request rate is lower than or equal to this rate, the dynamic allocation algorithm do not work.

DCCH

Dedicated Control Channel

DCH

Dedicated Channel

DDN

Digital Data Network

DDS

See Direct Digital Synthesis

Decompress

The act of restoring the original header.

Destination Signaling Point

One of a set of destination signalling point polled by the signalling point, the set corresponding to those destination signalling points in the network where congestion is likely to occur.

DGPS

Differential Global Positioning Systems

DHCP

See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Differential coding

A compression technique where the compressed value of a header field is the difference between the current value of the field and the value of the same field in the previous header in the same packet stream.

By differential coding, the decompressor obtains the value of the field by adding the value in the compressed header to its context.

Differentiated Services

A method for adding quality of service (QoS) to IP networks. Operating at layer 3 only, Diffserv uses the IP type of service (TOS) field as the Diffserv byte (DS byte). Diffserv does not provide traffic engineering or hard quality of service similar to ATM. Diffserv can be used at the edges of the network for classification and assignment to the right connection, while MPLS is used within the network.

DiffServ

See Differentiated Services

DiffServ Code Point

A Differentiated Services (DiffServ) Code Point is a marker in the header of each IP packet that prompts network routers to apply differentiated grades of service to various packet streams. It is specified by the DiffServ policy proposed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). This allows Internet and other IP-based network service providers to offer different levels of service to customers.

Direct Digital Synthesis

Direct digital synthesis (DDS) is a powerful technique used in the generation of radio frequency signals for use in a variety of applications from radio receivers to signals generators and many more. The technique has become far more widespread in recent years with the advances being made in integrated circuit technology that allow much faster speeds to be handled which in turn enable higher frequency DDS chips to be made. Although often used on its own, Direct Digital Synthesis is often used in conjunction with indirect or phase locked loop synthesizer loops. By combining both technologies it is possible to take advantage of the best

aspects of each. In view of the fact that integrated circuits are now widely available, this makes them easy to use.

Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access

Direct sequence spread spectrum, also known as direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA), is one of two approaches to spread spectrum modulation for digital signal transmission over the airwaves. In direct sequence spread spectrum, the stream of information to be transmitted is divided into small pieces, each of which is allocated across to a frequency channel across the spectrum. A data signal at the point of transmission is combined with a higher data-rate bit sequence (also known as a chipping code) that divides the data according to a spreading ratio. The redundant chipping code helps the signal resist interference and also enables the original data to be recovered if data bits are damaged during transmission.

Discontinuous Reception

Discontinous Reception (DRX) is a method used in mobile communication to conserve the battery of the mobile device. The mobile device and the network negotiate phases in which data transfer happens. During other times the device turns its receiver off and enters a low power state.

DL

See Downlink

Downlink

Unidirectional radio link for the transmission of signals from a UTRAN access point to a UE. Also in general the direction from Network to UE.

DPB

Downlink Power Balance

DPUb

RNC Data Processing Unit REV:b

DRD

Directed Retry Decision

Drift Radio Network Controller

The role of the drift RNC is to support the serving RNC with radio resources for the mobile terminal connection in cells controlled by the drift RNC.

DRNC

See Drift Radio Network Controller

DRNS

Drift Radio Network System

DRX

See Discontinuous Reception

DS-CDMA

See Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access

DSCP

See DiffServ Code Point

DSCS

Distant Supported Codec Set

DSP

See Destination Signaling Point

DST

See Daylight Saving Time

DTCH

Dedicated Traffic Channel

Dual BAM servers

The BAM has two servers. One BAM server works in active mode and the other works in standby mode. When the active BAM server breaks down because of any hardware fault or irrecoverable software fault, the standby BAM server is switched over to work in active mode and resumes the functions.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client-server networking protocol. A DHCP server provides configuration parameters specific to the DHCP client host requesting, generally, information required by the host to participate on the Internet network. DHCP also provides a mechanism for allocation of IP addresses to hosts.

E

E-AGCH

E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel

E-DCH

See Enhanced Dedicated Channel

E-DCH active set

A set of the cells that carry E-DCH for one UE.

E-DCH MAC-d flow

MAC-es PDUs that carry MAC-d data sharing the same traffic characteristics and that can be multiplexed with MAC-es PDUs of the same type or other MAC-d flows on MAC-e.

E-DPCCH

E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel

E-DPDCH

E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel

E-HICH

E-DCH HARQ Acknowledgement Indicator Channel

E-RGCH

E-DCH Relative Grant Channel

E-TFCI

E-DCH Transport Format Combination Indicator

Eb/N0

Ratio of bit energy to noise spectral density

Desired SNR for demodulating transmit signals. The values in the uplink and in the downlink are different.

Ec/N0

Ratio of received energy per chip to noise spectral density

The CPICH Ec/N0 is identical to each RSSI carried by CPICH RSCP/UTRA. Measurement can be performed on the primary CPICH.

EDGE

See Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

EF

See Expedited Forwarding

Electronic Serial Number

A 32-bit number assigned by the mobile station manufacturer, uniquely identifying the mobile station equipment.

EMC

Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMS

Element Management System

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

EDGE allows higher data transmission speeds based on the GSM standard.

Enhanced Dedicated Channel

A new type of dedicated transport channel or an enhancement to an existing type of dedicated transport channel.

Equivalent number of users

A fully-activated 12.2 kbit/s AMR speech service is called a reference service. The uplink interference raised and the downlink power consumed by the reference service are equal to those by an equivalent user respectively.

Erlang

A unit of measurement of telephone traffic. It is equal to one hour of conversation (3,600 seconds or 36 CCS). It also specifies the approximate number of trunks in use; for example, if the traffic in a call center is 8.5 Erlangs in one hour, more than 8 trunks were used in that hour.

ESN

See Electronic Serial Number

ETS

European Telecommunication Standards

ETSI

European Telecommunications Standards Institute

Event alarm

Alarm caused by a predefined event, such as congestion, that happens when the equipment is running. The alarm represents an instantaneous status of the system and the status may not be a fault. Some event alarms are generated repeatedly and regularly.

Expedited Forwarding

Expedited Forwarding (EF) is a service defined under the Differentiated Services framework.

Extensible Markup Language

A specification developed by the W3C. XML is a pared-down version of SGML, designed especially for Web documents. It allows designers to create their own customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications and between organizations.

External RNC network

The logical network between the BAM and the LMT/M2000. It is used to connect the LMT/M2000 to the RNC OM subsystem.

External virtual IP address

The virtual IP address used for the communication between the BAM and the LMT.

FFACH

Forward Access Channel

FAM

See Front Administration Module

FAQ

Frequently Asked Question

Fault alarm

Alarm caused by hardware faults, for example, board failure, or by the abnormity of major functions. After handling, a fault alarm can be cleared, upon which the NE reports a recovery alarm. Fault alarms are of higher severity than event alarms.

FCC

See Federal Communications Commission

FDD

See Frequency Division Duplex

FE

Fast Ethernet

Federal Communications Commission

Federal Communications Commission is a U.S. government agency that supervises, licenses, and controls electronic and electromagnetic transmission standards.

FER

See Frame Error Rate

FG2a

RNC packet over electronic 8-port FE or 2-port GE ethernet Interface unit REV:a

Fixed IP address

The IP addresses that are permanently bound with the Ethernet adapters of the active and the standby nodes.

The fixed IP addresses are used for the heartbeat communication between the nodes. Neither the host nor the LMT can access the fixed IP addresses.

Flow control

A set of mechanisms used to prevent the network from being overloaded by regulating the input rate transmissions

Forced Soft Handover

In the CELLID+RTT positioning method, the RNC forcibly triggers soft handover by lowering the threshold of 1A event during the positioning.

ForceSHO

See Forced Soft Handover

FP

See Frame Protocol

Fractional ATM

A function with which ATM cells are transmitted through some of the 32 E1/T1 timeslots. ATM cells are mapped to some of the E1/T1 timeslots, instead of all of the timeslots. At the peer end, the ATM cell stream is recovered from these E1/T1 timeslots. The timeslots that are unavailable for ATM cell transmission can transmit other information.

Frame Error Rate

The number of frames in error divided by the total. These frames are usually discarded, in which case this can be called the Frame Erasure Rate.

Frame Protocol

A protocol used in UMTS on the Iur and Iub interfaces to frame channels supported between the SRNC (Serving Radio Network Controller) and UE (User Equipment).

Frequency Division Duplex

Frequency division duplex (FDD) is the application of frequency-division multiple access to separate outward and return signals. The uplink and downlink sub-bands are said to be separated by the "frequency offset".

Front Administration Module

Front Administrator Module, including the switching subsytem and the service processing subsystem. It is also called the main system of RNC.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

Full header

An uncompressed header that updates or refreshes the context for a packet stream. It carries a CID. For a non-TCP packet stream, a full header also carries a generation.

GGAI

Geographical Area Identifier

Gateway GPRS Support Node

The Gateway GPRS Support Node supports the edge routing function of the GPRS network. To external packet data networks the GGSN performs

the task of an IP router. Firewall and filtering functionality, to protect the integrity of the GPRS core network, are also associated with the GGSN along with a billing function.

Gateway Mobile Location Center

The Gateway Mobile Location Centre contains functionality required to support LCS (LoCation Services). In one PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network), there may be more than one GMLC. The GMLC is the first node an external LCS client accesses in a GSM or UMTS network. The GMLC may request routing information from the HLR (Home Location register) or HSS (Home Subscriber Server). After performing registration authorization, it sends positioning requests to either the VMSC (Visited Mobile Switching Centre), SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) or MSC (Mobile Switching Centre) Server and receives final location estimates from the corresponding entity.

GBP

Power Requirement for GBR

GBR

See Guaranteed Bit Rate

GByte

Gigabyte

GCGa

RNC General Clock with GPS Card REV:a

GCUa

RNC General Clock Unit REV:a

GDOP

Geometric Dilution Of Precision

GE

Gigabit Ethernet

General Packet Radio Service

A mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. It is often described as "2.5G", that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony.

Generation

A number that is incremented whenever the context with a specified CID changes.

A generation is specific for a non-TCP packet stream and carried by a full or compressed non-TCP header. Each new version of the context with a specified CID is associated with a generation.

GGSN

See Gateway GPRS Support Node

GHz

Gigahertz

Global System for Mobile communications

The Global System for Mobile communications is a second generation cellular telecommunication system which was first planned in the early 1980s. Unlike first generation systems operating at the time, GSM was digital and thus introduced greater enhancements such as security, capacity, quality and the ability to support integrated services. Initially, GSM was planned to be a European system allowing subscribers to roam between different networks however, GSM was quickly adopted by many other regions and is now a “Global System”. Today, there are over 400 GSM network operators or carriers located in 182 countries and supporting collectively nearly 700 million subscribers.

GMLC

See Gateway Mobile Location Center

GMT

See Greenwich Meridian Time

GOS

See Grade of Service

GOUa

RNC 2-port packet over Optical GE ethernet Interface Unit REV:a

GPRS

See General Packet Radio Service

GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane

GPRS Tunneling Protocol - User plane messages are exchanged between GSN (Gateway Support Node) pairs or GSN/RNC (Radio Network

Controller) pairs in a path. The user plane messages are used to carry user data packets, and signalling messages for path management and error indication.

GPS

Global positioning system (GPS) consists of three functional units: space segment (satellites), user segment (receivers), and control segment (GPS satellite observation and control network).

Grade of Service

Grade of Service defines the quality of a telephone service in terms of a user receiving a network busy signal.

Graphic User Interface

A visual computer environment that represents programs, files, and options with graphical images, such as icons, menus, and dialog boxes on the screen. The user can select and activate these options by pointing and clicking with a mouse or, often, with the keyboard. A particular item (such as a scroll bar) works the same way to the user in all applications, because the graphical user interface provides standard software routines to handle these elements and report the user's actions (such as a mouse click on a particular icon or at a particular location in text, or a key press); applications call these routines with specific parameters rather than attempting to reproduce them from scratch.

Greenwich Meridian Time

Greenwich Meridian Time

GSM

See Global System for Mobile communications

GSM security context

A state established between a UE and a serving network domain as a result of the execution of GSM AKA. In this state, both ends store GSM security context data. The data consists at least of GSM cipher Kc and cipher key sequence number (CKSN).

GTP-U

See GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User Plane

Guaranteed Bit Rate

The minimum bit rate for the RNC to adjust. It is contained in the RAB assignment message that the CN sends to the RNC.

HHandover

The transfer of a user's connection from one radio channel to another (can be the same or different cell).

Hard Disk

A rigid magnetic disk fixed permanently within a drive unit and used for storing computer data. Hard disks generally offer more storage and quicker access to data than floppy disks do.

Hard Handover

A handover, is the process in which a cellular phone is handed from one cell to the next in order to maintain a radio connection with the network. A hard handover results in the radio connection being broken between the network and the mobile, before a new radio connection is established with the network in the target cell. Hard handovers usually require a change of frequency.

HARQ

See Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

HARQ profile

One HARQ profile consists of a power offset attribute and a maximum number of retransmissions.

HC

Header Compression

HCS

See Hierarchical Cell Structure

HD

See Hard Disk

HDLC

See High-Level Data Link Control

HE

Home Environment

Heartbeat

Signals sent from one node to the others to notify the working status of the node. The heartbeat is messages without responses. Both the active and the standby BAM servers send the heartbeat periodically.

The dual-BAM-server system monitors the heartbeat to ensure that the active and the standby BAM servers work in proper status.

HFC

HSL Foundation Component

HHO

See Hard Handover

Hierarchical Cell Structure

This is a term typically used to describe the priority of cells within a mixed environment. That is when Macro, Micro, and Pico cells may be viewed as candidates for cell reselection the priority described by the HCS will be used in the associated calculations.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables the maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the WCDMA network topology.

High-Level Data Link Control

A Link-Level protocol used to facilitate reliable point-to-point transmission of a data packet.

HLR

See Home Location Register

HO

See Handover

Home Location Register

The location register to which a MIN/IMSI is assigned for record purposes such as subscriber information.

Hot Spot

A cell that has high traffic and a large quantity of users

HS-DPCCH

High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

HS-DSCH

High Speed Downlink Shared Channel

HS-PDSCH

High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel

HS-SCCH

High Speed Shared Control Channel

HSDPA

See High Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSDPA cell

The cells in which the HSDPA related resources are configured, such as HSDPA power resource and HSDPA code resource.

HSDPA Serving cell

The cells through which the HSDPA user's data is transmitted. Each active HSDPA user has only one HSDPA serving cell at one time.

HSL

High-level Script Language

HSUPA

High Speed Uplink Packet Access

HTML

See Hyper Text Markup Language

Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

A multi-instance Stop-and-Wait (SAW) protocol

The number of HARQ processes is 4 for a 10 ms TTI and 8 for a 2 ms TTI.

One HARQ entity handles the hybrid ARQ functionality for one user. One HARQ entity is capable of supporting multiple instances (HARQ process) of stop and wait HARQ protocols. There should be one HARQ process per HS-DSCH per TTI. During retransmission, the UE employs soft combining, that is, it combines soft information from previous transmission attempts

with the latest transmission to increase the probability of successful decoding.

Hyper Text Markup Language

Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML). A Standard Generic Mark-up Language used for WWW documents. Defined by IETF RFC 1866 (Version 2).

I

IAC

Intelligent Access Control

ICM

Initial Codec Mode

ID

Identity

IDNNS

Intra Domain NAS Node Selection

IE

See Information Element

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

IK

See Integrity Key

IMA

See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM

IMEI

See International Mobile Equipment Identity

IMSI

See International Mobile Subscriber Identity

Inactive process

HARQ process for which scheduling grants are not applicable, that is, in which scheduled data cannot be sent.

Incorrect decompression

A situation where a decompressed header is different from the header before compression.

Usually, incorrect decompression is due to context mismatch between the compressor and decompressor or due to bit errors during transmission of the compressed header.

Information Element

An Information Element is a group of information which may be included within a signalling message or data flow which is sent across an interface. Examples may include QoS (Quality of Service) definitions, setup parameters, user identifiers etc.

Insulation test

A test that is performed to check whether the cabinet is insulated from the earth by measuring the resistance between the cabinet and the earth when the multimeter is set to the megaohm range. This test helps to ensure that the required insulation parts are installed and are intact.

Integrity Key

A 128bit number used to protect the integrity of information passing between the RNC (Radio Network Controller) and the UE (User Equipment) in UMTS .

Inter-frequency neighboring cell

A cell that has partially overlapping coverage with the serving cell and uses a different frequency from that of the serving cell.

Internal RNC network

The logical network between the BAM and the RNC FAM. It is used for the communication between the BAM and the FAM.

Internal virtual IP address

The virtual IP address used for the communication between the BAM and the host.

International Mobile Equipment Identity

The International Mobile Equipment Identity is a unique identifier allocated to each ME (Mobile Equipment). It consists of a TAC (Type Approval Code), a FAC (Final Assembly Code), SNR (Serial Number) and a Spare Digit.

International Mobile Subscriber Identity

A method of identifying stations in the land mobile service as specified in CCITT Recommendation.

Internet Protocol

Internet Protocol is a standardized method of transporting information across the Internet in packets of data. It is often linked to Transmission Control Protocol, which assembles the packets once they have been delivered to the intended location.

Interworking Function

The Interworking Function is used to provide circuit switched data services when connecting a cellular network to a PSTN. It is comprised of rate adapters, modems and fax adapters.

Intra-frequency neighboring cell

A cell that has partially overlapping coverage with the serving cell. In addition, this cell and the serving cell use the same frequency.

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM. With this function, the transmisstion end inversely multiplexes the ATM cells on a high speed transport link to multiple low speed ATM circuits, and the reception end combines the low speed ATM circuits back into a high speed logical path.

IOS tracing

This task is performed to trace a specified number of calls which access a specified cell continuously. The number of calls can be defined when the task is started.

The number of calls can be set when the task is started.

The messages during the call procedure are traced.

IP

See Internet Protocol

IP over ATM

Classical IP over ATM protocols are used to carry the IP packets over the ATM transport network.

IP Security

IP Security provides a framework of open standards dealing with data confidentiality, integrity, and the authentication between participating hosts.

IPCP

Internet Protocol Control Protocol

IPoA

See IP over ATM

IPSec

See IP Security

IPv4

The abbreviation of Internet Protocol version 4. IPv4 utilizes a 32bit address which is assigned to hosts. An address belongs to one of five classes (A, B, C, D, or E) and is written as 4 octets separated by periods and may range from 0.0.0.0 through to 255.255.255.255. Each address consists of a network number, an optional subnetwork number, and a host number. The network and subnetwork numbers together are used for routing, and the host number is used to address an individual host within the network or subnetwork. IPv4 addresses may also be represented using CIDR (Classless Inter Domain Routing).

IPv6

The abbreviation of Internet Protocol version 6. IPv6 provides a replacement for IPv4. IPv6 includes support for flow Identity in the packet header, which can be used to identify flows and improve QoS (Quality of Service). IPv6 was formerly known as IPng (next generation).

IR

Incremental Redundancy

Iu Flex

Intra Domain Connection of RAN Nodes to Multiple CN Nodes

Iu UP

Iu User Plane

Iu-BC Interface

Interface between RNC and CBC.

Iur interface

Interface between RNCs

IWF

See Interworking Function

KKey property

A property that can uniquely identifies an object example

KR

Kaufman-Roberts algorithm

LLA

See Location Area

LAC

See Location Area Code

LAI

See Location Area Identity

LAN

See Local Area Network

LCC

Load Congestion Control

LCP

See Link Control Protocol

LCS

See Location Service

LCS client

An entity subscribing to LCS and interacting with a LCS server to obtain location information of one or more UEs.

It can either interact with UEs or not.

In addition to managing the user interface, it is responsible for formatting and displaying data. It can reside in the UE.

LCS server

A software and/or hardware entity offering LCS capabilities. It receives service requests and sends back replies.

LDB

Load Control Balancing

LDC

Load Control

LDM

Load Monitor

LDR

Load Reshuffling

Link Control Protocol

In the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), the Link Control Protocol (LCP) establishes, configures, and tests data-link Internet connections.

LLC

Link Layer Control

LMT

The abbreviation of Local Maintenance Terminal. The LMT is a logical concept. The LMT connects to the external RNC/NodeB network and provides the GUI for the OM of the RNC/NodeB. In the RNC/NodeB OM subsystem, the LMT is the terminal for operators to perform the OM.

LMT application

The LMT application refers to the Huawei Local Maintenance Terminal software.

LMT PC

The LMT PC is the hardware of the LMT. It refers to the computer on which the LMT software is installed.

LMU

See Location Measurement Unit

LMU-A

LMU type A

LMU-B

LMU type B

Local Area Network

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a local area, like a home, office or small group of buildings such as a college.

local time

The same as the display time of a local computer. The local time varies according to the time zone.

Location Area

A Location Area (LA) is an area defined in the Core Network (CN).

Location Area Code

The Location Area Code uniquely identifies a LA (Location Area) within a PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network). It may range from 0 to 65,535.

Location Area Identity

The Location Area Identity uniquely identifies a LA (Location Area) within any PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network). It is comprised of the MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code) and the LAC (Location Area Code).

Location based application

Location information can either be input by users or obtained by UTRAN or UE measurement. Navigation is a typical example of location based application.

Location Measurement Unit

In GSM or UMTS a Location Measurement Unit makes radio measurements to support positioning of mobiles. Two categories of measurements are identified, the first identifies measurements specific to one MS (Mobile Station) used to compute its location. The second method provides assistance measurements which is specific to all mobiles in a defined geographic area.

Location Service

Location Service (LCS) specifies all the network elements necessary to implement location services in a cellular network, as well as their functions, interfaces and communication messages.

MM2000

iManager M2000 (M2000 for short). M2000 is a managing platform for WCDMA. It is developed by Huawei.

M3UA

See MTP3 User Adaption Layer

MAC

See Media Access Control

MAC-c

See Media Access Control - common

MAC-d

Medium Access Control - dedicated

MAC-e

MAC-e Entity (handling E-DCH specific functions)

MAC-hs

Medium Access Control for HSDPA

Maximum Transfer Unit

The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the size of the largest datagram that can be sent over a network.

MB

Mega Byte

MBMS

See Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service

MBR

Maximum Bit Rate

MCC

See Mobile Country Code

MCCH

MBMS point-to-multipoint Control Channel

MCPPP

Multi-Class Extension to Multi-link PPP

MDSP

Mobile Data Service Platform

Mean Time Between Failures

The average time between consecutive failures of a piece of equipment. It is a measure of the reliability of the system.

Mean Time To Repair

The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.

Media Access Control

Media Access Control is the lower of the two sublayers of the Data Link Layer. In general terms, MAC handles access to a shared medium, and can be found within many different technologies. For example, MAC methodologies are employed within Ethernet, GPRS, and UMTS etc.

Media Access Control - common

The MAC-c/sh controls access to common transport channels.

Media Gateway

A gateway that supports both bearer traffic and signalling traffic.

Message Transfer Part Level 3

The Message Transfer Part (MTP) is part of the Signalling System 7 (SS7) used for communication in Public Switched Telephone Networks. MTP Level 3 provides routing functionality to transport signaling messages through the SS7 network to the requested endpoint.

Message Transfer Part level 3 broadband

Message Transfer Part level 3 broadband provides message routing, discrimination and distribution (for point to point link only). It also provides signalling link management, load sharing and changeover between links within one link-set. The protocol is a broadband ISDN based protocol used typically in ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) .

MGW

See Media Gateway

MICH

MBMS notification Indicator Channel

MLPPP

Multi-link PPP

MMC

Multimedia Controller

MML

Man Machine Language

MNC

See Mobile Network Code

Mobile Country Code

The Mobile Country Code is a three digit number uniquely identifying a given country. It is utilized within the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and LAI (Location Area Identity).

Mobile Network Code

The Mobile Network Code is either a two or three digit number used to uniquely identify a given network from within a specified country (MCC (Mobile Country Code)). The MNC is used as part of the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and LAI (Location Area Identity) etc.

Mobile Service Switching Center

MSC is in the core position of switching in the CDMA system. MSC provides interfaces connecting with each function entity and public network in the CDMA system and implements interconnection between mobile subscribers and interconnection between mobile subscriber and PSTN subscriber.

Mobile Station

A station in the Public Cellular Radio Telecommunications Service intended to be used while in motion or during halts at unspecified points.

Most Significant Bit

The most significant bit (MSB) is the bit in a multiple-bit binary number with the largest value.

MRC

Maximum Ratio Combining

MS

See Mobile Station

MSB

See Most Significant Bit

MSC

See Mobile Service Switching Center

MSC Server

Mobile Service Switching Center Server

MSCH

MBMS point-to-multipoint Scheduling Channel

MTBF

See Mean Time Between Failures

MTP3

See Message Transfer Part Level 3

MTP3 User Adaption Layer

The MTP3 User Adaptation Layer provides the equivalent set of primitives at its upper layer to the MTP3 users as provided by the MTP Level 3. In this way, the ISUP (ISDN User Part) and/or SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part) layer is unaware that the expected MTP3 services are offered remotely and not by a local MTP3 layer. In effect, the M3UA extends access to the MTP3 layer services to a remote IP based application. The M3UA does not itself provide the MTP3 services.

MTP3B

See Message Transfer Part level 3 broadband

MTTR

See Mean Time To Repair

MTU

See Maximum Transfer Unit

Multi-hop

Data are forwarded by multiple uncertain routers before reaching the destination.

Multicast PVC

This PVC is used to transmit the same data to multiple nodes.

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service

The MBMS is a unidirectional point to multipoint bearer service in which data is transmitted from a single source entity to multiple recipients. These services will typically be in the form of streaming video and audio and should not be confused with the Cell Broadcast Service that is currently supported.

NN-PDU

Network Protocol Data Unit

NACK

See Negative Acknowledgement

NAS

See Non-Access Stratum

NBM

NodeB Management Module

NCP

See Network Control Protocol

NE

See Network Element

Near-far interference

Near-far interference occurs when a desirable signal from a far-away user is interfered with by another user close to intended receiver.

Negative Acknowledgement

The opposite of the ACK signal. It indicates a message was not received correctly, or that the terminal is not ready to send.

Neighboring cell

The neighboring cells of the reference cell confirmed during a UE positioning process. The AGPS positioning method needs no neighboring cells.

In CELLID+RTT and OTDOA positioning methods, UEs need to measure signals of the reference cell and the neighboring cells simultaneously to obtain geographic locations of cells for accurate positioning.

Neighboring GSM Cell

A cell that is adjacent to the serving cell but belongs to a GSM or GSM/GPRS system.

Network Assisted GPS

Assisted Global Positioning System is a technique enabling both mobiles and cellular networks to establish accurate positioning information. The system utilizes both the GPS (Global Positioning System) and the terrestrial cellular network and is one of the LCS (Location Services) methodologies.

Network Control Protocol

This is the program that switches the virtual circuit connections into place, implements path control, and operates the Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) link.

Network Element

A Network Element refers to a communication equipment in the network, such as RNC and NodeB.

Network Management System

A Network Management System (NMS) is a combination of hardware and software used to monitor and administer a network. Individual network elements (NEs) in a network are managed by an element management system.

Network Time Protocol

NTP is a protocol designed to synchronize the clocks of computers over a network. NTP version 3 is an internet draft standard, formalized in RFC 1305. NTP version 4 is a significant revision of the NTP standard, and is the current development version, but has not been formalized in an RFC. SNTP (Simple NTP) version 4 is described in RFC 2030.

Network to Network Interface

This is an internal interface within a network linking two or more elements.

NMS

See Network Management System

NNI

See Network to Network Interface

NNSF

Non Access Stratum (NAS) Node Selection Function

NodeB

A logical node responsible for radio transmission/reception in one or more cells to/from the UE. It connects to the RNC through the Iub interface.

Non Real-Time Variable Bit Rate

The nrt-VBR service category is used for connections that transport variable bit rate traffic for which there is no inherent reliance on time synchronisation between the traffic source and destination, but there is a need for an attempt at a guaranteed bandwidth or latency.

Non-Access Stratum

The Non Access Stratum is a functional layer running between the UE (User Equipment) and the CN (Core Network). The layer supports traffic and signalling messages between the CN and UE (User Equipment).

Non-serving E-DCH RL or non-serving RL

A cell that belongs to the E-DCH active set rather than the serving E-DCH RLS and from which the UE can receive one relative grant. The UE can have zero, one, or several non-serving E-DCH RLs.

NRI

Network Resource Identifier

NRNC

Neighboring Radio Network Controller

NRT

Non-Real-Time

NRT-VBR

See Non Real-Time Variable Bit Rate

NTP

See Network Time Protocol

OObject category

A category of objects in the wireless configuration model

For instance, the AAL2 path, SAAL link, or cell can be referred to as an object category respectively.

Object example

An example for an object category

For instance, the cell with the ID of 0 is an object example for the object category of cell.

OCXO

Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator

Offline command

A command that comes into effect only when the host is reset after successful execution of the MML command.

OLC

See Overload Control

OLPC

Outer Loop Power Control

OM-DBG

OM-DBG is an internal module of the SPU. It has the following functions:

• Receiving tasks sent from the BAM

• Generating filter tables

• Maintaining the task check between the BAM and the SPU

• Maintaining the message channels between the trace tasks and the LMT

• Informing the traffic processing module of the change of trace tasks

• Providing message channels from the traffic processing module to the BAM or LMT

• Providing interfaces for reporting data messages of the traffic module

• Providing interfaces for flow control

OMC

See Operation and Maintenance Center

OMIP

IP Address of Operation and Maintenance

OMUa

RNC Operation and Maintenance Unit REV:a

Operating System

The software that controls the allocation and usage of hardware resources.

Operation and Maintenance Center

An Operations and Maintenance Centre is an element within a network management system responsible for the operations and maintenance of a specific element or group of elements. For example an OMC-Radio may be responsible for the management of a radio subsystem where as an OMC-Switch may be responsible for the management of a switch or exchange. However, these will in turn be under the control of a NMC (Network Management Centre) which controls the entire network.

OPEX

Operating Expenditure

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor

Orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) is an implementation of Code division multiple access (CDMA) where before each signal is transmitted, the spectrum is spread through the use of a user's code.

OS

See Operating System

OS tracing

OS tracing is used to trace the messages inside the Operating System (OS).

OTDOA

Observed Time Difference Of Arrival

Overbooking

An engineering method of improving the usage of resources

Overload Control

A means to restrict reverse analog control channel accesses by mobile stations. Mobile stations are assigned one (or more) of sixteen control levels.

OVSF

See Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor

PP-TMSI

See Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

PA

Power Amplifier

Packet Control Unit

The Packet Control Unit is a device found within a GPRS network which is logically associated with a BSC (Base Station Controller). The PCU is responsible for the radio related aspects of GPRS when connected to a GSM network and lies between the BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node).

Packet Data Convergence Protocol

Packet Data Convergence Protocol is used in UMTS to format the data into a suitable structure prior to transfer over the air interface.

Packet Data Serving Node

A Packet Data Serving Node is responsible for the establishment, maintenance and termination of a PPP (Point to Point Protocol) session towards the MS (Mobile Station). It may also assign dynamic IP addresses in addition to supporting Mobile IP functionality. It provides a similar function to the GSN (GPRS Support Nodes) found in GSM and UMTS networks.

Packet stream

A sequence of packets that have similar headers and share a context.

Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

Used as a shorter, more private, mobile identifier. Identifies the system that assigned it, and not directly the MS.Packet-TMSI is allocated by the SGSN and used for GPRS access only.

Page Indicator Channel

A fixed rate (SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Page Indicators (PI).

PAMU

PAMU

Patch

A patch is composed of one or more changes. After the patch is loaded, some original programs are affected. The realization of the patch technology depends on the patch facture tool first. The patch file is generated based on the target codes created by the compilation of source codes modified by functions. The patch module operates the patch file and implements the management of the patch. Patches have two kinds, that is, hot patches and cold patches. The difference between the hot patches and the cold patches are that the cold patches must load whole software programs. Hot patches can be installed independently and need not install all the system again. Cold patches, however, need install the software of boards again. The upgrade procedure for the cold patches is identical to some software upgrade procedures. The following two patches are describes as follows:

• Hot patches, Hot patches are added to the existing version. The hot patches are independent of the server, Install program, or file copying. Thus, the hot patches are software program entities that are installed and uninstalled independently.

• Cold patches, For some errors that are difficult to modify through the hot patches, you have to load the software of boards again. In this situation, you can use cold patches to solve this problem.

PBR

Provided Bit Rate

PC

Personal Computer

PCA

Power Control Algorithm

PCCPCH

Primary Common Control Physical Channel

PCH

Paging Channel

PCI

Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCM

See Pulse Coded Modulation

PCPICH

Physical Common Pilot Channel

PCU

See Packet Control Unit

PDCP

See Packet Data Convergence Protocol

PDF

See Power Distribution Frame

PDH

See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDSCH

See Physical Downlink Shared Channel

PDSN

See Packet Data Serving Node

PDU

See Protocol Data Unit

Periodical granularity

Intervals between flow control decisions

PEUa

RNC 32-port Packet over E1/T1/J1 Interface Unit REV:a

Phase-locked Loop

A circuit that consists essentially of a phase detector which compares the frequency of a voltage-controlled oscillator with that of an incoming carrier signal or reference-frequency generator; the output of the phase detector, after passing through a loop filter, is fed back to the voltage-controlled oscillator to keep it exactly in phase with the incoming or reference frequency.

Physical Downlink Shared Channel

The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is used to carry the downlink shared transport channel. This channel carries control information for several users that share the channel.

PICH

See Page Indicator Channel

PID

See Process Identification

Pilot pollution

Pilot pollution, i.e., too many hearable pilots, makes it difficult for SHO algorithm to perform properly, and DL transmit power as well as signaling capacity can be wasted for poor decisions and unnecessary active set updates.

Ping-pong effect

Frequent handovers between cells due to changes in signal quality or improper parameter settings

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) is a technology used in telecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digital transport equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems.

PLL

See Phase-locked Loop

PLMN

See Public Land Mobile Network

Policy A

The rate adjustment policy for BE services of the PS domain when the UE is in the CELL_DCH state. The rate can be increased or decreased.

Policy B

The rate adjustment policy for BE services of the PS domain when the UE is in the CELL_DCH state. The state of the UE can be transited to FACH at any time.

Positioning

This function is used to estimate the geographic locations of UEs.

Positioning method

Principles or algorithms that the positioning is based on.

POUa

RNC 2-port IP over channelized Optical STM-1/OC-3 Interface Unit REV:a

Power Distribution Frame

Power Distribution Frame. It is a high-current power supply in the equipment room.

Power offset attribute

Power offset between E-DPDCH power level and reference E-DPDCH power level of a given E-TFC.

Power offset is set to achieve the required QoS in this MAC-d flow when carried alone in a MAC-e PDU and subsequently in the corresponding CCTrCh of E-DCH type.

PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol

PPPMUX

PPP Multiplexing

PPPoE

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet

PQ

Priority Queue

Present rollback point

Used to set the present status of the configured data

The system automatically allocates a rollback point to record the present configuration status. When the user performs configuration forward or configuration rollback, the present rollback point changes accordingly.

Process Identification

An identification number that is automatically assigned to each process when it is created on a Unix-like operating system.

Program channel

• Corresponding to one channel of multimedia program source

• Corresponding to specific program data

• Distinguished by IP address, that is, RNC identifies programs by different destination IP addresses.

Program SDP file

SDP refers to the session description protocol.

The program SDP file stores the program data including the bandwidth and the format of the program, and the port numbers for the audio and video. The data are used for decoding and playing the program.

The SDP file is generated by the multimedia controller when the multimedia program is made. The SDP file is saved in the directory of BAM\FTP\SDP.

Protection grounding bar

A bar connecting the PGND cable of the cabinet so that the cabinet and the earth are in the same equipotential level.

Protocol Data Unit

A Protocol Data Unit comprises of data and control information which is passed between layers in a protocol stack.

PS

Packet Switched

PSTN

See Public Switched Telephone Network

Public Land Mobile Network

A Public Land Mobile Network is a generic name for all mobile wireless networks that use land based radio transmitters or base stations.

Public Switched Telephone Network

This is a general term referring to the variety of telephone networks and services.

PUC

Potential User Control

Pulse Coded Modulation

PCM is a Time-Domain Waveform coding method and is defined within CCITT G.711, and ATT 43801. Basically, an analog signal is sampled at a rate of 8000 times per second. In each sample, the amplitude of the signal is assigned (quantized) a digital value.

Push-button

Operated in a highly automatic way

PVC

Permanent Virtual Channel

QQoS

See Quality of Service

QPSK

See Quaternary Phase Shift Keying

Quality of Service

Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoS is influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability, service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.

In addition, QoS is influenced by other factors that apply to different services.

Quaternary Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) is a method for transmitting digital data across an analog channel. Data bits are grouped into pairs and represented by a unique waveform, called a symbol. Data may be simulated with a pseudo-noise sequence generator.

Quintet, UMTS authentication vector

Temporary protocol of authentication and key, which enables UMTS AKA function for a certain user in a VLR/SGSN. A quintet consists of five elements: Random Number (RAND), Expected Response (XRES), Cipher Key (CK), Integrity Key (IK), and Authentication Token (AUTN).

Parent topic: Glossary

RR98-

A network node or ME that conforms to R97 or R98 specifications

R99 + ME capable of UMTS AKA

Either an R99 + UMTS only ME, an R99 + GSM/UMTS ME, or an R99 + GSM only ME that supports USIM-ME interface

R99 + ME incapable of UMTS AKA

An R99 + GSM only ME that does not support USIM-ME interface

R99 cell

The cells in which the HSDPA related resources are not configured.

R99+

A network node or ME that conforms to specifications of R99 or later releases

RA

See Routing Area

RAB

See Radio Access Bearer

RAB index

A number defined by the RNC for a traffic class supported by the RNC

RACH

Random Access Channel

Radio Access Bearer

Term used in UMTS to identify the service the AS (Access Stratum) provides to the NAS (Non Access Stratum) for transfer of user data between the UE (User Equipment) and the CN (Core Network).

Radio Access Network

The Radio Access Network performs the radio functionality of the network, as well providing the connection to the CN (Core Network). The RAN typically includes a controller (RNC (Radio Network Controller) in 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) and BSC (Base Station Controller) in 3GPP2 (Third Generation Partnership Project 2) and several transmitter/receivers (Node B in 3GPP, BTS (Base Transceiver Station) in 3GPP2).

Radio Access Network Application Part

Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) is the Radio Network Layer signaling protocol used in a UMTS system on the Iu interface. It is responsible for function including the setting up of a RAB (Radio Access Bearer) between the CN (Core Network) and the RNC (Radio Network Controller).

Radio Access Technology

This indicates the type of radio technology to access the CN (Core Network). Example technologies being UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access), CDMA2000®, DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Technology), GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) etc.

Radio Bearer

The service provided by the Layer 2 for the transfer of user data between UE (User Equipment) and UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).

Radio Link Control

Radio Link Control (RLC) is a link-layer protocol that is responsible for error recovery and flow control.

Radio Network Controller

This equipment in the RNS is in charge of controlling the use and the integrity of the radio resources.

Radio Network System

The UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) consists of one or more RNS (Radio Network Subsystem). Each RNS control the allocation and the release of specific radio resources to establish a connection between a UE (User Equipment) and the UTRAN.

Radio Network Temporary Identifier

A Radio Network Temporary Identifier is a generic term of an identifier for a UE when an RRC connection exists. Following types of RNTI are defined: Cell RNTI (C-RNTI), Serving RNC RNTI (S-RNTI) and UTRAN RNTI (U-RNTI).

Radio Resource

The resource in radio communication, including the frequncy, time, code, power, space, storage, and links

Radio Resource Control

RRC sublayer executes the integrity protection of both RRC-level and higher layer signalling, by using Integrity Algorithm f9 under the control of the Integrity Key IK (128bits) established during the AKA procedure.

Radio Resource Management

Algorihtm of optimization of the air interface and hardware resources

RAI

See Routing Area Identity

RAN

See Radio Access Network

RANAP

See Radio Access Network Application Part

RAND

See Random Number

Random Number

A number selected from a known set of numbers in such a way that each number in the set has the same probability of occurrence. This is typically used in the authentication and ciphering process.

RAT

See Radio Access Technology

RB

See Radio Bearer

RBR

RNC Business Rack

RBS

RNC Business Subrack

Real Time Streaming Protocol

The RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) is a client-server application-level protocol for controlling the delivery of data with real-time properties. It establishes and controls either a single or several time-synchronized streams of continuous media, such as audio and video. It uses transport protocols such as UDP, multicast UDP, TCP, and RTP to deliver the continuous streams. In other words, RTSP acts as a "network remote control" for multimedia servers. Sources of data can include both live data feeds and stored clips.

Real Time Variable Bit Rate

Describes services with variable data streams and strict real-time requirements, for example, interactive compressed video (video telephony).

Real-Time Transport Protocol

The Real time Transport Protocol is an Internet protocol standard that defines a way for applications to manage the real-time transmission of multimedia data. RTP is used for Internet telephony applications, it does not guarantee real-time delivery of multimedia data, since this is dependent on the actual network characteristics. RTP provides the functionality to manage the data as it arrives to best effect.

Received Signal Code Power

Given only signal power is received, the average power of the received signal after despreading and combining.

Received Signal Strength Indicator

The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna connector of the UE.

Redirect tracing

Redirect tracing is used to trace the print information of the serial ports on the board subsystem.

Reference cell

A main cell confirmed during a UE positioning process. Usually it is the cell the UE camps on. During soft handover, it is the cell with the best signals.

Regular header

An uncompressed header that carries neither a CID nor a generation.

Relative Time Difference

This means the relative synchronization difference in the network between two base stations.

Request For Comments

A Request for Comments is a formal document from the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). It is the result of committee drafting and subsequent review by interested parties. RFC may be informational in nature. Some RFC may be intended to become Internet standards, then the final version of the RFC becomes the standard and no further comments are permitted. Changes can still occur through subsequent RFC that supersede or build on all or parts of previous RFC.

RFC

See Request For Comments

RFN

RNC Frame Number

RL

Radio Link

RLC

See Radio Link Control

RLS

Radio Link Set

RNC

See Radio Network Controller

RNCAP

Radio Network Control Application Part

RNS

See Radio Network System

RNTI

See Radio Network Temporary Identifier

Roaming

The ability for a user to function in a serving network different from the home network. The serving network could be a shared network operated by two or more network operator.

Robustness

Robustness is the ability of a system to maintain function even with changes in internal structure or external environment.

Rollback point

Used to identify the status of the configured data

The rollback point is customized by the user or is automatically allocated by the system, which can identify the status of a configured data. Then the user is able to perform configuration forward or configuration rollback to the rollback point.

Rollback stack

A stack that stores direct and converse MML commands, which is represented with data

Routing Area

The SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) in a GPRS system will control one or more RA (Routing Area). It is the responsibility of the mobile to keep the SGSN informed as to its current RA. Routing Areas can be made up on one or more cells. Each Routing Area is given a RAI (Routing Area Identification).

Routing Area Identity

The Routing Area Identification is composed of the LAC (Location Area Code) and the RAC (Routing Area Code). It is used for paging and registration purposes.

Routing Area Update

A GPRS mobile will perform a Routing Area Update in the Ready and Standby state. The RAU is triggered when the mobile crosses a RA (Routing Area) boundary, or periodically. The time interval being set by the network. A RAU is also performed when the mobile moves from the Idle to the Standby state. This will typically happen when the mobile is powered on.

RR

See Radio Resource

RRC

See Radio Resource Control

RRC connection

A point-to-point bi-directional connection between RRC peer entities on the UE and the UTRAN sides, respectively. A UE has either zero or one RRC connection.

RRC state control

Controlling the RRC state transition with different amount of resources consumed in different states

RRM

See Radio Resource Management

RSCP

See Received Signal Code Power

RSN

Retransmission Sequence Number

RSR

RNC Switch Rack

RSS

RNC Switch Subrack

RSSI

See Received Signal Strength Indicator

RT-VBR

See Real Time Variable Bit Rate

RTD

See Relative Time Difference

RTP

See Real-Time Transport Protocol

RTSP

See Real Time Streaming Protocol

RTT

Round Trip Time

RTWP

Received Total Wideband Power

RV

Redundancy Version

RX Diversity

Receive Diversity

SS-RNTI

Serving RNC RNTI

SA

See Service Area

SAAL

See Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer

SAI

See Service Area Identifier

SAP

See Service Access Point

SCCPCH

Secondary-Common Control Physical Channel

SCSI

See Small Computer Systems Interface

SCTP

See Stream Control Transmission Protocol

SCUa

RNC GE Switching and Control Unit REV:a

SDH

See synchronous digital hierarchy

SDP

See Session Description Protocol

SDT CES

Structured Data Transfer for CES. The data in ATM AAL1 cells are assigned to some of the 32 E1 timeslots.

SDU

See Service Data Unit

Sequence number

An identifying number used to designate a block of data, an operation, or part of an operation.

Service Access Point

A conceptual point where a protocol layer offers access to its services to the layer above or below.

Service Area

A Service Area consists of one or more cells within a given LA (Location Area) and may be used to assist in the delivery of location based services.

Service Area Identifier

The Service Area Identifier is used to identify an area consisting of one or more cells belonging to the same LA (Location Area). Such an area is called a Service Area and can be used for indicating the location of a UE (User Equipment) to the CN (Core Network). The SAC (Service Area Code) together with the PLMN-Id (Public Land Mobile Network Identifier) and the LAC (Location Area Code) will constitute the Service Area Identifier. SAI = PLMN-Id + LAC + SAC.

Service Data Unit

Data transferred between adjacent layers in the protocol stack.

Service Factor

Huawei RNC provides OMC configurable parameters Service Factor for Iub overbooking. This factor can be configured for RRC signaling, AMR Voice, CS data, and PS data separately by MML.

Service Level Agreement

Service Level Agreement (SLA) refers to an agreement signed by and between the customer and the Service Provider (SP) which stipulates the privilege of the service that the customer subscribes when the traffic of the service is transmitted on the SP's network.

Service Management Access Protocol

The SMAP is the client side of the SMS. It falls into two types: the central equipment room part, and the business terminal management part. The central equipment room part can implement integrated maintenance operation such as service management, system datasheet management and network configuration management. The business terminal SMAP can provide the management operations specific to the service data.

Serving E-DCH cell

A cell from which the UE receives absolute grants from the NodeB scheduler. A UE has one serving E-DCH cell.

Serving E-DCH RLS or serving RLS

A set of cells that contains at least one serving E-DCH cell and from which the UE can receive one relative grant and combine it with others. The UE has only one serving E-DCH RLS.

Serving GPRS Support Node

The Serving GPRS Support Node keeps track of the location of an individual MS (Mobile Station) and performs security functions and access control. The SGSN also exists in a UMTS network, where it connects to the RNC (Radio Network Controller) over the Iu-PS interface.

Serving Mobile Location Center

The SMLC is either a separate network element or integrated functionality in the BSC (Base Station Controller) that contains the functionality required to support LCS (LoCation Services). The SMLC manages the overall co-ordination and scheduling of resources required for the location of a mobile. It also calculates the final location estimate and estimates the achieved accuracy.

Serving Radio Network Controller

When a RNC (Radio Network Controller) has a RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection with a UE (User Equipment), it is known as the SRNC for that UE. The SRNC is responsible for the users mobility within the UTRAN and is also the point of connection towards the CN (Core Network).

Serving Radio Network System

It provides a connection to UTRAN for each UE. The SRNS is in charge of the radio connection between a UE and the UTRAN.

Session Description Protocol

SDP provides a format for describing the session information such as interfaces where the media must terminate and the type of media formats that can be supported. SDP is normally transported as the message body in the SIP methods already discussed. The structure of the protocol is based around the session and media streams that will be supported in the session. Consequently some of the SDP information relates to the overall session, and is known as session level parameters. This information may include the originator of the session and the time it will commence. The media level parameters on the other hand relate to the individual media streams and include information such as media types, transport protocols and port numbers.

Set of controllable AMR codec modes

The set consists of the AMR codec modes that are contained in the set of supported AMR codec modes and are equal to or larger than the guaranteed bit rate. The modes in this set can be selected by AMRC algorithm.

Set of supported AMR codec modes

The set consists of all the AMR codec modes that can be used for the service transport. The set is decided by the RNC according to the mode set specified by the RAB assignment.

SF

See Spreading Factor

SFN

See System Frame Number

SGSN

See Serving GPRS Support Node

Shared Network Area

A Shared Network Area (SNA) consists of one or more location areas. Different SNAs can be overlapped.

A specified UE can only get services in the SNA that allows that UE to connect. In this situation, the access control for specified UEs can be enabled by the system.

SHO

See Soft HandOver

Short Message Service

The Short Message Service was introduced in the first phase of GSM during 1991 as a simple store and forward text messaging system. Even though nearly all GSM mobile phones were capable of supporting SMS, the take up was very limited as network operators or carriers failed to market the system. However, this has all changed with in excess of 24 Billion text messages being sent each month. A significant proportion of this rapid growth can be attributed to the inclusion of SMS into youth culture. In fact it has introduced a new “text” language to bypass the often awkward text entry or MMI (Man Machine Interface).

SIB

See System Information Block

SIB_POS

System Information Block Position

SID

See Silence Insertion Descriptor

Signal to Interference Ratio

A ratio between the wanted signal power in the channel and the interference in the channel.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

The SNR or S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).

Signaling Process Unit

A signaling processing unit is used in producing a prediction signal and comprises three prediction circuits (22, 23, 31) and a selection circuit (24) coupled to the prediction circuits.

Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer

In ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), the "SAAL (ATM Adaptation Layer for Signalling)" provides reliable transport of signalling messages between peer entities. These signalling messages are carried over a PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit).

Signaling Radio Bearer

The RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection process will establish the RB (Radio Bearer) available for usage by RRC messages on the DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) and CCCH (Common Control Channel). These Radio Bearers are identified as a SRB (Signalling Radio Bearer).

Silence Insertion Descriptor

A frame that conveys information on the acoustic background noise.

SIM

See Subscriber Identity Module

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol which facilitates the transfer of electronic-mail messages, specifies how two systems are to interact, and the format of messages used to control the transfer of electronic mail.

Simple Network Management Protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol is part of the TCP/IP suite and is used to control and manage IP gateways and other network functions.

SIR

See Signal to Interference Ratio

SIWF

See The Shared InterWorking Function

SLA

See Service Level Agreement

Small Computer Systems Interface

Small Computer Serial Interface is a standard for computer system communication. Commonly used for storage devices and scanners, SCSI is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard

SMAP

See Service Management Access Protocol

SMLC

See Serving Mobile Location Center

SMS

See Short Message Service

SMTP

See Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SN

See Sequence number

SNA

See Shared Network Area

SNMP

See Simple Network Management Protocol

SNR

See Signal-to-Noise Ratio

SNTP

Simple Network Time Protocol

Soft HandOver

Soft handover is a category of handover procedures where the radio links are added and abandoned in such manner that the UE always keeps at least one radio link to the UTRAN.

Softer handover

A form of handover applicable to CDMA-based networks where the system hands over from one sector of a base station to another using a different spreading code. As it is less complicated than soft handover it is given the name, softer handover.

Source RNC

RNC initiating an SRNS relocation

Source RNS

RNS initiating an SRNS relocation

Space Time Transmit Diversity

An open loop multi-antenna transmission method adopted in 3G standard. This technique uses the space-time block code at the basestation to combat deep channel fading.

Special Service Connect Orient Protocol

In the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) signalling layers, SSCOP provides mechanisms for the establishment and release of connections and the reliable exchange of signalling information between signalling entities.

Special Service Coordinate Function

In the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) signalling layer the SSCF maps the requirements of the layer above to the requirements of SSCOP (Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol).

Spreading Factor

In a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system, the number of chips per data symbol is called the SF (Spreading Factor). The lower the spreading factor the higher the data rate.

SPU

See Signaling Process Unit

SPUa

RNC Signaling Processing Unit REV:a

SQL

See Structured Query Language

SRB

See Signaling Radio Bearer

SRNC

See Serving Radio Network Controller

SRNS

See Serving Radio Network System

SSCF

See Special Service Coordinate Function

SSCOP

See Special Service Connect Orient Protocol

STM-1

See Synchronous Transport Mode-1

Stream Control Transmission Protocol

Streaming Control Transmission Protocol is a reliable transport protocol operating on top of IP. It provides acknowledged error free non duplicated transfer of data. STCP also detects data corruption, loss of data and duplication of data by using checksums and sequence numbers. A selective retransmission mechanism is applied to correct loss or corruption of the data.

Structured Query Language

A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relational database.

STTD

See Space Time Transmit Diversity

Sub-board

A small board attached to the main board to provide certain functions. There are several types of sub-boards: optical sub-board, E1/T1 sub-board, and clock sub-board. Optical sub-board enables access of optical cables. E1/T1 sub-board enables access of E1/T1 cables. Clock sub-board enables access of timing signals.

Subheader

An IPv6 base header, an IPv6 extension header, an IPv4 header, a UDP header, or a TCP header.

Subheader chain

A chain of subheaders.

Subnet

A large network can be divided into a number of smaller networks according to a rule, for example, according to different districts. This facilitates the management of the large network. In the topology view, this type of a smaller network is termed subnet.

Subscriber Identity Module

Usually referred to as a SIM card, the SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is the user subscription to the mobile network. The SIM contains relevant information that enables access onto the subscripted operator’s network.

Supplementary service

A service which modifies or supplements a basic telecommunication service. Consequently, it cannot be offered to a user as a standalone service. It must be offered together with or in association with a basic telecommunication service. The same supplementary service may be common to a number of basic telecommunication services.

Support

A part used to support and fix a cabinet on the antistatic floor

Switchover

The operation to transfer the control right from one node to another.

The switchover is of two types: the automatic switchover and the manual switchover.

See explanations as follows:

Automatic switchover: When the standby node works properly and the active node remains faulty for more than five minutes, the standby node is automatically switched over to work in the active mode.

Manual switchover: When both the active and the standby nodes work properly, operators can forcibly switch over the nodes.

synchronous digital hierarchy

The SDH is a hierarchical set of digital transport structures, standardized for the transport of suitably adapted payloads over physical transmission networks.

Synchronous Transport Mode-1

Synchronous Transfer Mode at 155 Mbit/s.

System Frame Number

The system frame number is used to uniquely identify a random access.

System Information Block

The system information elements are broadcast in system information blocks. A system information block groups together system information elements of the same nature.

TTandem Free Operation

Tandem Free Operation is the configuration of a connection with two transcoders that support the TFO protocol and whose external coding schemes are compatible, thus enabling compressed speech to pass between them.

Target RNC

RNC serving as the target of SRNS relocation

Target RNS

RNS serving as the target of SRNS relocation

TCA

Traffic Conditioning Agreement

TCP

See Transfer Control Protocol

Telecommunication Management Network

The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-T for managing open systems in a communications network.

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

A temporary mobile station identification assigned by the MSC. It is stored in the VLR and the SIM and used by the MS to originate and receive calls.

TF restriction

A procedure for changing the TFmax of the transport format set based on the rate restriction coefficient.

TF restriction times

The number of attempts that TF restriction can be performed

TFC

See Transport Format Combination

TFCI

See Transport Format Combination Indicator

TFCS

See Transport Format Combination Set

TFI

See Transport Format Indicator

TFO

See Tandem Free Operation

TFRC

Transport Format and Resource Combination

TFRC selection

Selection of an appropriate transport format and resource for the data to be transmitted on HS-DSCH.

The Shared InterWorking Function

Shared InterWorking Function (SIWF) is a network function that provides interworking for data/fax calls. SIWF consists of a SIWF Controller (SIWFC) functionality located in MSCs and SIWF Server(s) (SIWFS) located in the PLMN. An SIWFS contains IWF capabilities. An SIWFS can be accessed by several other network nodes e. g. any MSC in the same PLMN.

THP

Traffic Handling Priority

threshold

The threshold defines the allowable warp range between the actual counter value and the history average value of the counter.

Time Of Arrival

The reference point for signal arrival time, TOA (Time Of Arrival) is defined as the start point of a time slot. Used for LCS (LoCation Services), and similar to E-OTD (Enhanced - Observed Time Difference) in that the time difference of the signal arriving at different base stations is used to calculate the location of a mobile device. The difference between TOA and

E-OTD is that no overlay network is needed for TOA. Mobile networks are currently do not employ these procedures instead cells are synchronized using a common timing reference.

Time Switched Transmit Diversity

Time Switched Transmit Diversity (TSTD) is a technique utilizing multiple transmit stations to originate the downlink signal and improve performance. The transmit station used is determined by a fixed selection pattern similar to frequency hopping.

Timeslot cross function

A function that enables crossing of E1/T1 timeslots on the Physical Medium sublayer of the physical layer so as to provide an exchange path between transport devices. For example, timeslots 2, 3, 4, and 5 can be crossed to timeslots 12, 13, 14, and 15 through this function.

TMN

See Telecommunication Management Network

TMSI

See Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

TNL

Transport Network Layer

TOA

See Time Of Arrival

TOW

Time Of Week

TPC

See Transmit Power Control

Transcoder & Rate Adaptor Unit

This is an entity that performs a transcoding function for speech channels and RA (Rate Adaptation) for data channels.

Transfer Control Protocol

The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data messages into packets to be sent via IP (Internet Protocol), and the reassembly and verification of the complete messages from packets received by IP.

Transmit Power Control

Transmit Power Control is a technical mechanism used within some networking devices in order to prevent too much unwanted interference between different wireless networks (e.g. the owner's network and the neighbour's network).

Transport Format Combination

A Transport Format Combination is defined as the combination of currently valid Transport Formats on all Transport Channels of an UE, i.e. containing one Transport Format from each Transport Channel.

Transport Format Combination Indicator

A Transport Format Combination Indicator is a representation of the current Transport Format Combination.

Transport Format Combination Set

A Transport Format Combination Set is defined as a set of Transport Format Combinations to be used by an UE.

Transport Format Indicator

A label for a specific Transport Format within a Transport Format Set.

TRAU

See Transcoder & Rate Adaptor Unit

TrFO

Transcoder Free Operation

Triplet, GSM authentication vector

Temporary protocol data of authentication and key ,which enables GSM AKA function for a particular user in a VLR/SGSN. A triplet consists of three elements: Random Number (RAND), Signed Response (SRES), and Ciphering Key (Kc).

TRM

Transmission Resource Management

TSN

Transmission Sequence Number

TSTD

See Time Switched Transmit Diversity

TVM

Traffic Volume Measurement

TX Diversity

Transmit Diversity

UUBR

See Unspecified Bit Rate

UBR+

Unspecified Bit Rate Plus

UDP

See User Datagram Protocol

UDT CES

Unstructured Data Transfer for CES. The data in ATM AAL1 cells are assigned to the 32 E1 timeslots except timeslot 0 and timeslot 16.

UE

See User Equipment

UE tracing

The UE tracing consists of the following two types:

• UE tracing (on the user plane and the signaling plane) This task is performed to trace the call-related information of a specified UE on the signaling plane and on the user plane during a call.

• UE tracing (standard interface) This task is performed to trace signaling messages of a specified UE over Iu, Iur, Iub, and Uu interfaces during a call.

UEA

UMTS Encryption Algorithm

UIA

UMTS Integrity Algorithm

UL

See Uplink

Ultimate rollback point

A point automatically allocated by the system to identify the ultimate state that the configured data can stay.

The ultimate rollback point is applied to only the configuration forward function.

UM

See Unacknowledged Mode

UMTS

See Universal Mobile Telecommunications System/Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services

UMTS security context

A state established between a UE and a serving network domain as a result of the execution of UMTS AKA. In this state, both sides store UMTS security context data. The data consists of at least UMTS CK, IK and key set identifier (KSI). When CK or IK is converted into Kc to work in a GSM BSS, both sides remain in the UMTS security context state.

Unacknowledged Mode

The unacknowledged mode is utilized for transfers of cell broadcast messages or for transfers of certain RRC messages.

UNI

See User-Network Interface

UNI mode

In UNI mode, an ATM cell is directly carried on a E1/T1 and the bits of the ATM cell are sequentially mapped to the valid timeslots on the E1/T1.

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System/Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services

A 3G mobile technology that will deliver broadband information at speeds up to 2Mbit s/sec. Besides voice and data, UMTS will deliver audio and video to wireless devices anywhere in the world through fixed, wireless and satellite systems.

Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

UTRAN is a conceptual term identifying that part of the network which consists of RNCs and Node Bs between Iu and Uu interfaces.

Universal Time Coordinates

The basis for coordinated distribution of time signals, counted from 0000 at midnight. When an accuracy better than one second is not required, Universal Time can be used to mean UTC (Coordinated Universal Time).

Unspecified Bit Rate

No commitment to transmission. No feedback to congestion. This type of service is ideal for the transmission of IP datagrams. In case of congestion, UBR cells are discarded, and no feedback or request for slowing down the data rate is delivered to the sender.

UOIa

RNC 4-port ATM/Packet over Unchannelized Optical STM-1/OC-3c Interface unit REV:a

Uplink

An "uplink" is a unidirectional radio link for the transmission of signals from a UE to a base station, from a Mobile Station to a mobile base station or from a mobile base station to a base station.

URA

See UTRAN Registration Area

URA_PCH

An RRC connected mode where neither DCCH nor DTCH is available.

User Datagram Protocol

A communications protocol for the Internet network layer, transport layer, and session layer, which makes it possible to send a datagram message from one computer to an application running in another computer. Like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP is used with IP (the Internet Protocol). Unlike TCP, UDP is connectionless and does not guarantee reliable communication; the application itself must process any errors and check for reliable delivery.

User Equipment

A device allowing a user access to network services.

User-Network Interface

ATM Forum specification that defines an interoperability standard for the interface between ATM-based products (a router or an ATM switch) located in a private network and the ATM switches located within the public carrier networks. Also used to describe similar connections in Frame Relay networks.

USIM

User Services Identity Module

UTC

See Universal Time Coordinates

UTRAN

See Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

UTRAN Registration Area

The UTRAN Registration Area is an area covered by a number of cells. The URA is only internally known in the UTRAN.

Uu Interface

Radio interface between UTRAN and UE

VValue added services

Services other than basic telecommunications service for which additional charges may be incurred, for example, VPMN, VOD, and mobile TV

VCI

See Virtual Channel Identifier

Very Small Aperture Terminal

VSAT is a satellite communications system that serves home and business users.

Virtual Channel Identifier

The identifier in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which virtual channel the cell belongs.

Virtual IP Address

The IP address that is used by the active node for the communication between the host and the LMT.

Virtual Path Identifier

The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which VP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs.

Virtual Private Network

The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, and authenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provide remote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet.

Visitor Location Register

The Visitor Location Register contains all subscriber data required for call handling and mobility management for mobile subscribers currently located in the area controlled by the VLR.

VLAN

Virtual Local Area Network

VLR

See Visitor Location Register

VPI

See Virtual Path Identifier

VPN

See Virtual Private Network

VSAT

See Very Small Aperture Terminal

WWCDMA

See Wideband CDMA

WGS84

World Geographical System 1984

Wideband CDMA

An ITU (International Telecommunications Union) standard derived from CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) technology.

Parent topic: GlossaryXXML

See Extensible Markup Language

XRES

The abbreviation of Expected Response. In the UMTS authentication process the network sends RAND (Random Number) to the UMTS Subscriber, XRES is the value that the network is looking for to indicate a positive response.