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275 Lucas, Spielmann and Lockley, eds., 2007, Cenozoic Vertebrate Tracks and Traces. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 42. AN INDEXED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CENOZOIC VERTEBRATE TRACKS H. GREGORY MCDONALD 1 , RICHARD S. WHITE 2 , MARTIN G. LOCKLEY 3 AND GEORGE E. MUSTOE 4 1 Park Museum Management Program, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525; 2 International Wildlife Museum, 4800 West Gates Pass Road, Tucson, AZ 85745; 3 Dinosaur Tracks Museum, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO 80217 USA; 4 Geology Department MS 9080, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 Abstract—A bibliography of 584 references describing Cenozoic or Holocene vertebrate tracks and trackways with a world-wide distribution is presented. We have analyzed the reports by decade; there has been a steady increase in the publication of such studies since the first verifiable report of a Cenozoic track in 1859. We show all described occurrences on two maps, one for the Paleocene to Miocene, and another for the Pliocene and Pleis- tocene, with map symbols for each Epoch. We provide an extensive cross-index by categories of age, geographical location and taxa. Finally, we list all described Cenozoic vertebrate ichnotaxa known to us. INTRODUCTION The earliest report of Cenozoic vertebrate tracks that we have been able to locate is Desnoyer’s report of giant bird tracks from the Late Eocene gypsum beds in the vicinity of Paris, France (Desnoyers 1859; reference 148 herein). Since that time, Cenozoic tracks and trackways have taken a backseat to Mesozoic occurrences, with dinosaurs, other reptiles and amphibians receiving more attention than their later mamma- lian and avian counterparts. Nevertheless, there has been a steady in- crease in scientific publications dealing with Cenozoic tracks since then, with 140 publications appearing so far in the current decade (Fig. 1). The curve shows a steady increase, with just two anomalies. There is a significant increase above the curve in the decade beginning in 1880, which is based almost entirely on just two localities – the Carson City, Nevada Pleistocene track site (66, 117, 144, 185, 207, 283, 284, 285, 323) and the discovery of Holocene human footprints in Nicaragua (19, 81, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 237, 326, 420). For the dip in the decade beginning in 1970 we have no explanation. The number of references for each epoch increases with time (Fig. 2). There are only 8 (2%) citations for the Paleocene, 42 (8%) for the Eocene, 38 (7%) for the Oligocene, 86 (16%) for the Miocene, 89 (17%) for the Pliocene, 179 (33%) for the Pleistocene, and 99 (17%) for the Holocene, which is a much shorter interval relative to the others. Geographically, most of the citations are for either Europe or the United States (Fig. 3). Together, those two regions account for more than half (54%) of all references. Analyzed by class (Fig. 4), reptile or amphibian tracks are each described in less than 2% of the references, while bird tracks are de- FIGURE 1. Cenozoic track and trackway references graphed by decade. FIGURE 2. Cenozoic track and trackway references graphed by epoch. scribed in 24% of the references. Among the mammals, which together are mentioned in approximately 83% of the references, hominids are mentioned in 24%, artiodactyls in 24%, carnivores in 19%, perissodac- tyls in 11% and other groups in less than 10% each. In terms of ichnotaxa that we have been able to find, 1.0% are Amphibia, 2.0% are Reptilia, 32.7% are Aves and 64.3% are Mammalia. In the following bibliography we have endeavored to collect all references to Cenozoic, including Holocene, tracks and trackways. While we have made an effort to examine as many of these as possible, given that publications on Cenozoic tracks appear in a diverse array of journals and other publications, we do not claim that the following bibliography is complete. We were not able to locate copies of a number of the refer- ences, and have accepted them at face value, extracting what information we could from their titles or references to them in other publications. We attempted to collect data in three categories from each reference: age, geographic location and taxa reported. Because of the rather uneven reporting of these three factors in the various publications, we have kept the analysis rather coarse-grained. Age is given as the epoch, as this is available from nearly all references. A few have been listed as Neogene or Paleogene where finer definition was lacking. Geographic area is given as continent and country. Finally, we have listed the taxa given in each reference to the lowest taxonomic category mentioned. We have listed ichnotaxa when possible, but in some cases the tracks have been referred only to biological taxa and these have been listed when the information is available. We have provided a few references to field or identification guides to the tracks of modern vertebrates. Following the bibliography proper, we have provided a cross index for the three major categories of age, location and taxa. After each citation we have provided a list of the key or index words pertinent to that citation. We have also provided a list of all Cenozoic ichnotaxa of
Transcript of 34-McDonald (biblio).p65
275Lucas, Spielmann and Lockley, eds., 2007, Cenozoic Vertebrate Tracks and Traces. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 42.
AN INDEXED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CENOZOIC VERTEBRATE TRACKS
H. GREGORY MCDONALD1, RICHARD S. WHITE2, MARTIN G. LOCKLEY3 AND GEORGE E. MUSTOE4
1 Park Museum Management Program, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525;2 International Wildlife Museum, 4800 West Gates Pass Road, Tucson, AZ 85745;
3 Dinosaur Tracks Museum, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO 80217 USA;4 Geology Department MS 9080, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225
Abstract—A bibliography of 584 references describing Cenozoic or Holocene vertebrate tracks and trackwayswith a world-wide distribution is presented. We have analyzed the reports by decade; there has been a steadyincrease in the publication of such studies since the first verifiable report of a Cenozoic track in 1859. We show alldescribed occurrences on two maps, one for the Paleocene to Miocene, and another for the Pliocene and Pleis-tocene, with map symbols for each Epoch. We provide an extensive cross-index by categories of age, geographicallocation and taxa. Finally, we list all described Cenozoic vertebrate ichnotaxa known to us.
INTRODUCTION
The earliest report of Cenozoic vertebrate tracks that we havebeen able to locate is Desnoyer’s report of giant bird tracks from the LateEocene gypsum beds in the vicinity of Paris, France (Desnoyers 1859;reference 148 herein). Since that time, Cenozoic tracks and trackwayshave taken a backseat to Mesozoic occurrences, with dinosaurs, otherreptiles and amphibians receiving more attention than their later mamma-lian and avian counterparts. Nevertheless, there has been a steady in-crease in scientific publications dealing with Cenozoic tracks since then,with 140 publications appearing so far in the current decade (Fig. 1). Thecurve shows a steady increase, with just two anomalies. There is asignificant increase above the curve in the decade beginning in 1880,which is based almost entirely on just two localities – the Carson City,Nevada Pleistocene track site (66, 117, 144, 185, 207, 283, 284, 285,323) and the discovery of Holocene human footprints in Nicaragua (19,81, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 237, 326, 420). For the dip in thedecade beginning in 1970 we have no explanation.
The number of references for each epoch increases with time (Fig.2). There are only 8 (2%) citations for the Paleocene, 42 (8%) for theEocene, 38 (7%) for the Oligocene, 86 (16%) for the Miocene, 89 (17%)for the Pliocene, 179 (33%) for the Pleistocene, and 99 (17%) for theHolocene, which is a much shorter interval relative to the others.
Geographically, most of the citations are for either Europe or theUnited States (Fig. 3). Together, those two regions account for more thanhalf (54%) of all references.
Analyzed by class (Fig. 4), reptile or amphibian tracks are eachdescribed in less than 2% of the references, while bird tracks are de-
FIGURE 1. Cenozoic track and trackway references graphed by decade. FIGURE 2. Cenozoic track and trackway references graphed by epoch.
scribed in 24% of the references. Among the mammals, which togetherare mentioned in approximately 83% of the references, hominids arementioned in 24%, artiodactyls in 24%, carnivores in 19%, perissodac-tyls in 11% and other groups in less than 10% each.
In terms of ichnotaxa that we have been able to find, 1.0% areAmphibia, 2.0% are Reptilia, 32.7% are Aves and 64.3% are Mammalia.
In the following bibliography we have endeavored to collect allreferences to Cenozoic, including Holocene, tracks and trackways. Whilewe have made an effort to examine as many of these as possible, giventhat publications on Cenozoic tracks appear in a diverse array of journalsand other publications, we do not claim that the following bibliographyis complete. We were not able to locate copies of a number of the refer-ences, and have accepted them at face value, extracting what informationwe could from their titles or references to them in other publications. Weattempted to collect data in three categories from each reference: age,geographic location and taxa reported. Because of the rather unevenreporting of these three factors in the various publications, we have keptthe analysis rather coarse-grained. Age is given as the epoch, as this isavailable from nearly all references. A few have been listed as Neogene orPaleogene where finer definition was lacking. Geographic area is given ascontinent and country. Finally, we have listed the taxa given in eachreference to the lowest taxonomic category mentioned. We have listedichnotaxa when possible, but in some cases the tracks have been referredonly to biological taxa and these have been listed when the information isavailable. We have provided a few references to field or identificationguides to the tracks of modern vertebrates.
Following the bibliography proper, we have provided a crossindex for the three major categories of age, location and taxa. After eachcitation we have provided a list of the key or index words pertinent tothat citation. We have also provided a list of all Cenozoic ichnotaxa of
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FIGURE 3. Cenozoic track and trackway references graphed by continent. FIGURE 4. Cenozoic track and trackway references graphed by taxonomicclass.
FIGURE 5. Distribution of Paleocene – Miocene tracks sites. Paleocene – open circle, Eocene – solid circle, Oligocene – open square, Miocene – opentriangle.
FIGURE 6. Distribution of Plio-Pleistocene track sites. Pliocene – open circle, Pleistocene – solid circle. The map does not include Pliocene or Pleistocenesites that produced only hominid tracks.
which we are aware. It should be noted that the rigor with which ac-cepted taxonomic principals have been followed by those describingichnotaxa has varied considerably. We note in particular difficulties indetermining the actual date of description of many taxa, particularlythose described by Panin or Panin and Avram. Panin himself often citesdifferent dates as the date of description of his own taxa. We have alsonoted inconsistencies in spelling for some of the ichnotaxa even by the
original author in subsequent publications. Our spellings follow thatutilized in the original description of the taxon. No attempt has beenmade to examine possible synonymies or other changes in the taxonomyas that is beyond the scope of this paper. Our goal has been to provide ascomprehensive a list as possible with a basic index in order to facilitateand encourage future work on tracks from the Cenozoic, whether it issystematic, functional, sedimentological, paleoecological orbiostratigraphical.
277BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CENOZOIC VERTEBRATE TRACKS
1. Abbassi, N., 2005, Miocene bird track and take-off imprints in theUpper Red Formation, western Mushampa, northwest Zanjan, Iran: IranianJournal of Sciences, University of Tehran, v. 31(1), p.1-20. [Miocene; Asia,Iran; Aves, Antartichnus]
2. Abbassi, N., and Lockley, M.G., 2004, Eocene bird and mammaltracks from the Karaj Formation, Tarom Mountains, Northwestern Iran:Ichnos 11(3-4), p. 349-356. [Eocene; Asia, Iran; Aves, Iranipeda abeli, cf.Charadriipeda, Mammalia, Pantodonta (?Corophydon) or Dinocerata]
3. Abbassi, N., and Shakeri, S., 2005, Miocene vertebrate footprintsfrom the Upper Red Formation, Mushampa Area, Zanjan Province: Geo-sciences, v. 12(55): p. 1-13. Tehran. [Miocene; Asia, Iran; Aves, Culcidipedatridens Avipeda, Carnivora, Bestiopeda, Creodonta, Creodontipes,]
4. Abel, O., 1904, Wirbeltierfáhrten aus dem Flysch der Ostalpen:Verhandlunger der K. K. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, v. 15, p. 340.
5. Abel, O., 1935, Vorzeitliche Lebensspuren. Jena, p. 160-167.[Pliocene; Europe, Austria; Carnivora]
6. Agenbroad, L.D., 1984, Hot Springs, South Dakota: entrapmentand taphonomy of Columbian mammoth, in Martin P.S., and Klein, R., eds.Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution: Tucson, University ofArizona Press, p. 113-127. [Pleistocene; North America, United States,South Dakota; Proboscidea]
7. Agnew, N. and Demas, M., 1998, Preserving the Laetoli foot-prints: Scientific American v. 279(3), p. 44-55. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanza-nia; hominid]
8. Aldhouse-Green, S.H.R., Whittle, A.W.R., Allen, J.R.L., Caseldine,A.E., Culver, S.J., Day, M.H., Lundquist, J., and Upton, D., 1995, Prehis-toric human footprints from the Severn Estuary at Uskmouth and MagorPill, Gwent, Wales: Archaeologia Cambrensis v. 141, p.14-55. [Pleistocene;Europe, Wales; hominid]
9. Alf, R.M., 1959, Mammal footprints from the Avawatz Forma-tion, California: Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences v.58(1), p. 1-7. [Miocene; North America, United States, California; Camelidae,Antilocapridae, Carnivora, Canidae]
10.Alf, R.M., 1966, Mammal trackways from the Barstow Forma-tion, California:. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences v.65, p. 258-264. [Miocene; North America, United States, California;Amphicyonidae, Camelidae, Felidae]
11.Allegranzi, A. and Barolomei, G., 1956, Unghiate di orso speleonei Colli Berici (Vicenza): Annali dell’Universita di Ferrara, Sezione 9:Scienze Geologiche e Mineralogiche v. 2, p. 207-212. [Pleistocene; Europe,Italy; Ursidae]
12.Allen, J.R.L., 1989, Fossil vertebrate tracks and indenter me-chanics: Journal of the Geological Society v. 146(4), p.600-602. [General]
13.Allen, J.R.L., 1997, Subfossil Mammalian Tracks (Flandrian) inthe Severn Estuary, S.W. Britain: Mechanics of Formation, Preservationand Distribution. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences v.352(1352), p. 481-518. [Pleistocene/Holocene; Europe, England; Mam-malia]
14.Alonso, R.N., Cabajal, E., and Raskovsky, M. 1980, Hallazgo deicnitas (Aves, Charadriiformes) en el Terciario de la Puna Argentina: Actasdel Segundo Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia y PrimerCongreso Lationamericano de Paleontologia, Tomo III, Actas Congr. Ar-gent. Paleont. Bioestratigr. v. 2(3), p. 75-83. [Tertiary; South America,Argentina; Aves, Chardriiformes]
15.Ambert, P., Colomer, A., and Galant, P., 2000, Datationsmésolithiques des empreintes humaines de l’étage Cathala de la grotted’Aldène (Cesseras, Hérault): Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 331, p. 67-74. [Holocene; Europe, France; hominid]
16.Amon, R., 1933, Säugetierfährten aus dem RohrbacherKonglomerat [Mammal tracks from the Rohrbach conglomerate]:Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, v. 83(4),p. 40-42. [Miocene; Europe, Austria; Mammalia]
17.Ammaniyazov, K., Nigarov, A., and Uzakov, O., 1979, Petrifiedtraces of animals in the paleodesert: Probl. Osvoeniia Pustyn, v. 5, p.80-82.[Pleistocene; Asia, Turkmenistan; Camelidae, Bovidae, gazelles, sheep, Fe-lidae, Aves]
18.Anderson, A., 1989, Prodigious Birds: Moas and moa-hunting inprehistoric New Zealand: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 238 p.[Pleistocene/Holocene; New Zealand; Aves, moa]
19.Anonymous, 1889, The age of the Nicaragua footprints: Ameri-can Antiquarian, v. 11, p. 120-121. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua;hominid]
20.Anonymous, 1939, [South Dakota bird tracks]: Science, n.s, v.90, supplement 2332, p. 9. [Cenozoic; North America, United States, SouthDakota; Aves]
21.Anonymous, 1941, Telltale tracks: Scientific American, v. 165,p. 134.
22.Anonymous, 1960a, Geotimes, v. 5, p. 34 [Eocene; North America,United States, Utah; Mammalia]
23.Anonymous, 1960b, The Stawberry slab: Shell News, August,1960, p. 24-25. [Eocene; North America, United States, Utah; Mammalia]
24.Anonymous, 1997a, Eocene footprints discovered: WashingtonGeology, v. 25(4), p. 29. [Eocene; North America, United States, Washing-ton]
25.Anonymous, 1997b, The oldest footprints of modern humans:American Paleontologist, v. 5(3), p. 12. [Pleistocene; Africa, South Africa;hominid]
26.Anonymous, 1999, Human footprints at Chauvet Cave: Archae-ology (Sept.-Oct.), p. 18. [Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
27.Anton, M., López, G., and Santamaria, R., 1993, Estudio preliminarde la ichnofauna Miocena del yacimiento de Salinas de Anana (provincia deAlava): Comunicaciones de las IX Jornadas de Paleontologia, p. 23-28.[Miocene; Europe, Spain]
28.Anton, M., López, G.. and Santamaría, R., 1999, Observacionespreliminares sobre la locomocion de los carniveros del Mioceno Inferior delyacimiento de Salinas de Anana (Alava): Temas Geologicos-Mineros ITGE,v. 26, p. 151-155. [Miocene; Europe, Spain; Carnivora]
29.Anton, M., López, G., and Santamaría, R., 2004, Carnivoretrackways from the Miocene Site of Salinas de Añana (Alava, Spain): Ichnosv. 11(3-4), p. 371-384. [Miocene; Europe, Spain; Carnivora, Felipedalynxi, Felipeda parvula, Canipeda longigriffa]
30.Antunes, M.T., Balbino, A.C., and Ginsburg, L., 2006, MioceneMammalian footprints in coprolites from Lisbon, Portugal: Annales dePaléontologie, v. 92(1), p. 13-30. [Miocene; Europe, Portugal; Perissodactyla,Rhinoceratidae, Equidae, Anchitherium]
31.Applegate, S.P., Espinosa-Arrubarrena, L., and López-Neri, P.,1984, Las calizas litográficas de la cantera Tlayúa en Tepexi de Rodríguez,Puebla, México [The lithographic limestones of the Tlayúa quarry in Tepexide Rodriguez, Puebla, Mexico]: Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, ConvenciónGeológica Nacional 7, México D.F. Field Guide for the excursión to Tepexide Rodríguez, State of Puebla, p.1-83. [Pleistocene; North America, Mexico,Puebla; Camelidae, Felidae, Artiodactyla]
32.Aramayo, S.A., 1991, Nuevos hallazgos de icnitas en sedimentospleistocenos de la localidad de Monte Hermoso, provincia de Buenos Aires:VIII Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontogía de Vertebrados. La Rioja.Ameghiniana (Resúmes), v. 28(3-4), p. 402. [Pleistocene; South America,Argentina]
33.Aramayo, S. A., 2004, Later Quaternary paleoichnological sitesat Southern Atlantic coast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina in Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.-S., Park, S. I., and Shin, M.-K., eds. International Symposiumon Quaternary Footprints of Hominids and other Vertebrates: Jeju, Korea,Oct 9-11th 2004, p. 112-130. [Pleistocene; South America, Argentina;Machrauchenidae, Eumacrauchenichnus patachonicus, Perissodactyla,Hippedia, Camelidae, Llamaichnum guanicoe, Megalamaichnum tulipensis,Xenarthra, Mylodontidichnum rosalensis, Neomegatherichnumpehuencoensis, Cervidae, Odocoileinichnium commune, Felidae,Pehuncoichnium gracilis, Pumaeichnum biancoi, Proboscidea,Stegomastodonichnum australis]
34.Aramayo, S.A., Barros, M., Candel, C., and Vechhi, L., 2004,Mammals and bird footprints at Rio Negro Formation (Late Miocene-EarlyPliocene), Rio Negro Province, Argentina: in Buatois, L. A. and Mangano,M.G., eds., Ichnia 2004, First International Congress on Ichnology: April19-23, 2004, Museo Paleontologico Egidio Feruglio, Trelew, Patagonica,Argentina. Abstract Book: 14. [Miocene/Pliocene; South America, Argen-tina; Aves, Xenarthra, Megatherichnum oportoi, cf. Mylodontichnum]
35.Aramayo, S.A., and Manera de Bianco, T., 1987, Hallazgo de unaicnofauna continental (Pleistoceno tardío en la localidad de Pehuen-Co(partido de Coronel Rosales), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Pt. 1,
278Edentata, Litopterna, Proboscidea. Pt. 2, Carnivora, Artiodactyla y Aves:Congresso Latinoamericano Paleontologia (Bolivia), v. 1, p. 516-531, 532-547.[Pleistocene; South America, Argentina; Xenarthra, Neomega-therichnum pehuencoensis, Mylodontidichnum rosalensis, Macrauchenidae,Eumacrauchenichnus patachonicus, Proboscidea, Stegomastodonichnumaustralis]
36.Aramayo, S.A., and Manera de Bianco, T., 1990, Yacimientopaleoicnologico de Puhuen-Co, Partido de Coronel Rosales. Caracterizacionpaleoambiental: III Reunión Campo de Geología del Cuaternario Resúmes.Bahia Blanca, p. 16-17. [Pleistocene; South America, Argentina]
37.Aramayo, S.A., and Manera de Bianco, T., 1993, Nuevos hallazgosen el yacimiento paleoicnologico de Pehuen-Co, (Pleistoceno Tardio) Prov.De Buenos Aires: Pimera Reunion Argentina de Innologia, Santa Rosa, LaPampa, Argentina, 29 de Junio al. 6 de Julio de 1993 Resumen y ConferenciasInvitadas, p. 7. [Pleistocene; South America, Argentina]
38.Aramayo, S.A., and Manera de Bianco, T., 1994, Aspectos de lalocomoción de mamiferos extinguidos en base a icnitas del yacimientopaleoicnologico de Pehuen-Co (Pleistoceno Tardio), Provincia de BuenosAires. VI congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía. Trelew,Chubut. Resúmenes, p. 17. [Pleistocene; South America, Argentina]
39.Aramayo, S.A., and Manera de Bianco, T., 1996a. Edad y nuevoshallazagos de icnitas de mamiferos y Aves en el yacimiento paleoicnologicode Puhuen-Co (Pleistoceno tardio), Provincia de Buenos Aires. Argentina:Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, v. 4, p. 47-57.[Pleistocene; South America, Argentina; Aves, Rhea americana, Xenarthra,Neomegatherichnum pehuencoensis, Glyptodon, Cameldiae,Megalamaichnum tulipensis,]
40.Aramayo, S.A., and Manera de Bianco, T., 1996b, Pehuen-Co:las huellas de su pasado geológico: Ciencia y Investigación, v. 47, p. 53-56.[Pleistocene; South America, Argentina]
41.Argyll, Duke of, 1883, Metamorphic origin of granite. – Prehis-toric “Giants”: Nature, v. 17, p. 578-579. [Pleistocene, North America,Nevada, Mammalia, Xenarthra]
42.Ashley, G.M., and Liutlaus, C.M., 2002, Tracks, trails and tram-pling by large vertebrates in a Rift Valley paleo-wetland, Lowermost Bed II,Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: Ichnos, v. 9(1-2), p. 23-32. [Pleistocene; Africa,Tanzania; Mammalia]
43.Astibia, H., J. del Valle de Lersundi, and Murelaga, X., 1994,Icnitas de artiodactylos (Mammalia) del Paleogene de Olcoz (Depresion delEbro, Navarra): Estudios Geologicos, v. 50, p. 119-196. [Oligocene; Eu-rope, Spain; Entelodontidae, Entelodontipus sp.]
44.Astibia, H., Murelaga, X., Pereda-Suberbiola, X., Payros, A., BacetaJuan, I., Bandiola, A., and Bereteaga, A., 2004, Bird and mammal footprintsfrom the Tertiary of Navarre (Western Pyrenees): 32nd International Geo-logical Congress, Florence, Italy. [Eocene/Miocene; Europe, Spain; Aves,Ciconiiformes, Leptoptilostipus pyrenaicus, Charadriiformes, Artiodactyla,Entelodontidae, Entelodontipus cf. viai, Perissodactyla, equoid,Plagiolophustipus, Rhinocerotidae?]
45.Astibia, H., Suberbiola, X.P., Payros, A., Murelaga, X., Berreteaga,A., and Ignacio, J., 2007, Bird and mammal footprints from the Tertiary ofNavarre (Western Pyrenees): Ichnos, v. 14 (3&4), p. 175-184. [Eocene,Oligocene, Miocene; Europe, Spain; Aves, Leptoptilostipus pyrenaicus,Charadriipeda, Perissodactyla, Rhinoceratidae, Plagiolophustipus,Entelodontidae, Entelodontipus cf. viai]
46.Ataabadi, M.M., and Khazaee, A., 2004, New Eocene mammaland bird footprints from Birjand Area, Eastern Iran: Ichnos v. 11(3-4), p.363-370. [Eocene; Asia, Iran; Aves, Gruipeda lambrechti, Mammalia,Perissodactyla, Palaeotheriipus sarjeanti, Palaeotheriipus similimedius]
47.Avanzini, M., De Angelis, M., Mietto, P., Panarello, A. andRolandi, G., 2004, Pleistocene human footprints preserved on a zeolite-rich pyroclastic flow (Roccamanfina, Italy): 32nd International GeologicalCongress, Florence Italy, p. 598. [Pleistocene; Europe, Italy; hominid]
48.Baba, M., Matsukawa, M., Koarai, K., Hayashi, K., Okubo, A.,and Ito, M., 2000, Lets’s reanimate ancient animals based on elephanttracks for possible teaching development: Journal of Earth Science Educa-tion of Japan, v. 53, p. 269-281. (in Japanese) [Asia, Japan; Proboscidea]
49.Balme, C., 2000, Découverte d’empreintes de pas mammiferesfossiliseés dans la carrière d’argile de Triclavel, commune de Viens (Vaucluse):Courrier Scientifique du Parc Natural Régional du Luberon, no. 4, p. 90-109.[Europe, France; Mammalia]
50.Bang, P., and Dahlstrom, P., 1974, Collins Guide to Animal Tracks
and Signs: A Guide to the Tracking of All British and European Mammalsand Birds: London, Collins Sons and Co. [Modern]
51.Barlow, R.H., 1947, La Relacion de Sahuaripa de 1778: Memoriasde la Academia Mexicana de la Historia, v. 6, p. 60-89 [Pleistocene/Ho-locene; North America, Mexico, Sonora; Equidae, Cervidae, hominid]
52.Barriere, C., and Sahly, A., 1964, Les empreintes Humaines deLascaux: In Miscelanea en Homenaje a Abate H. Breuil, Barcelona, p. 173-180 [Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
53.Barry, J.C., 1987, Large carnivores (Canidae, Hyaenidae, Fel-idae) from Laetoli: in Leakey, M.D., and J. M. Harris, J.M., eds., Laetoli: APliocene Site in Northern Tanzania: Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 235-258[Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; Canidae, Hyaenidae, Felidae]
54.Bayón, C., and Politis, G., 1993, Las pisadas humanas del sitioMonte Hermosa 1 (Municipio Urbano de Monte Hermosa, Prov. De BuenosAires): Primera Reunion Argentina de Icnologia, Santa Rosa, La Pampa,Argentina, 29 de Junio a 6 de Julio, 1993, Resumen y Conferencias Invitadas:p. 8. [Pliestocene/Holocene; South America, Argentina; hominid]
55.Bayón, C., and Politis, G., 1996, Estado actual de las investi-gaciónes en el sitio Monte Hermoso 1 (Provincia de Buenos Aires):Arqueología (Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas, Facultad de Filosofia yLetras) Universidad de Buenos Aires, v. 6, p. 83-116. [Holocene; SouthAmerica, Argentina; hominid]
56.Bayón, C., and Politis, G., 1998, Pisadas humanas prehistóricasen la costa pampeana: Ciencia Hoy, v. 8(48), p.12-20. [Holocene; SouthAmerica, Argentina; hominid]
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58.Begouen, C.M., 1927, Les empreintes de pieds préhistoriques:Institut Internacional d’Anthropologie, III session, Ámsterdam, p. 323-327.
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60.Bell, K.N., and De Merlo, J.A., 1969, Some fossil bird tracks:Victoria Naturalist v. 86(5), p. 134-135 (2 plates). [Pleistocene; Australia;Aves]
61.Belperio, A.P., and Fotheringham, D.G., 1990, Geological settingof two Quaternary footprint sites, western South Australia: Australian Jour-nal of Earth Science, v. 37, p. 37-42. [Pleistocene/Holocene; Australia;macropodid, Aves, hominid]
62.Benham, W.B., 1913, Notes on footprints of the moa: Transac-tions of the New Zealand Institute, v. 45, p. 211. [Pleistocene/Holocene;New Zealand; Aves, moa]
63.Bessonnat, G., Dughi, R., and Sirugue, F., 1969, Un importantgisement d’empreintes de pas de mammiferes dans le Paleogene du basind’Apt-Forcalquier [An important mammal footprint layer in the Paleogeneof the Apt-Forcalquier basin]: Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences,Series D, v. 268(10), p. 1376-1379. [Paleogene; Europe, France; Mamma-lia]
64.Bice, D.C., 1979, Tephra correlation and the age of human foot-prints near Managua, Nicaragua: [abs]. Geological Society of America, Ab-stracts with Programs, v. 11(7), p. 388. [Pleistocene/Holocene, CentralAmerica, Nicaragua, hominid]
65.Bjork, P.R., 1976, Mammalian tracks from the Brule Formationof South Dakota: Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, v.55, p. 154-158. [Oligocene; North America, United States, South Dakota;Carnivora, Camelidae]
66.Blake, W.P., 1884, The Carson City ichnolites: Science, v. 4, p.273-276. [Pleistocene; North America, United Status, Nevada; Aves, Car-nivora, Mylodontidae, Camelidae, Equidae, Proboscidea]
67.Blanc, A.C., 1957, Un nouvel element culturel paleolithique, deprobable signification ideologique: les boulettes d’argille de la grotte de LaBasua et les boulettes de loess d’Achenheim [A new Paleolithic culturalelement of probable ideological significance: pellets of argille of the cave ofBasua and loess pellets of Achenheim]: in Absolon, K. et al., eds., MelangesPittard, p. 59-70. [Pleistocene; Europe, France; Ursidae, hominid]
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70.Böckh, J., 1902, Igazgatósági jelentés: Földt. Int. Évi Jelentése1901 – rõl, p. 28-30. [Miocene; Europe, Hungary; Aves]
71.Boehm, G., 1896, Tierfährten im Tertiär des badischen Oberlandes[Animal tracks in the Tertiary period of the upper country of Baden]:Freiberger Universitäts-Festprogram zum siebzigsten Geburtstag seinerKöniglichen Hoheit des Grossherzogs Friedrich, Freiberg i.B. und Leipzig, p.227-238. [Oligocene; Europe, Germany; Aves, Ornithoiddichnites badensis,Tapiridae]
72.Bogachev, V.V., 1958, Iskopayemyye sledy mlekopitayuschikhv Armenii [Fossil Mammal Tracks from Armenia]: Priroda, v. 12, p. 122.[Asia, Armenia; Mammalia]
73.Bonaparte, J.F., 1965, Nuevas icnitas de la Quebrada del Yeso (LaRioja). Reconsideración de la edad de los afloramientos: Acta GeológicaLillloana, v. 7, p. 5-16. [Miocene; South America, Argentina; Aves]
74.Bouchner, M., 1982, Der kosmos-spurenführer: Artia, Praha.,272 p. [Modern]
75.Boucher, M., 1998, Animal Tracks. Prague, Aventium PublishingHouse. [Modern]
76.Bown, T.M., 1982, Ichnofossils and rhizoliths of the nearshorefluvial Jebel Qatrani Formation (Oligocene) Fayum province, Egypt: Pa-leogeography Paleoclimatology Paleoecology, v. 40(4), p. 255-309. [Oli-gocene; Africa, Egypt]
77.Brady, L.F., and Seff, P., 1959, “Elephant Hill”: Plateau, v. 31, p.80-82. [Pliocene; North America, United States, Arizona; Proboscidea]
78.Brady, L.F., and Seff., P., 1960, Note [on “Elephant Hill”]: Pla-teau, v. 32, p. 88. [Pliocene; North America, United States, Arizona;Proboscidea]
79.Bräm, H., 1954, Fahrten von Wirbeltieren aus der subalpinenMolasse des Bergsturzgebietes von Goldau [Tracks from vertebrate animalsin the subalpinen Molasse of the area of Goldau]: Ecologae GeologicaeHelvetiae, v. 7(2), p. 406-417. [Miocene; Europe, Switzerland; Chelonia,Aves, Rhinoceratidae]
80.Brand, L.R., 1996, Variations in salamander trackways resultingfrom substrate differences: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70(6), p. 1004-1010. [North America, United States, California, Arizona; Urodela, Tarichatorosa]
81.Brinton, D.G., 1887, On an ancient human footprint from Nica-ragua: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, p. 437-444.[Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
82.Brown, R.W., 1947, Fossil plants and human footprints in Nica-ragua: Journal of Paleontology, v. 21(1), p. 38-40. [Holocene; CentralAmerica, Nicaragua; hominid]
83.Breed, W.J., 1973, New avian fossils from the Bidahochi Forma-tion (Pliocene), Arizona, in Fassett, J. E., ed., Cretaceous and TertiaryRocks of the southern Colorado Plateau: Four Corners Geological SocietyGuidebook, p. 144-147. [Pliocene; North America, United States, Arizona;Aves, Camelidae]
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85.Bromley, R.G., 2001b, Ichnofabrics in Pleistocene aeolianites,Mallorca, Western Mediterrenean, produced by ruminant goats: new results.Abstracts, 6th International Ichnofabric Workshop, Venezuela, July 2001.[Pleistocene; Europe, Mallorca; Myotragus]
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91.Brustur, T., 2003, Ichnological Romanian priorities: Proceedingsof the Romanian Academy, Series B: Chemistry, Life Sciences and Geo-sciences, v. 5(3), p. 121-122. [Europe, Romania; Aves, Charadriipeda mi-nor, Charadriipeda recurvirostroidea, Charadriipeda minima,Charadriipeda disjuncta, Charadriipeda becassi, Anatipeda anas, Gruipedaintermedia, Gruipeda maxima, Ardiepeda aegretta, Ardiepeda gigantes,Ardiepeda incerta, Felidae, Felipeda felis, Felipeda lynxi, Canidae, Canipedalongigriffa, Proboscidea, Proboscipeda enigmatica]
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97.Cabral-Perdomo, M.A., 2000, Pleistocene vertebrate tracks andtraces from the Pie de Vaca Formation: Guide Book of the Field Trips,Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Annual Meeting, 2000, p. 115-119.[Pleistocene; North America, Mexico, Puebla; Aves, Camelidae, Felidae,Proboscidea]
98.Cabral-Perdomo, M.A., and Applegate, S.P., 1991a, Preliminaryreport of large fossil mammals from the Pie de Vaca formation in Tepexi deRodríguez, Puebla, México. First record of this kind of ichnofossils in México:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 11(3), p. 19A. [Pleistocene; NorthAmerica, Mexico, Puebla; Mammalia]
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100. Cadee, G.V., 1990, Feeding traces and bioturbation by birds on atidal flat, Dutch Wadden Sea: Ichnos, v. 1, p. 23-30. [Holocene; Europe,Netherlands; Aves]
101. Casamiquela, R., 1974, El bipedismo de los megaterioides. Estudiode pisadas fósiles en la formación Río Negro típica: Ameghiniana, v. 11, p.249-282. [Pliocene; South America, Argentina; Xenarthra, Megatherichnumoportoi]
102. Casamiquela, R., 1983, Pisadas del Pleistoceno (Superior ?) delbalneario Monteo Hermoso, Buenos Aires. La confirmación del andar bipe-dal en los Megaterioides: Cuadernos del Instituto Superior :Juan XXIII” v. 4,p. 1-15. [Pleistocene; South America, Argentina; Xenarthra, Acugnaichnusdorregoensis, Iribarbichnum megamericanum]
103. Casamiquela, R.M., and Chong Diaz, G., 1975, Icnitas (Mam-malia, Equidae?) en rocas dei Plio-Plesitoceno de la costa Prov. deAntofagasta, Chile: Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía,Actas, v. 1(2), p. 87-103. [Pliocene/Pleistocene; South America, Chile;Equidae?]
104. Casanovas-Cladellas, L., and Santafé-Llopis, J.V., 1974, Notasobre el hallazgo de icnitas de mamíferos en el Terciario catalan: Acta
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105. Casanovas-Cladellas, L., and Santafé-Llopis, J.V., 1983,Icnofauna oligocena de Agramunt (Lérida, España): Acta GeologicaHispanica, v. 17(1-2), p. 113-119. [Oligocene; Europe, Spain; Aves,Suiformes]
106. Casteret, N., 1948, The footprints of prehistoric man: vividnew evidence of our ancestors of fifteen thousand years ago: IllustratedLondon News: p. 110, 408-409. [Pleistocene; Europe, France; Ursidae,Hyaenidae, hominid]
107. Cerveri, D., 1964, Giant Footprint Mystery: The Nevadan, 11-29-64, p. 24. [Pleistocene; North America, Nevada; Xenarthra, sloth]
108. Chaffee, R.G., 1942, Investigations of the Oligocene fossilfaunas and stratigraphy of the Hot Creek Basin, Wyoming and adjacentregion: American Philosophical Society Yearbook, 1941, p. 112-113. [Oli-gocene; North America, Wyoming; Mammalia]
109. Chaffee, R.G., 1943, Mammal footprints from the White RiverOligocene: Notulae Naturae, Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia,116, p. 1-13. [Oligocene; North America, United States, Wyoming;Brontotheridae, Brontops?, Rhinocerotidae, Entelodontidae, Dinohyus?,Camelidae]
110. Charteris, J., Wall, J.C., and Nottrodt, J.W., 1981, Functionalreconstruction of gait from Pliocene hominid footprints at Laetoli, north-ern Tanzania: Nature, v. 290(5806), p. 496-498. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanza-nia; hominid]
111. Charteris, J., Wall, J.C., and Nottrodt, J.W., 1982, Pliocenehomind gait: New interpretations based on available footprint data fromLaetoli: American Journal of Physical Anthropology, v. 58(2), p. 133-141.[Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
112. Chishniakov, A.V., 1954, [New traces of vertebrates in theLower Miocene of the Carpathian region] Geologicheskiy Sbornik IjwowGeol. Ossch., v. 1, p. 177-179 [Miocene; Europe]
113. Clarke, R.J., 1979, Early hominid footprints from Tanzania: inPygmy chimpanzees and early hominids. South African Journal of Science,v. 75(4), p. 148-149. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
114. Clercq, S.W.G. de, and Holst, H.K.H., 1971, Footprints of birdsand sedimentary structures from the subalpine molasse near Fluhli (Cantonof Luzern): Eclogae Geologicae Helvetia, v. 64(1), p. 63-69. [Oligocene;Europe, Switzerland; Aves]
115. Cohen, A., Lockley, M.G., Halfpenny, J., and Michel, E., 1991,Modern vertebrate track taphonomy at Lake Manyara, Tanzania: Palaios,v. 6(4), p. 371-389. [Holocene; Africa, Tanzania]
116. Cohen, A., Halfpenny, J., Lockley, M.G., and Michel, E., 1993,Modern vertebrate tracks from Lake Manyara, Tanzania and theirpaleobiological Implications. Paleobiology, v. 19(4), p. 443-458. [Holocene;Africa, Tanzania]
117. Cope, E.D., 1883, The Nevada biped tracks: American Natural-ist (January), p. 69-70. [Pleistocene; North America, United Status, Ne-vada; Xenarthra, Mylodontidae]
118. Costeur, L., and Guérin, C., 2001, Les pistes et empreintes deMammifères de l’Oligocène ancien de Viens (Vaucluse). Courrier Scientifiquedu Parc Naturel Régional du Luberon, v. 5, p. 74–89. [Oligocene; Europe,France; Mammalia]
119. Covacevich, C.V., and Lamperin, C.R., 1969, Nota sobre elhallazgo de icnitas fosiles de Aves en Peninsula Fildes, Isla Rey Jorge, Shet-land del Sur, Antartica: Instituto Antartico Chileno Boletin, v. 4, p. 26-28[Oligocene, Miocene; Antarctica; Aves]
120. Covacevich, C.V. and Lamperein, C.R., 1970, Hallazgo de icnitasde Penínula fildes, Isla rey Jorge, Archipiélago Shetland del Sur, Antártica:Instituto Antarctico Chileno, ser. Cientifíca, v. 1, p. 55-74. [Oligocene,Miocene; Antarctica; Aves, Antarctichnus fuenzalidae]
121. Covacevich, C.V., and Lamperin, C.R., 1972, Ichnites fromFildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands: Antarctic Ge-ology and Geophysics, International Union Geological Science, Ser. B, v. 1,p. 71-74. [Oligocene, Miocene; Antarctica; Aves]
122. Covacevich, C.V., and Rich, P.V., 1977, New bird ichnites fromFildes Peninsula, King George Island, west Antarctica: Antarctic Geoscience3rd Symposium, Antarctic Geology and Geophysics, p. 245-254. [Oligocene,Miocene; Antarctica; Aves]
123. Cowell, R.W., Milles, A., and Roberts, G., 1993, Prehistoricfootprints on Formby Point beach, Merseyside: in Middleton, R., ed. NorthWest Wetlands Survey, Annual Report 1993, p. 43-52. [Holocene; Europe,
England; hominid]124. Cram, L., and Fulford, M.G., 1979, Silchester tile making – the
faunal environment, in McWhirr, A., ed., Roman Brick and Tile:, Oxford:British Arhaeological Reports International Series No. 68, p. 201-109..[Holocene; Europe, England]
125. Crawford, J., 1891, Neolithic man in Nicaragua: American Ge-ologist, v. 8, p. 160-161.[Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
126. Crothers,G.M., Faulkner, C.H., Shimek, J.F., Watson, P.J., andWilley, P., 2002, Woodland cave archaeology in Eastern North America, inAnderson, D.G., and Mainfort Jr., R.C., eds., The Woodland Southeast:Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, p. 502-524. [Holocene; NorthAmerica, United States, Tennessee; hominid]
127. Curry, D.H., 1939, Tertiary and Pleistocene mammal and birdtracks in Death Valley: Geological Society America Abstracts, v. 50, p.1971-1972. [Tertiary/Pleistocene; North America, United States, Califor-nia; Aves, Mammalia]
128. Curry, D.H., 1941, Mammalian and avian ichnites in DeathValley: Geological Society America Abstracts, v. 52, p. 1979. [Tertiary/Pleistocene; North America, United States, California; Aves, Mammalia]
129. Curry, D.H., 1957, Fossil tracks of Eocene vertebrates, south-western Uinta Basin, Utah: Intermountain Association of Geologists, EighthAnnual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 144-147. [Eocene; North America,United States, Utah; Aves]
130. Czaplewski, N.J., 1990, The Verde local fauna: small vertebratefossils from the Verde Formation, Arizona: San Bernardino County MuseumAssociation Quarterly, v. 37, p. 1-39. [Pliocene; North America, UnitedStates, Arizona; Camelidae, Felidae, Tapiridae, Proboscidea]
131. Dalla Vecchia, F.M., and Rustioni, M., 1996, Mammaliantrackways in the Conglomerato de Osoppo (Udine, NE Italy) and theircontribution to its age determination: Memorie Science Geologica (Padova),v. 48, p. 221-232. [Europe, Italy; Mammalia]
132. Dalquest, W.W., 1969, Pliocene carnivores of the Coffee Ranch:Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 15, p. 1-44. [Miocene; North America,United States, Texas; Felidae, Machairodontidae, Canidae, Borophaginae]
133. Danson, E. B., 1960, Geology Department….the elephant tracksfirst reported by Major Brady… Plateau, v. 32, p. 88. [Pliocene; NorthAmerica, United States, Arizona; Proboscidea]
134. Davisson, C., and Reynolds, R.E., 1999, Occurrence of fossilmammal tracks in the Diligencia Formation, Orocopia Mountains, south-east California: San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly, v.46(2), p. 33-35. [Miocene; North America, United States, California; Ar-tiodactyla, Camelidae?]
135. Day, M.H., 1985, Hominid locomotion - from Taung to theLaetoli footprints, in Tobias, P.V., ed., Hominid Evolution: Past, Presentand Future: Alan R. Liss, Inc., p. 115-127. [Pliocene/Pleistocene; Africa,Tanzania; hominid]
136. Day, M.H., 1991, Bipedalism and prehistoric footprints. inOrigines de la bipedie chez les hominides. Cashier de Paleoanthropolgie,Paris, Editions du CRNS, p. 199-213. [hominid]
137. Day, M.H., and Wickens, E.H., 1980, Laetoli Pliocene hominidfootprints and bipedalism: Nature, v. 286, p. 385-387. [Pliocene; Africa,Tanzania; hominid]
138. Deacon, H.J., 1966, The dating of the Nahoon footprints:South African Journal of Science, v. 62, p. 111-113. [Pleistocene; Africa,South Africa; hominid]
139. Degenhardt, A., 1840, [Footprints of birds from Oiva, provinceof Socorro, Mexico]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie,und Petrefaktenkunde 1840, p. 485. [North America, Mexico; Aves] [Froma newspaper report; refers to “large birds in red sandstone in a stream bed”,and may be dinosaurian. May be New Mexico]
140. Deloison, Y., 2004, Study of the Laetoli footprints comparedwith those of modern man and ape. in Kim, J. Y., Kim, K.-S., Park, S. I., andShin, M.-K., eds., Proceedings of International Symposium of the Quater-nary Footprints of Hominids and Other Vertebrates, Namjejigun: p. 106-110. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
141. De Lumley, H., 1969, A Palaeolithic camp at Nice: ScientificAmerican, v. 220(5), p. 42–50. [Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
142. Demas, M., Agnew, N., Waane, S., Podany, J., Bass, A., andKamamba, D., 1997, Preservation of the Laetoli hominid trackway inTanzania: Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, v. 2(2), 4p. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
281143. Demathieu, G., Ginsburg, L., Guerin, C., and True, G., 1984,
Etude paléontologique, ichnologique et paléoecologique du gisementOligocène de Saignon (Bassin d’Apt, Valcluse) [Paleontological, ichnologicand paleoecologic study of the Oligocene layer of Saignon (Basin of Apt,Valcluse)]: Bulletin du Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, v. 6, p. 153-183. [Oligocene; Europe, France]
144. Derselbe, 1883, Carson footprints, a letter to Nature: Nature, v.28, p. 101-102. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Nevada;Xenarthra, sloth]
145. Derselbe, 1899, Über das fossile trittpaar im Tertiär des badischenOberlandes: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 1899, p.204-206. [Tertiary; Europe, Germany]
146. Deocampo, D.M., and Asley, G.M., 1997, Hippo trails: A large-scale freshwater biogenic structure in arid East Africa: Geological Society ofAmerica, Abstracts with Program, v. 29, p. 40-41. [Holocene; Africa, Tan-zania; Hippopotamidae, Hippopotamus]
147. Deocampo, D.M., 2002, Sedimentary structures generated byHippopotamus amphibius in a lake-margin wetland, Ngorongoro Crater,Tanzania: Palaios, v. 17(2), p. 212-217. [Holocene; Africa, Tanzania;Hippopotamidae, Hippopotamus]
148. Desnoyers, M.J., 1859, Sur des empreintes de pas d’animauxdans le Gypse des environs de Paris, et particulièrement de la vallée deMont-Morency [On footprints of animals in the Gypsum in the vicinity ofParis, and particularly of the valley of Mount-Morency: Bulletin de laSociete Geologique de France, v. 16(2), p. 936-944. [Eocene; Europe, France;Aves, Gastornithids]
149. Doyle, P., Wood, J.L., and George, G.T., 2000, The shorebirdichnofacies: an example from the Miocene of southern Spain: GeologicalMagazine, v. 137, p. 517-536. [Miocene; Europe, Spain; Aves, Antarctichnusfuenzalida, Iranipeda millumi, Roepichnus grahami, Mammalia, Felidae?Artiodactyla?]
150. Dugès, A., 1894, Felis fósil de San Juan de los Lagos: Naturaleza,v. 2(8), p. 421-423. [Plio-Pleistocene; North America, Mexico, Jalisco;Aves, Felidae]
151. Duncan, K.W., and Holdaway, R.H., 1989, Footprint pressuresand locomotion in moas and ungulates and their effects on the New Zealandindigenous biota through trampling: New Zealand Journal of Ecology, v.11(Supplement). (Pleistocene/Holocene; New Zealand; Aves, moas, emu,Cervidae, red deer, Bovidae, goat, tahr]
152. Eberle, G., 1929, Ein einfaches mittel um tierspuren ze erhälten:Natur und Museum, v. 59(4), p. 200-204.
153. Elbroch, M., and Marks, E., 2001, Bird Tracks and Signs: AGuide to North American Species. Mechanisburg, Stackpole Books, 456 p.[North America; Modern]
154. Ellenberger, P., 1980, Sur les empreintes de pas de grosmammifères de l’Eocène supérieur de Garrigues-Ste.-Eulalie (Gard) [On thefootprints large mammals of the upper Eocene of Garrigues-Ste.-Eulalie(Gard): Palaeovertebrata, Mémoire Jubilaire R. Lavocat, p. 37-77. [Eocene;Europe, France; Aves, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Paleotheripus,Lophiopus]
155. Elliot, W., 1991, Animal footprints on Roman tiles fromNewstead: Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, v. 121, p.223-226. [Holocene; Europe, Scotland; Canidae, Caprinae, Rodentia,Insectivora, Suidae]
156. Erickson, B.R., 1967, Fossil bird tracks from Utah: MuseumObserver (St. Paul, Minnesota), v. 5(1), p. 6-12. [Eocene; North America,United States, Utah; Aves]
157. Erickson, B.R., 2005, Crocodile and arthropod tracks from theLate Paleocene Wannagan Creek Fauna of North Dakota, USA: Ichnos, v.12(4), p. 303-308. [Paleocene, North America, United States, North Da-kota; Crocodylia, Borealosuchipus hanksi]
158. Eyde, T.H., 1978, Bowie Zeolite: An Arizona industrial min-eral: State of Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology Fieldnotes,v.8(4), p. 1-5. [Pliocene/Pleistocene; North America, United States, Ari-zona; Camelidae]
159. Farlow, J.O., and Pianka. E.R., 2000, Body form and trackwaypattern in Australian desert monitors (Varanidae): comparing zoologicaland ichnological diversity: Palaios, v. 15(3), p. 235-247 [Holocene; Austra-lia; Squamata, Lacertilia]
160. Farmer, M.F., 1956, Tracks and trackways of northern Arizona– a record of the past: Plateau, v. 28, p. 54-66. [Pliocene; North America,
United States, Arizona]161. Ferguson, C.A., 1986, Oligocene eolianites and ichnofossils in
the central San Mateo Mountains: New Mexico Geology, v. 8, p. 12-34.[Oligocene; North America, United States, New Mexico; Artiodactyla]
162. Fisher, D., 1994, Late Pleistocene proboscidean trackways inpond-margin sediments in south-eastern Michigan: Journal of VertebatePaleontology, v. 14(3), p. 25A. [Pleistocene; North America, United States,Michigan; Proboscidea, Mammut]
163. Fjelline, D.P., and Mansfield, T.M., 1989, Method to standard-ize the procedure for measuring mountain lion tracks. in Smith, R.H., ed.,Proceeding of the Third Mountain Lion Workshop. 1988, Dec.6-8. Prescott,AZ. Arizona Game and Fish Department, p. 49-51. [Modern; North America;Felidae]
164. Flint, E., 1884, Human footprints in Nicaragua: American An-tiquarian, v. 6, p. 112-113. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; homi-nid]
165. Flint, E., 1885, Human foot prints in Nicaragua: AmericanAntiquarian, v. 7, p. 156-158. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua;hominid]
166. Flint, E., 1886, Pre-Adamite foot-prints. American Antiquar-ian, v. 8, p. 230-233. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
167. Flint, E., 1888, Human footprints in the Eocene: AmericanAntiquarian, v. 10, p. 252-254. [Eocene; hominid]
168. Flint, E., 1889a, Human Footprints from Nicaragua: AmericanAntiquarian, v. 11, p. 72. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
169. Flint, E., 1889b, The Age of the Nicaraguan Footprints: Ameri-can Antiquarian, v. 11, p. 120-121. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua;hominid]
170. Flint, E., 1889c, Nicaragua footprints: American Antiquarian,v. 11, p. 306-311. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
171. Flint, E., 1890, Letters to the Editor: Science, v. 15, p. 30-32.[Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
172. Forest, L., 1988, A Field Guide to Tracking Animals in Snow:Harrisburg, Stackpole Books. [Modern]
173. Fornos J.J., Bromley, R.G., Clemmensen, L.B., and Rodriguez-Perea, A., 2002, Tracks and trackways of Myotragus balearicus Bate (Ar-tiodactyla, Caprinae) in Pleistocene aeolianites from Mallorca (BalearicIslands, Western Mediterranean): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, v. 180(4), p. 277-313. [Pleistocene; Europe, Mallorca;Bovidae, Bifidipes aeolis, Myotragus balearicus]
174. Foster, J.R., 2001, Salamander tracks (Ambystomichnus?) fromthe Cathedral Bluffs Tongue of the Wasatch Formation (Eocene), north-eastern Green River Basin, Wyoming: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75(4), p.901-904. [Eocene; North America, United States, Wyoming; amphibia,Urodela, Ambystomichnus?]
175. Frechen, M., 1995, Lumineszenz-Datierungen der pleistozänenTierfährten von Bottrop-Welheim: Munchner GeowissenschaftlicheAbdhandlungen, v. 27, p. 63-80. [Pleistocene; Europe, Germany; Cervidae,Rangifer tarandus, Bovidae, Bison/Bos, ungulates, Equidae, Equus sp., Fel-idae, Panthera leo spelaea, Canidae, Canis lupus]
176. Frenguelli, J., 1950, Ichnites en el Paleozoico superior del oseteargentino: Revista de Asociación Geológica Argentina, v. 5(3), p. 149-183.[Miocene; South America, Argentina; Aves, Venatoripes riojanus]
177. Furrer, H., Gubler, T., Hochuli, P.A., and Stossel, I., 2002,Goldau vor 25 Millonen Jahren: Schweizer Strahler, 2002(3), p. 1-8. [Oli-gocene, Miocene; Europe, Switzerland; Aves, Mammalia]
178. Frey, R.W., and Pemberton, G., 1986, Vertebrate lebenspuren inintertidal and supratidal environments, Holocene barrier islands, Georgia:Senckenbergiana Maritima, v. 18, p. 45-95. [Holocene; North America,United States, Georgia]
179. Garcia, M-A. 1999. La piste de pas humains de la grotte Chauvetà Vallon-Pont d’Arc, International Newsletter on Rock Art, v. 24, p. 1-4.[Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
180. Garcia, M-A., 2001, Les empreintes et les traces humaines etanimales, in Clottes, J., ed., La Grotte Chauvet: l’art des Origines, Thresh-old, p. 34-43. [Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
181. Gardner, W.A., 1940, Place of the Gods: Natural History, v. 45,p. 40-43 and 54-55. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Arizona;Camelidae, Ursidae, Xenarthra, sloth?]
182. Gibbard, P L., and Stuart, A.J., 1974, Trace fossils from proglaciallake sediments: Boreas v. 3, p. 69-74. [Pleistocene]
282183. Gibbard, P.L., 1977, Fossil tracks from varved sediments near
Lammi, south Finland: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, v. 49,p. 53-57. [Pleistocene; Europe, Finland]
184. Gibbard, P.L., and Dreimanis, A., 1978, Trace fossils from latePleistocene glacial lake sediments in southwestern Ontario, Canada: Cana-dian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 15, p. 1967-1976. [Pleistocene; NorthAmerica, Canada, Ontario; Proboscidea]
185. Gibbes, C.D., 1882, Prehistoric footprints found in the sand-stone quarry of the Nevada State Prison: Proceedings of the CaliforniaAcademy of Sciences, 1882, p. 1-8. [Pleistocene; North America, UnitedStates, Nevada; Xenarthra, sloth]
186. Gillies, T.B., 1872, On the occurrence of footprints of the moaat Poverty Bay: New Zealand Institute Proceedings and Transactions, v. 4,p. 127-128. [Pleistocene/Holocene; New Zealand; Aves, moa]
187. Gilmore, C.W., 1928, Fossil footprints from the Fort Union(Paleocene) of Montana: Proceedings of the United States National Mu-seum, v. 74(5), p. 1-4. [Paleocene; North America, United States, Montana;Urodela, Ambystomichnus montanensis]
188. Gobetz, K.E., 2005, Claw impressions in the walls of modernmole (Scalopus aquaticus) tunnels as a means to identify fossil burrows andinterpret digging movements: Ichnos, v. 12(3), p. 227-231. [Holocene;Insectivora, Scalopus aquaticus]
189. Gonzalez, A., López, J., Rojas, C., and Lockley, M.G., 2006a.,Discovery of an important hominid tracksite, ? early Holocene of Coahuila,Mexico: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 26(3), p. 68A (abstract)[Holocene, North America, Mexico, Coahuila; hominid]
190. Gonzalez, A.H., Lockley, M.G., Rojas, C., and López, J.E.,2006b. Redescubrimiento de huellas de homínido del holoceno temprano enel valle de Cuatrocienegas, Coahuila, Mexico: El Hombre Temprano enAmerica, III Simposio Internacional, Museo del Desierto, Saltillo, Mexico,23-28 Oct 2006, p. 54-55 [Holocene, North America, Mexico, Coahuila;hominid]
191. Gonzalez, S., Huddart, D., and Roberts, G., 1997, Holocenedevelopment of the Sefton coast: a multi-disciplinary approach to under-standing the archaeology, in Sinclair, A., Slater, E. and Gowlett, J., eds.,Archaeological Sciences 1995: Oxford, Oxbow Books, p. 289-299. [Ho-locene; Europe, England, hominid]
192. Gonzalez, S., Huddart, D., Bennett, M.R., and Gonzalez-Huesca,A., 2006, Human footprints in Central Mexcio older than 40,000 years:Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, p. 201-222. [Pleistocene, North America,Mexico, Puebla; hominid]
193. Gore, R., 1997, The dawn of humans. Tracking the first of ourkind: National Geographic Magazine, v. 192, p. 92-99. [Pliocene, Africa,hominid]
194. Gottis, M., 1971, Pistes de quadrupeds sur une plage d’un lacOligocene de l’Entre-Deux-Mers [Tracks of quadrupeds on a beach of anOligocene lake from Between-Two-Seas]: Bulletin de la Societe Linneennede Bordeaux, v. 1(2), p. 23-24. [Oligocene; Europe, France]
195. Graham, E., McNatt, L., and Gutchen, M.A., 1980, Excava-tions in Footprint Cave, Caves Branch, Belize: Journal of Field Archaeol-ogy, v. 7, p. 153-172. [Holocene; Central America, Belize; hominid]
196. Graham, R.W., Farlow, J.O., and Vandike, J.E., 1996, Trackingice age felids: Identification of Panthera atrox from a cave in southernMissouri, U.S.A., in Stewart, K.M. and Seymour, K.L., eds., Palaeoecologyand Palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic Mammals: Toronto, Universityof Toronto Press, p. 331-345. [Pleistocene; North America, United States,Missouri; Felidae, Panthera atrox]
197. Greben, R., and Lockley, M.G., 1992, Vertebrate tracks in theGreen River Formation, eastern Utah: Implications for paleoecology: Geo-logical Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 24(6), p. 16. [Eocene;North America, United States, Utah]
198. Greben, R., and Lockley, M.G., 1993, The Mesozoic and Ceno-zoic bird track record: a bias in favor of shorebirds: Journal of VertebratePaleontology, v. 13, p. 38A-39A. [Aves; General]
199. Gregory, H., 1916, Geological reconnaissance of the CuzcoValley, Peru: American Journal of Science, 4th series, v. 2, p. 241. [Paleo-gene; South America, Peru; Mammalia]
200. Grozescu, H.G., 1914, Geologia regiunei subcarpatice, din parteade nord a districtului Bacãu: Annuarul Inst. Geological Romãniei, v. 8, p.118-208. [Miocene; Europe, Romania; Aves]
201. Guerin, C., 1987, Chalicotheriidae, in Leaky, M.D., and Harris,
J.M.,eds., Laetoli, A Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania: Oxford, ClarendonPress, p. 469-471. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; Chalicotheriidae,Ancylotheriops tanzaniae]
202. Guerin, C., and Demathieu, G., 1993, Empreintes et piste deRhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du gisement Pliocène Termi-nal de Laeotoli (Tanzanie): Geobios, v. 26, p. 497-513. [Pliocene; Africa,Tanzania; Rhinocerotidae, Dicerotinichnus laetoliensis, Dicerotinichnusserengetiensis]
203. Haberland, W., and Grebe, W.-H., 1955, Prehistoric footprintsfrom El Salvador: American Antiquity, v. 22, p. 282-285. [Holocene; Cen-tral America, El Salvador; hominid]
204. Halfpenny, J., 1998, Scats and Tracks of the Rocky Mountains:Helena, Falcon Publishing. [North America; Modern]
205. Hamblin, A.H., Sarjeant, W.A.S., and Spalding, D.E., 1998, Aremarkable mammal trackway in the Uinta Formation (Late Eocene) ofUtah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 43, p. 9-18. [Eocene;North America, United States, Utah; Mammalia]
206. Hamblin, A.H., Sarjeant, W.A.S., and Spalding, D.E., 1999,Vertebrate footprints in the Duchesne River and Uinta Formations (Middleto Late Eocene), Uinta Basin, Utah:. Utah Geological Survey MiscellaneousPublication 99-1, p. 443-454. [Eocene; North America, United States,Utah; Aves, Fuscinapeda texana, Gruipeda intermedia, Gruipeda maxima,Avipeda aff. phoenix, Rhinocerotidae, amynodon?, Brontotheriidae,brontothere?]
207. Harkness, H.W., 1882, Footprints found at the Carson StatePrison: Proceedings of the California Academy of Science (August 7), p. 1-7. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Nevada, Xenarthra, sloth]
208. Harrington, S.P.M., 1999, Human Footprints at Chauvet Cave:Archaeology, v. 52(5) (www.archaeology.org/9909/newsbriefs/chauvet.html)[Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
209. Hasler, N., Klette, R., Rosenhahn, B., and Agnew, W., 2004,Footprint recognition of rodents and insects, in Pariman, D., North, H., andMcNeill, S., eds., Image and Vision Computing 2004, Landcare ResearchLtd., Akaroa, New Zealand, p. 167-172. . (New Zealand; Rodentia)
210. Haubold, H. 1984. Saurierfährten: Neue Brehm Bücherei 479,231 p.
211. Hay, R.L. and Leakey, M.D., 1982, The fossil footprints ofLaetoli: Scientific American, v. 246(2), p. 50-57. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanza-nia; hominid]
212. Haynes, C.V. Jr., 1991, Geoarchaeological and paleohydrologicalevidence for a Clovis-Age drought in North America and its bearing onextinction: Quaternary Research, v. 35(3), p. 438-450. [Pleistocene; NorthAmerica, United States, Arizona; Proboscidea, Mammuthus]
213. Hembree, D.I., and Hasiotis, S.T., 2007, Paleosols andichnofossils of the White River Formation of Colorado: Insight into soilecosystems of the North American mid-continent during the Eocene-Oli-gocene transition: Palaios, v. 22(2), p. 123-142. [Eocene/ Oligocene; NorthAmerica, Colorado; Mammalia]
214. Herandez-Pacheco, F., 1929, Pistes de Aves fosiles en el Oli-gocene de Peralta de la Sal (Lerida) [Tracks of fossil birds in the Oligocenede Peralta of the Salt (Lerida)]. Memorias de la Sociedad España HistoríaNatural Madrid, v. 15, p. 379-382. [Oligocene; Europe, Spain; Aves]
215. Higgs, W., Gardner, A., and Beech, M., 2005, A fossil probos-cidean trackway at Mleisa, Western Region of Abu Dhabi, United ArabEmirates: in Hellyer, P., and Ziolkowski, M., eds., Emirates Heritage Vol. 1- Proceedings of the 1st Annual Symposium on Recent Palaeontological andArchaeological Discoveries in the Emirates, Al Ain. Zayed Centre for Heri-tage and History: Al Ain, p. 21-27. [Miocene; Asia, United Arab Emirates;Proboscidea, Stegotetrabelodon syrticus]
216. Higgs, W., Kirkham, A., Evans, G., and Hull, D., 2003, A lateMiocene proboscidean trackway from Mleisa, United Arab Emirates: Tribulus(Journal of the Emirates Natural History Group), v. 13(2), p. 3-8. [Mi-ocene; Asia, United Arab Emirates; Proboscidea, Stegotetrabelodon syrticus]
217. Hill, H. 1895. On the occurrence of moa-footprints in the bedof the Manawatu River, near Palmerston North: Transactions of the RoyalNew Zealand Institute, v. 27, p. 476-477. [Holocene; New Zealand; Aves,moa]
218. Hills, L.V., McNeil, P.E., and Tolman, S., 1999, First reportedCanadian proboscidean trackway from the St. Mary Reservoir, Alberta,Canada: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 19, suppl. to (3), p. 51A.[Pleistocene; North America, Canada, Alberta; Camelidae, Bovidae, Equidae,
283Proboscidea]
219. Hood, T.H.C., 1874, Dinornis: Footprints and Recent Excava-tions: Proceedings Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 8, p. 236-240. [Ho-locene; New Zealand; Aves, Dinornis]
220. Horn, P.L., 1989, Moa tracks: an unrecognized legacy from anextinct bird: New Zealand Journal of Ecology, v. 12, p. 45-50. [Holocene;New Zealand; Aves, moa]
221. Hubbard, W.J., Fisher, D.C., and Kardulias, P.N., 2000, Mast-odon body weight estimates from footprints and a scale model: CurrentResearch in the Pleistocene, v. 17, p. 122-123. [Pleistocene; North America,United States, Michigan; Proboscidea, Mammut]
222. Huddart, D., Gonzalez, S., and Roberts, G., 1999, The archaeo-logical record and Mid-Holocene marginal coastal palaeoenvironment aroundLiverpool Bay, in Edwards and Sadler, eds., Holocene Environments ofPrehistoric Britain: Quaternary Proceedings No. 7, Chichester, John Wileyand Sons Ltd., p. 563-547. [Holocene; Europe, England; hominid]
223. Huddart, D., Roberts, G., and Gonzalez, S., 1999, Holocenehuman and animal footprints and their relationships with coastal environ-mental change, Formby Point, NW England: Quaternary International, v.55, p. 29-41. [Holocene; Europe, England; hominid]
224. Hunt, A.P., Kelley, S.A., and Lucas, S.G., 2004, Bird footprintsfrom the Miocene “Abiquiu” Formation of north-central New Mexico, witha review of Cenozoic tetrapod tracks of New Mexico: New Mexico Geology,v. 26, p. 65 (abstract). [Miocene; North America, United States, New Mexico;Aves]
225. Hunt, G.J., 2006, Fossil mammal tracks of the Ox Valley Tuff,Washington County, Utah: A recently discovered assemblage of Miocenetrace fossils: Program with abstracts, Rocky Mountain Section, GeologicalSociety of America 58th Annual Meeting, May, 2006. [Miocene; NorthAmerica, United States, Utah; Felidae, Camelidae, Equidae, Rodentia]
226. Hunt, R., 1992, Death at a 19 million year old waterhole:University of Nebraska State Museum, Museum Notes, v. 83, p. 1-6. [Mi-ocene; North America, Nebraska; Entelodontidae, entelodont?]
227. Hunter, R.E., Clifton, H.E., Hall, N.T., Csaszar, G., Richmond,B.M., and Chin, J.L., 1984, Pliocene and Pleistocene coastal and shelfdeposits of the Merced Formation and associated beds, northwestern SanFrancisco Peninsula, California: Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists 1984 Midyear Meeting, Field Trip Guidebook, v. 3, p. 1-19.[Pliocene; North America, United States, California; Artiodactyla]
228. Hutton, F.W., 1899, On the footprint of a kiwi-like bird fromManaroa: Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, v.31, p. 486. [Pleistocene/Holocene; New Zealand; Aves, kiwi]
229. Inuzuka, N., 1997, Fossil footprints of desmostylians predictedfrom a restored skeleton: Ichnos, v. 5(2), p. 163-166. [Desmostylia]
230. Ishchenko, V.V., 1981, [Guaurly – an unique monument of thevital activity traces of Akchaghyl in Kopet-Dag]: PaleontologicheskiiSbornik, v. 18, p. 80-81. [Pliocene; Asia, Turkmenistan, Iran]
231. Jaeger, E., 1948, Tracks and Trailcraft: New York, MacmillanCo. [Modern]
232. Jaggar, T.J., 1921, Fossil human footprints In Kau Desert:Hawaii Volcano Observatory Monthly Bulletin, v. 9, p. 114-118. [Ho-locene; North America, United States, Hawaii; hominid]
233. Jagger, T.A., 1934, Fossil human footprints in the Kau Desert:Paradise of the Pacific, v. 46(5), 5 p. [Holocene; North America, UnitedStates, Hawaii; hominid]
234. Jameson, R., 1979, Late Pleistocene deer tracks in Cueva de losPajaros, Oaxaca, Mexico: [abs] in Abstracts of Papers, 1978 NationalSpeleoligical Society Convention, National Speleological Society Bulletin,v. 41(4), p. 118. [Pleistocene; North America, Mexico; Oaxaca; Cervidae]
235. Jaanson, V., 1991, Morphological changes leading to hominidbipedalism: Lethaia, v. 24(4), p. 443-457. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania;hominid]
236. Joachim, H.-E., 1994, Trittspuren von Birkuhn: Kosmos 1994/4.
237. Johnson, G.H., 1884, Human footprints on Sandstone nearManagua in Nicaragua: American Journal of Science, v. 27, p. 239-240.[Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
238. Johnson, K.P., 1986, Paleocene bird and amphibian tracksfrom the Fort Union Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming: Contributionsto Geology, University of Wyoming, v. 24, p. 1-10. [Paleocene; NorthAmerica, United States, Wyoming; Amphibia, Aves]
239. Johnston, C.S., 1937, Tracks from the Pliocene of West Texas:American Midland Naturalist, v. 18, p. 147-152. [Miocene; North America,United States, Texas; Aves, Camelidae, Carnivora, Canidae, Felidae, Equidae,Proboscidea]
240. Jones, M.M., 2002, Mammal and Bird Trackways in the Mi-ocene Horse Spring Formation, Clark County, Nevada. [MS Thesis]: LasVegas, University of Nevada, 96 p. [Miocene; North America, United States,Nevada; Aves, Mammalia]
241. Kaler, K.L., 1998, Early Miocene trace fossils from southwestWashington: Washington Geology, v. 26(2-3), p. 48-58. [Miocene; NorthAmerica, United States, Washington]
242. Kaup, J., 1835, Mitteilung uber tierfahrten von Hildburghausen:Neues Jahrbuch Geognische Geologie Petrologie, v. 35, p. 327–328 [Hasbeen cited as Cenozoic, but is not – type description of Chirotherium]
243. Keller, B., 1982, Fossile vogelfaehrten aus der Luzerner Molasse[Fossil bird tracks from the Lucerne Molasse]: Mitteilungen derNaturforschenden Gesellschaft Luzern, v. 27, p. 97-109. [Oligocene; Eu-rope, Switzerland; Aves]
244. Kihm, A.J., and Hartman, J.H., 1995, Bird tracks from the LatePaleocene of North Dakota: North Dakota Academy of Science Proceed-ings, v. 49, p. 63. [Paleocene; North America, United States, North Dakota;Aves, Charadriiformes, Gruiformes]
245. Kim, J.Y., and Kim, K.S., 2004, Mammalian and avian foot-prints from the late Pleistocene Hamori Formation of Jeju Island, Korea:32nd International Geological Congress, Florence, Italy. [Pleistocene; Asia,Korea; Aves, Cervidae, Equidae, Proboscidea]
246. Kim, K.S., 2004, Report on the preliminary study of fossilfootprints site, coast of Namjeju: published in The Cultural Properties Ad-ministration of Korea. (in Korean) 97 p. [Asia, Korea]
247. Kim, J.Y., and Kim, K.S., 2004a, Hominid and other animalsfootprints from the Cenozoic Hamori Formation of Jeju Island: Proceed-ings of the 2004 Spring Meeting of the Korean Earth Science Society, p.25-31. [Pleistocene; Asia, Korea; Aves, Mammalia, hominid]
248. Kim J.Y., and Kim, K.S., 2004b, Mammalian and avian foot-prints from the late Pleistocene Hamori Formation of Jeju Island, Korea:International Geological Congress Abstract no. 128-11, p. 599. [Pleis-tocene; Asia, Korea; Aves, Mammalia, hominid]
249. Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.S., Lee, C.Z., and Lim, J.D., 2004, Occur-rence of hominid and other vertebrate footprints of Jeju Island, Korea, inKim, J.Y., Kim, K.-S., Park, S. I., Shin, M.-K., eds. Proceedings of Interna-tional Symposium of the Quaternary Footprints of Hominids and OtherVertebrates, Namjejigun: p. 1-26. [Pleistocene/Holocene; Asia, Korea; Aves,Ardeipeda egretta, Gruipeda maxima, Ignotornis mcconnelli, Pulchravipesmagnificus, Ornithotarnocia lambrechti, Presbyornithiformipes feducci,Uhangrichnus chuni, Anatipeda anas, Hwangasnipes choughi, hominid]
250. Kim, S-K. , Kim, K-S., Park, S.I, and Shin, M-K, 2004, eds.International Symposium on Quaternary Footprints of Hominids and otherVertebrates. Jeju, Korea, Oct 9-11th 2004, 175 p. [Pleistocene; hominid]
251. Kinahan, J., Pallet, J., Vogel, J., Ward, J., and Lindique, M.,1991, The occurrence of elephant tracks in the silt deposits of the lower!Kuiseb River, Namibia: Cimbebasia, v. 13, p. 37-43. [Pleistocene/Holocene;Africa, Namibia; Proboscidea]
252. Kinoshita, T., and Todori, Y., 1991, Fossils from the UpperMotahata Formation –fossil footprints-: Bulletin of the Kitakami CityMuseum, no. 8, p. 143-152. (in Japanese with English abstract) [Asia;Japan.]
253. Kissell-Jones, M. and Rowland, S., 2003, Trackways of theMiocene Horse Spring Formation and a synthesis of Miocene tracksites inthe western US: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 23(3) Suppl., p. 67A-68A [Miocene; North America, United States, Nevada; Aves, Camelidae,Canidae]
254. Koenigswald, W. von, and Walders, M., 1995, Zurbiostratigraphie der Säuetierreste aus der Niederterrasse der Emscher und derfährtenplatte von Bottrop-Welheim: Munchner GeowissenschaftlicheAbdhandlungen, v. 27, p. 51-62. [Pleistocene; Europe, Germany]
255. Koenigswald, W. von, Walders, M., and Sander, M., 1994, Re-cent discoveries - the tracksite Bottrop-Welheim: European QuaternaryMammal Research Association Newsletter v. 1, p. 58-59. [Pleistocene;Europe, Germany; Aves, Anser sp., Cervidae, Rangifer tarandus, Bovidae,Bison/Bos, ungulates, Equidae, Equus sp., Felidae, Panthera leo spelaea,Canidae, Canis lupus]
284256. Koenigswald, W. von, Walders, M., and Sander, M., 1995,
Jungpleistozane tierfahrten aus der Emscher-Niederterrasse von Bottrop-Welheim: Munchner Geowissenschaftliche Abdhandlungen, v. 27, p. 5-50.[Pleistocene; Europe, Germany; Aves, Anser sp., Cervidae, Rangifer tarandus,Bovidae, Bison/Bos, ungulates, Equidae, Equus sp., Felidae, Panthera leospelaea, Canidae, Canis lupus]
257. Kordos, L., 1983, Lábynomok az Ipolytarnóci also-Miocénkoru homokköben. [Footprints in Lower Miocene sandstone at Ipolytarnóc,N. Hungary: Geologica Hungarica, v. 46, p. 261-368. [Miocene; Europe,Hungary]
258. Kordos, L., 1985a, Ujabb adotok az ipolytarnoci also-miocenhomokko labnyomaihoz [A contribution to the footprint record of theLower Miocene sandstone of Ipolytarnoc]. Magyar Állami Földtani IntézetÉvi Jelentése, 1985, p. 453-465. [Miocene; Europe, Hungary]
259. Kordos, L., 1985b, Footprints in Lower Miocene sandstone atIpolytarnov, N. Hungary: Geologica Hungarica Series Palaeontologica, v.44-46, p. 259-415. [Miocene; Europe, Hungary; Mustelidae, Mustelipedapunctata]
260. Kordos, L., 1987, Labnyomok az ipolytarnoci also-miocenkoru homokkoben [Footprints in the lower Miocene sandstone ofIpolytarnoc]: Geologica Hungarica, Series Paleontologica, v. 46, p. 257-415. [Miocene; Europe, Hungary; Aves, Ornithotarnocia lambrechti,Avidactyla media, Tetraornithopedia tasnadii, Passeripedia ipolyensis, Car-nivora, Bestiopeda maxima, Bestiopeda sp., Carnivoripeda nogradensis,Mustelidae, Mustelipeda punctata, Rhinocerotidae, Rhinoceripeda tasnadyi,Artiodactyla, Megapecoripeda miocaenica, Pecoripeda cf. amalphaea,Proboscidea, mastodon]
261. Kordos, L., and Prakfalvi, P., 1990, Ujabb adatok az europaineogen Labnyomos retegek ismeretehez [A Contribution to the knowledgeof Neogene beds with footprint parks in Europe]. Magyar Állami FöldtaniIntézet Évi Jelentése (Geological Institute of Hungary), v. 1, p. 201-212.[Cenozoic, Neogene; Europe; General]
262. Kowalski, K., 1961, [Traces of a cave bear]: Priroda, 1961, v.2, p. 110-112. [Pleistocene; Europe; Ursidae]
263. Kretozi, M., 1950, Le gres a empreintes de pieds de Ipolytarnocet la question de ‘laquitanien: Fold. Kozlony, v. 80, p. 259-261. [Miocene;Europe, Hungary]
264. Kretozi, M., 1990, Footprints of site III, in Kretzoi, M. andDobosi, V.T., eds., Vértesszölös Site. Man and Culture, Budapest (AkadémiaiKiadó), p. 249-252. [Pleistocene; Europe, Hungary]
265. Kulchitskij, 1980, Finding of the maxilla of a Cavicorn and thetraces of vertebrates in the Miocene molasses of the Precarpathian andTranscarpathian foredeeps: Paleontologicheskii Sbornik, v.17, p. 69-74.[Miocene; Europe; Perissodactyla, Hippipeda parva]
266. LaGarry, H.E., Wells, W.B., Terry Jr., D.O., and Nixon, D.A.,1998, The Toadstool Park trackway site, Oglala National Grassland, Ne-braska: Dakoterra, v. 5, p. 91-106. [Oligocene; North America, UnitedStates, Nebraska; Reptilia, Aves, Artiodactyla, Merycoidodontidae, Car-nivora, Rhinocerotidae]
267. Lamb, S.H., 1968, Trail to Oblivion: New Mexico Wildlife,November-December, p. 21. [Pliocene; North America, United States, NewMexico; Camelidae]
268. Lamboglia, N., 1960, Le vestigial umane nella Grotta dellaBasura a Toirano [The human remains in the Cove of the Basura to Toirano]:Rivista di Studi Liguri, v. 26, p. 5-9 [Pleistocene; Europe, Italy; Ursidae,hominid]
269. Lambrecht, K., 1912, Magyarország fosszilis madarai: Aquila,v. 19, p. 288-315. [Miocene; Europe, Hungary; Aves]
270. Lambrecht, K. , 1938, Urmiornis abeli n. sp., eine Pliozänevogelfährte aus Persien [Urmiornis abeli n. sp., a Pliocene bird track fromPersia]: Palaeobiologica, v. 6(2), p. 242-245.[Pliocene; Asia, Iran; Aves,Urmiornis abeli]
271. Lancis, C., and Estévez, A., 1992, Las icnitas de mammíferosdel sur de Alicante (España) [The mammal ichnites from the south ofAlicante (Spain): Geogaceta, v. 12, p. 60-94. [Europe, Spain; Mammalia]
272. La Porte, L.F., and Behrensmeyer, A.K., 1980, Tracks andsubstrate reworking by terrestrial sediments in Quaternary sediments ofKenya: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, p. 1337-1346. [Pleis-tocene; Africa, Kenya]
273. Laury, R.L., 1980, Paleoenvironment of a late Quaternarymammoth-bearing sinkhole deposit, Hot Springs, South Dakota: Geological
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274. Lea, P.D., 1996, Vertebrate tracks in Pleistocene eolian sand-sheet deposits of Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 45, p. 226-240. [Pleis-tocene, North America, United States, Alaska; Artiodactyla, Proboscidea]
275. Leakey, M.D., 1978, Pliocene footprints at Laetoli, northernTanzania: Antiquity, v. 52(205), p. 133. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; homi-nid]
276. Leakey, M.D., 1979, Footprints frozen in time: National Geo-graphic Magazine, v. 155(4), p. 446-457. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; homi-nid]
277. Leakey, M.D., 1981, Tracks and Tools: Philosophical Transac-tions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, v. 292, p. 95-102. [Pliocene;Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
278. Leakey, M.D., 1987a, The hominid footprints, Introduction,in Leakey, M.D., and Harris, J.M., eds. Laetoli, a Pliocene Site in NorthernTanzania: Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 490-496 [Pliocene; Africa, Tanza-nia; hominid]
279. Leakey, M.D., 1987b, Animal prints and trails, in Leakey,M.D., and J.M. Harris, J.M., eds., Laetoli, a Pliocene site in northern Tan-zania: Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 451-489 [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania;hominid]
280. Leakey, M.D., and Harris, J.M., 1987, Laetoli, a Pliocene sitein Northern Tanzania: Oxford, Clarendon Press. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanza-nia; Aves, Mammalia, hominid]
281. Leakey, M.D., and Hay, R.L., 1979, Pliocene footprints in theLaetoli beds at Laetoli, northern Tanzania: Nature, v. 278, p. 317-323.[Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
282. Leakey, M.D., Robbins, L.M., and Tuttle, R.H., 1987, Thehominid footprints, in Leakey, M.D., and Harris, J.M., Laetoli: a Pliocenesite in northern Tanzania: Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 490-523. [Pliocene;Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
283. LeConte, J., 1882a, On certain remarkable tracks found in therocks of Carson quarry: Proceedings of the California Academy of Science(August 27), p. 1-10. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Nevada;Xenarthra, sloth]
284. LeConte, J., 1882b, The recent discoveries of fossil footprintsin Carson, Nevada: American Scientist, v. 16, p. 921-923. [Pleistocene;North America, United States, Nevada; Xenarthra, sloth]
285. LeConte, J., 1883, Carson footprints: Nature, v. 18, p. 101-102. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Nevada; Xenarthra, sloth]
286. Lemley, R.E., 1971, Notice of new finds in the Badlands: SouthDakota Academy of Science Proceedings, v. 50, p. 70-74. [Oligocene; NorthAmerica, United States, South Dakota; Mammalia]
287. Leonardi, G., 1981, As localidades com rastros fossel de tetrapodesna America Latina [The localities with fossil tetrapod tracks in Latin America]:Anals do II Congresso Latinoamericano de Paleontologia, v. 2(2), p. 929-940. [South America, General]
288. Leonardi, G., 1994, Annotated Atlas of South American Tetra-pod Footprints (Devonian to Holocene): Publication of the Companhia dePerquisa de Recursos Minerais, Brasilia, 248 p. [South America, General]
289. Leonardi, P., 1958, Temoignages de l’homme de Neandertaldans l’Italie du Nord, in Koenigswald, W. von, ed., Hundert JahreNeanderthaler: p. 231-252. [Pleistocene; Europe, Italy; hominid]
290. Lessertisseur, J., 1948, Traces fossils l’activitè animale:Memoires de la Societe Geologique de France, v. 74, p. 1-148. [Pleistocene;North America, United States, Nevada; Cervidae, Canidae, Canis,Proboscidea, Mammuthus, Xenarthra, sloth,]
291. Lewis, D.W., and Titheridge, D.G., 1978, Small scale sedimen-tary structures resulting from foot impressions in sand dunes: Journal ofSedimentary Petrology, v. 48, p. 835-838. [General]
292. Liebenberg, L., 1990, A Field Guide to the Animal Tracks ofSouthern Africa: Cape Town, David Phelps Publishers. [Africa; Modern]
293. Link, M.H., 1982, Sedimentology of the Upper Miocene PiruGorge Sandstone Member of the Ridge Route Formation, Ridge Basin, Cali-fornia, in Crowell, J.C., and Link, M.H., eds., Geologic History of RidgeBasin, Southern California: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleon-tology and Mineralogy, Los Angeles California, p. 127-134 [Miocene; NorthAmerica, United States, California; Mammalia]
294. Lockley, M.G., 2002, A guide to the fossil footprints of theworld: Denver, Lockley-Peterson Publication, University of Colorado, 124
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295. Lockley, M.G., Antón, M., and Nieves, J.M., 1993, ¿Quién pasopor aqui hace 20 millones de años? [Who passed by here 20 million yearsago?]: Blanco Negro v. 102, p. 56-65.
296. Lockley, M.G., Houck, K., and Avanzini, M., 2004, Some ob-servations on tracks associated with volcaniclastic substrate, in Kim, J. Y.,Kim, K.-S., Park, S. I., and Shin, M.-K., eds., International Symposium onQuaternary Footprints of Hominids and other Vertebrates, Jeju, Korea, Oct9-11th 2004, p. 112-130. [General]
297. Lockley, M.G., Garcia-Vasquez, R., Espinoza, E., and Lucas, S.,2006, A new map and analysis of America’s most famous hominid footprintsite: Acahualinca, Nicaragua: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 26(3),p. 91A (abstract) [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; Aves, ungulates,Procyonidae, Procyon, hominid]
298. Lockley, M.G., and Hunt, A.P., 1995, Chapter 6, The Age ofBirds and Mammals: The Cenozoic Era in Dinosaur Tracks and other fossilfootprints of the western United States: New York, Columbia UniversityPress, p. 243-281 [North America, United States; General]
299. Lockley, M.G., and Meyer, C., 1999, Dinosaur Tracks andother fossil footprints of Europe.: New York, Columbia University Press,323 p. [Europe; General]
300. Lockley, M.G., and Peterson, J., 1995, A guide to fossil tracksof the world, A Lockley-Peterson publication produced in conjunction withthe Friends of Dinosaur Ridge, 124 p. [General]
301. Lockley, M.G., Ritts, B., and Leonardi, G., 1999, Early Tertiarymammal track assemblages from China, Peru and North America: implica-tions for correlation and tectonic history: Palaios v. 14(4), p. 398-404.[Eocene; Asia, North America, South America, China, Peru, United States,Colorado, Utah; Mammalia]
302. Lockley, M.G., and Roberts, G., 2004, In the footprints of ourancestors: a brief review of the hominid track record, in Kim, J. Y., Kim, K.-S., Park, S. I., and Shin, M.-K., eds., International Symposium on Quater-nary Footprints of Hominids and other Vertebrates: Jeju, Korea, Oct 9-11th
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304. Lofgren, D.L., Greening, J.A., Johnson, C.F., Lewis, S.J., andTorres, M.A., 2006, Footprints on the sands of time: fossil tracks at theRaymond Alf Museum of Paleontology, in Reynold, R.E., ed., Making Tracksacross the Southwest: California State University Desert Studies Consor-tium and LSA Associates, Inc., Zzyzx, pp. 52-62. [North America; General]
305. Loope, D.B., 1986, Recognizing and utilizing vertebrate tracksin cross section: Cenozoic hoofprints from Nebraska: Palaios, v. 1(2), p.141-151. [Cenozoic; North America, United States, Nebraska; General]
306. López, G., Mayoral, E., Muñoz, A., Pérez, A., and Santamaría,R., 1992, Nuevas icnitas de mamíferos carnívoros en el Mioceno inferiordel sector occidental de la depresión del Ebro (Logroño, La Rioja). [Newlower Miocene footprint of the carnivorous mammals in the Western Sec-tor of the Ebro Basin (Logroño, La Rioja)]: Revista Sociedad de GeologiaEspaña, v. 5, p. 39-53. [Miocene; Europe, Spain; Carnivora]
307. Lozinsky, R.L., and Tedford, R.H., 1991, Geology and paleon-tology of the Santa Fe Group, southwestern Albuquerque Basin, ValenciaCounty, New Mexico: New Mexico. Bureau of Mines and Mineral ResourcesBulletin, v. 132, p. 1-30. [Miocene; North America, United States, NewMexico; Camelidae]
308. Lucas, F.A., 1928, Fossil footprints: Evolution, November, p.5. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Nevada; Xenarthra, sloth]
309. Lucas, S.G., 1983, The Baca Formation and the Eocene-Oli-gocene boundary in New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society, Guide-book, v. 34, p. 187-192. [Eocene; North America, United States, NewMexico; Artiodactyla)
310. Lucas, S.G., 2001, The age of mammals and the age of volancoesin New Mexico: An outline of the Cenozoic geology and paleontology ofthe state: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v.18, p. 31-47. [Oligocene; North America, United States, New Mexico;Artiodactyla]
311. Lucas, S.G., 2007, Tetrapod footprint biostratigraphy andbiochronology: Ichnos, v. 14, p. 5-38. [General]
312. Lucas, S.G., Hunt, A.P., and Cather, S.M., 1988, Artiodactylafootprints from the Eocene Baca Formation, west-central New Mexico:International Symposium on Vertebrate Behavior as Derived from the Fos-sil Record, Abstracts with Program, p. 16. [Eocene; North America, UnitedStates, New Mexico; Artiodactyla]
313. Lucas, S.G., Morgan, G.S., Hawley, J.W., Love, D.W., and Myers,R.G., 2002, Mammal footprints from the Upper Pleistocene of the TularosaBasin, Dona Ana County, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society,Guidebook, v. 53, p. 285-288. [Pleistocene; North America, United States,New Mexico; Proboscidea, Mammuthus, Camelidae]
314. Lucas, S.G., and Williamson, T.E., 1993, Eocene vertebratesand late Laramide stratigraphy of New Mexico: New Mexico Museum ofNatural History and Science Bulletin, v. 2, p. 145-158. [Eocene; NorthAmerica, United States, New Mexico; Artiodactyla, Pecoripeda]
315. Lumley, H. de, and Vicino, G., 1984, New data concerning thedating and interpretation of human footprints present in the “Grotta dellaBasura” at Toirano (Savona, Northern Italy). Results of an internationalround table: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 13(6), p. 537-540. [Pleis-tocene; Europe, Italy; hominid]
316. Mafart, B., 2006, Anthropological study of Holocene humanfootprints of the sebkra El Azrag (Islamic Republic of Mauritania):Anthropologie (Paris), v. 110, p. 766-787. (Holocene; Africa, Mauritania;hominid]
317. Mahard, R.H., 1949, Late Cenozoic chronology of the UpperVerde Valley, Arizona: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the ScientificLaboratories, v. 41, p. 97-127. [Pliocene; North America, United States,Arizona]
318. Malvesin-Fabre, G., L. –R., and Robert, R., 1953, Empreintesde pieds humains prehistoriques de la Caverne de Niaux (Ariege): Préhistoireet Spéléologie Ariégeoises, v. 7, p. 37-48. [Pleistocene/Holocene; Europe,France; hominid]
319. Manera de Bianco, T., and Aramayo, S.A., 2004, Taphonomicfeatures of Puhuen-Co palaeoichnological site (Late Pleistocene), BuenosAires Province, Argentina, in Buatois, L.A., and Mangano, M.G., eds.,Ichnia 2004, First International Congress on Ichnology, April 19-23, 2004,Museo Paleontologico Egidio Feruglio, Trelew, Patagonia, Argentina. Ab-stract Book, p. 49. [Pleistocene/Holocene; South America, Argentina; Aves,Mammalia, hominid]
320. Mangin, J.P., 1962, Trace de pattes d’oiseaux et flute-castsassocies dans un “facies flysch” du Tertaire pyreneen: Sedimentology, v. 1,p. 163-166 [Paleogene; Europe, France; Aves]
321. Marche, J.D. II, 1986, Extraordinary petrifications: footprintsat Nevada State Prison: Terra v. 24(5), p. 12-18. [Pleistocene; NorthAmerica, United States, Nevada; Xenarthra, sloth]
322. Marcos. E.L., 2001, El descubrimiento de las HuellasPrehistoricas. Ojo Guarena: Cubía, Boletín del Grupo Espeliológico Edel-weiss No 3. June, p. 34-35. [Pleistocene; Europe, Spain; hominid]
323. Marsh, O.C., 1883, On the supposed human foot-prints re-cently found in Nevada: American Journal of Science, v. 152, p. 139-140.[Pleistocene, North America, United States, Nevada; Xenarthra,Mylodontidae]
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325. Maxson, J.H., 1963, Death Valley origin and scenery: DeathValley Natural History Association in cooperation with the National ParkService, 59 p. [North America, United States, California; Equidae, Camelidae]
326. McA, A., 1886, The Pre-Adamite track: American Antiquarian,v. 7, p. 364-367. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
327. McCrea, R., Pemberton, S., and Currie, P., 2004, New ichnotaxaof mammal and reptile tracks from the Upper Paleocene of Alberta: Ichnos,v. 11(3-4), p. 323-339. [Paleocene; North America, Canada, Alberta;Crocodylia, Albertasuchipes russellia, Carnivora/Creodonta, Sarjeantipeswhitea]
328. McGregor, R., and Schur, C., 1994, Verde Valley Mammalianichnofauna: preliminary survey of a site: Proceedings of the Fossils ofArizona Symposium, v. 2, p. 105-111. [Pliocene; North America, United
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329. McKinney, K.C., Tedford, R.H., Morgan, G.S., and Williamson,T.E., 2001, Fossil mammals of the Middle Rio Grande-Annotated datasetand bibliography of New Mexico Vertebrate Paleontology: U. S. GeologicalSurvey, Open-File Report 01-023 [Compact disc, includes numerous colorphotos of middle Miocene mammal and bird tracks from Benavidez Ranch].[Miocene; North America, United States, New Mexico; Aves, Camelidae,Antilocapridae, Felidae, Canidae, Equidae, Gomphotheriidae]
330. McNeil, P.E., Hills, L.V., Kooyman, B., and Tolman, S., 1999,First reported Canadian proboscidean trackway, probably mammoth, fromthe St. Mary Reservoir, Alberta, Canada, in McCracken, A. D., ed., CanadianPaleontology Conference Program and Abstracts CPC-IX: University ofCalgary, Alberta, Canada, 19 p. [Pleistocene; North America, Canada, Alberta;Proboscidea]
331. McNeil, P.E., Hills, L.V., Kooyman, B., and Tolman, S., 2000,First reported Canadian proboscidean trackway from the St. Mary Reser-voir, Alberta, Canada: 3rd British Columbia Paleontological Symposia,Victoria, p. 51. [Pleistocene; North America, Canada, Alberta; Bovidae,Equidae, Proboscidea]
332. McNeil, P.E., Hills, L.V., Kooyman, B., Tolman, S., 2005,Mammoth tracks indicate a declining late Pleistocene population in south-western Alberta, Canada: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 24, p. 1253-1259.[Pleistocene; North America, Canada, Alberta; Proboscidea]
333. Meldrum, D.J., 2004, Fossilized Hawaiian footprints comparedwith Laetoli Hominid footprints, in Meldrum, D. J. and Hilton, C.E., eds.,From Biped to Strider: The Emergence of Modern Human Walking, Run-ning, and Resource Transport: New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Pub-lishers, p. 63-83. [Pliocene, Holocene; North America, United States, Ha-waii, Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
334. Meunier S., 1906, Remarquables traces de pas sur un banc degypse [Remarkable traces of feet on a gypsum bench: Le Naturalista, v. 28,p. 19-21. [Europe, France]
335. Mietto P., Avanzini, M., and Rolandi, G., 2003, Human foot-prints in Pleistocene volcanic ash: Nature, v. 422, p. 133. [Pleistocene;Europe, Italy; hominid]
336. Milàn, J., 2004, Footprints from the past - palaeoichnologicalmethods applied to archaeology, in Milàn, J. and Noe-Nygaard, N., eds.,“What is the hottest in archaeozoological sciences right now?”: Mini sym-posia 26th August 2004, Carlsberg Academy, Denmark. [Pleistocene/Ho-locene; hominid; General]
337. Milàn, J., 2005, Fodspor fra fortiden: foreløbige resultater fraundersøgelsen af en ny æolisk aflejring med fossile dyrefodspor fra Rhodos,Grækenland: Geologisk Tidsskrift, 2005(1), p. 24. [Pleistocene/Holocene;Europe, Greece, Rhodes; Artiodactyla, Camelidae, Proboscidea]
338. Milàn, J., 2006, Variations in the morphology of emu (Dromaiusnovaehollandiae) tracks reflecting differences in walking pattern and sub-strate consistency: ichnotaxonomic implications: Palaeontology, v. 49(2),p. 405-420. [Aves, emu; General]
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342. Milàn, J., and Bromley, R.G., 2006, True tracks, undertracksand eroded tracks, experimental work with tetrapod tracks in laboratoryand field: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 231, p.253-264. [General]
343. Milàn, J., Clemmensen, L.B., Buchardt, B., and Noe-Nygaard,N., 2006, Tracking the Bronze Age fauna: preliminary investigations of anew Late Holocene tracksite, Lodbjerg dune system, northwest Jylland,Denmark: 4th Annual Meeting of the European Association of VertebratePalaeontologists, 10-15 July 2006, Budapest, Hungary. [Holocene; Europe,Denmark]
344. Milàn, J., Bromley, R.G., and Titschack, J., 2005, Vertebratefootprints from a new aeolian outcrop from Southern Rhodes, Greece:International symposium on dinosaurs and other vertebratespalaeoichnology, Fumanya-St. Cornelt (Cercs, Barcelona) October 4-8th
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345. Milàn, J., Clemmensen, L.B., Buchardt, B., and Noe-Nygaard,N., 2006, Tracking the Bronze Age fauna: preliminary investigations of anew Late Holocene tracksite, Lodbjerg dune system, northwest Jylland,Denmark: Hantkeniana, v. 5, p. 42-45. [Holocene; Europe, Denmark]
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347. Miller, A.H., and Ashley, J.F., 1934, Goose footprints on aPliocene mudflat: Condor, v. 36, p. 178-179. [Pliocene; North America,United States, California; Aves, goose]
348. Miller, G.J., Stout, B. and Remeika, P., 1982, Irvingtonianichnites from the Anza-Borrego Desert, California: Society of VertebratePaleontology, Abstracts with Programs 42nd Annual Meeting, Mexico City[Pleistocene; North America, United States, California]
349. Miller, G.J., Stout, B.W., and Remeika, P., 1982b, A preliminaryreport on mid-Blancan vertebrate ichnites from the Anza-Borrego desert:Abstracts with Programs, Western Association of Vertebrae Paleontolo-gists, San Diego, California. Unpaginated. [Pliocene; North America, UnitedStates, California]
350. Mirzaie Ataabadi, M., and Abbassi, N., 2006, New Neogenemammalian faunas and ichnofaunas from northwest and north Iran, in Qun,Y., Yongdong, W., and Weldon, E.A., eds., Ancient life and modern ap-proaches-abstracts of the second International Palaeontological Congress:Beijing, University of Science and Technology of China Press, p. 464-465.[Neogene; Asia, Iran; Mammalia]
351. Mirzaie Ataabadi, M., and Abbassi, N., 2007, Affinities andimplications of new Miocene mammal footprints from Iran: VertebrataPalAsiatica, v. 45, p. 128-136. [Miocene; Asia, Iran; Mammalia]
352. Mirzaie Ataabadi, M., and Khazaee, A., 2004, New Eocenemammal and bird footprints from Birjand area, eastern Iran: Ichnos, v. 1, p.363-370. [Eocene; Asia, Iran; Aves, Mammalia]
353. Mirzaie Ataabadi, M., and Sarjeant, W.A.S., 2000, Eocene mam-mal footprints from eastern Iran: a preliminary study: Comptes Rendus del’Academie des Sciences. Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes, v. 331, p. 543-547. [Eocene; Asia, Iran; Mammalia]
354. Mollesen, T.I., Oakley, K.P., and Vogel, J.C., 1972, The antiq-uity of the human footprints of Tana della Basura: Journal of Human Evo-lution, v. 1(5), p. 467-471. [Pleistocene; Europe, Italy; hominid]
355. Morgan, G.S., and Lucas, S.G., 2003, Mammalian biochronologyof Blancan and Irvingtonian (Pliocene and early Pleistocene) faunas fromNew Mexico: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 278,p. 269-320. [Pliocene; North America, United States, New Mexico;Camelidae]
356. Morgan, G.S., and Williamson, T.E., 2000, Middle Miocene(late Barstovian) vertebrates from the Benavidez Ranch local fauna, Albu-querque Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico’s Fossil Record 2. New MexicoMuseum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, v. 16, p. 195-207. [Mi-ocene; North America, United States, New Mexico; Aves, Avipedes,Camelidae, Gambapes, Felidae, Bestiopeda, Equidae, Rhinocertidae?]
357. Morgan, G.S., Lucas, S.G., Hawley, J.W., Love, D.W., and Myers,R.G., 2002, Mammal footprints from Pleistocene Lake Otero, TularosaBasin, White Sands Missile Range, Dona Ana County, New Mexico: NewMexico Geology v. 24, p. 67 (abstract). [Pleistocene; North America, UnitedStates, New Mexico; Camelidae, Proboscidea]
358. Morimoto, Y., and Tsuda, S., 1937, Fossil footprints discoveredin the vicinity of Akashi, Hyogo Prefecture: Hakubutuzasshi, v. 35, p. 419-421. [Pleistocene; Asia, Japan; Cervidae]
359. Mossman, D.J., and Sarjeant, W.A.S., 1983, The footprints ofextinct animals: Scientific American, v. 248(1), p. 74-85. [Pliocene; SouthAmerica, Argentina; Xenarthra, Megatheriidae]
360. Mountain, E.D., 1966, Footprints in calcareous sandstone atNahoon Point: South African Journal of Science, v. 62, p. 103-111. [Pleis-tocene; Africa, South Africa; Aves, Felidae, hominid]
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363. Murie, O., 1954, A Field Guide to Animal Tracks: New York,Houghton Mifflin Co. [Modern]
364. Mustoe, G.E., 1993, Eocene bird tracks from the ChuckanutFormation, northwest Washington: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v.30, p. 987-990. [Eocene; North America, United States, Washington; Aves]
365. Mustoe, G.E., 2002, Eocene bird, reptile and mammal tracksfrom the Chuckanut Formation, northwest Washington: Palaios, v.17(4),p. 403-413. [Eocene; North America, United States, Washington; Chelo-nia, Aves, Ardeipeda, Charadriipeda, Pantodonta or Dinocerata,Perissodactyla]
366. Mustoe, G.E., Dillhoff, R.M., and Dillhoff, T.A., 2007, Geol-ogy and paleontology of the early Tertiary Chuckanut Formation, in Stelling,P., and Tucker, D.S., eds., Floods, Faults, and Fire: Geological Field Trips inWashington State and Southwest British Columbia: Geological Society ofAmerica Field Guide 9, p. 121-135. [Eocene; North America, United States,Washington]
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372. Nichol, R., 1982, Fossilised human footprints in Rangitoto Ashon Motutapu Island: Geological Society of New Zealand Newsletter, v. 51,p. 11-13. [Pleistocene/Holocene; New Zealand; hominid]
373. Nininger, H.H., 1941, Hunting prehistoric lion tracks in Ari-zona: Plateau, v. 14, p. 21-27. [Pliocene; North America, United States,Arizona; Felidae]
374. Nixon, D.A., 1991, The presence of mammalian and aviantrackways in the Oligocene Toadstool Park channel sandstones in northernSioux County, Nebraska: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of theNebraska Academy of Sciences, p. 60-61. [Oligocene; North America, UnitedStates, Nebraska; Aves, Mammalia]
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378. Nojiri-ko Fossil Footprint Research Group, 1992, Footprintfossils of Naumann’s elephants discovered from the Upper PleistoceneNojiri-ko Formation: Chikyou Kagaku (Tokyo), v. 46, p. 385-404. [Pleis-tocene; Asia, Japan; Proboscidea, Mammuthus]
379. Nougier, L.–R., and Robert, R., 1954, Pech-Merle de Cabrerets:Toulouse: E. Privat, 16 p. [Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
380. Noval Fonseca, M.A., 2007, Cuevas tempranas (Posada, Llanes):Fragil Rastro del Pasado: Excavaciones Arqueologicos en Asturias 1999-2002, Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, Setvicio de Publicaciones, Oviedo,p. 207-213. [Pleistocene; Europe, Spain; hominid]
381. Nury, D. and Conesa, G., 2000, Interprétation sédimentologiqueet stratigraphique du site à empreintes de pas de vertébrés de Saignon(Vaucluse): Corrier Scientifique du Parc Natural Régional du Luberon, no. 4,p. 90-109. [Europe, France]
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386. Oishi, M., and Yoshida, H., 1998, Investigation on the Pleis-tocene fossil footprints in the lower part of the Isawa River, KitakamiLowland, northeast Japan: Research Report of the Iwate Prefectural Mu-seum, v. 14, p. 61-65. (in Japanese with English abstract) [Pleistocene; Asia,Japan]
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395. Oshida, S., 1967, Fossil footprints of birds from the Plioceneformation in the Mogami Coal field, Yamaga Prefecture: Bulletin YamagataUniversity (Natural Sciences), v. 6(4), p. 495-500. [Pliocene; Asia, Japan;Aves]
396. Owen, R., 1879, Memoirs of the extinct wingless birds of NewZealand, 2 Volumes: London, John van Voorst. [Pleistocene/Holocene; NewZealand; Aves, Ornithichnites, Dinornis]
397. Ozansoy, F., 1969, Pleistocene fossil human footprints inTurkey. Maden Tetkik Arama Enst: Bulletin of the Mineral Research andExploration Institute of Turkey, v. 72, p. 146-150. [Pleistocene; Asia,Turkey; hominid]
398. Packard, E.L., and Allison, I.S., 1980a, Fossil bear tracks inLake County, Oregon: Oregon Geology, v. 42, p. 1-2. [North America,United States, Oregon; Ursidae]
399. Packard, E.L., and Alison, I.S., 1980b, correction: Oregon Ge-ology, v. 42(4), p. 71-72. [North America, United States, Oregon; Ursidae]
400. Packard, E.L., Allison, I.S., and Cressman, L.S., 1951, Fossilmammal tracks in Lake County, Oregon: Oregon Academy of Science Pro-ceedings, v. 2, p. 14. [North America, United States, Oregon; Mammalia]
401. Padian, K., and Olsen, P.E., 1984, Footprints of the Komodomonitor and the trackways of fossil reptiles: Copeia v. 1984, p. 662-671.[Holocene; Varanus komodoensis; General]]
402. Pagel, B.E.J., and Edmunds, M.G., 1983, 100 years ago; Thesupposed human footprints recently found in Nevada: Nature, v. 304(5926),p. 488-489. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Nevada; Xenarthra,sloth]
403. Pales, L., 1954a, Le impronte di piedi umani nella “Tana dellaBasura” (Toirano) [The prints of human feet in the “Lair of the Basura”(Toirano)]: Rivista Antropologia, v. 41, p. 354-359. [Pleistocene/Holocene;Europe, Italy; hominid]
404. Pales, L., 1954b, Les empreintes de oieds humaine de la “Tanadella Basura” (Toirana) [The prints of human feet in the “Lair of theBasura” (Toirano)]: Rivista di Studi Liguri, v. 20, p. 5-12. [Pleistocene/Holocene; Europe, Italy; hominid]
405. Pales, L., 1960, Le vestigial umane nella Grotta della Basura aToirana. Les empreintes de pieds humains de la Grotta della Basura [Humanremains from the Grotto of Basura a Toirna. Human footprints from theGrotto of Basura a Toirna.]: Rivista di Studi Liguri, v. 26, p. 25-90. [Pleis-tocene/Holocene; Europe, Italy; hominid]
406. Pales, L., 1976, Les empreintes de pieds dans les cavernes:Archeologie Institut Paleontologie Humaine, v. 36, p. 1-166. [ Pleistocene/Holocene; hominid]
407. Pales, L., and de St Pereuse, M.T., 1976, Les gravures de laMarche II. Les Humains. Paris, Editions Ophyrs, 178 p. [Pleistocene/Ho-locene; hominid]
408. Panin, N., 1961a, Sur quelques traces mecaniques et organiquesdu Miocene au confluent de la Punta de la Zabala [On some mechanical andorganic traces in the Miocene at the confluence of Punta of Zabala]: Studiiºi Cercetãri de Geologie, v. 6, p. 63-73. [Miocene; Europe, Romania; Aves,Ardeipeda egretta, Ardeipeda gigantea, Ardeipeda incerta, Gruipedamaxima, Charadriipeda recurvirostrioidea, Charadriipeda minima,Charadriipeda disjuncta, Charadriipeda becassia, Antipeda anas, Artio-dactyla, Carnivora, Proboscidea]
409. Panin, N., 1961b, Asupra unor urme organice si mecanice dinMiocenul de la confluenta Putnei Cu Zabala. Studii ºi Cercetãri de Geologie,v. 6, p. 63-73. [Miocene; Europe, Romania; Aves, Artiodactyla,]
410. Panin, K., 1965, Coexistence de traces des vertèbres et demécanoglyphes dan la molasse Miocène des Carpathes orientales [Coexist-ence of traces of vertebrates and mechanical cuts in the Miocene Easternmolasse of the Carpathians]: Revue Roumaine Géologie GéophysiqueGéographique,v. 7(2), p. 141-163. [Miocene; Europe, Romania; Aves,Charadriipeda minor, Charadriipeda minima, Charadriipeda recurvirostra,Charadriipeda becassi, Charadriipeda disjuncta, Gruipeda intermedia,
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411. Panin, N., and Avram, E., 1962, Nouvelles empreintes devertebres dans le Miocene de la zone subcarpathique roumaine [New foot-prints of vertebrates from the Miocene of the Subcarpathian zone, Roma-nia]: Studii ºi Cercetãri de Geologie v. 7(3-4), p. 455-484. [Miocene; Eu-rope, Romania; Aves, Ardeipeda egretta, Ardeipeda gigantea, Ardeipedaincerta, Gruipeda maxima, Charadriipeda recurvirostroides, Charadriipedaminima, Charadriipeda disjuncta, Charadriipeda becassi, Anatipeda anas,Artiodactyla, Pecoripeda gazella, Felidae, Felipeda lynxi, Canidae, Canipedalongigriffa, Proboscidea, Proboscipeda enigmatica]
412. Panin, N., Lazarescu, V., and Grujinschi, C., 1966, Un nousector ichno-fosilifer in depozitele Miocene din Carpatii Orientali: BuletinulInstitutului de Petrol, Gaze si Geologie, v. 13, p. 2. [Miocene; Europe]
413. Panin, N., and Stefanescu, M., 1968, Un nou punct ichno-fosilifer in molasa Miocena din Carpatii Orientali, v.13(2), p. 521-525.[Miocene; Europe, Romania; Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla]
414. Patterson, J., and Lockley, M., 2004, A probable Diatrymatrack from the Eocene of Washington: An intriguing case of controversyand skepticism: Ichnos, v. 11(3-4), p. 341-347. [Eocene; North America,United States, Washington; Aves, Ornithoformipes controversus]
415. Paucã, M., 1942, Empreintes de pas de Palmipédes danl’Helvétien carpatique du départment de Putna: Bulletin of the GeologicalSociety of Romania, v. 5, p. 85-87. [Miocene; Europe, Romania; Aves]
416. Payros A., Astibia, H., Cearreta, A., Pereda-Suberbiola, X.,Murelaga, X., and Badiola, A., 2000, The Upper Eocene South PyreneanCoastal Deposits (Liedena Sandstone, Navarre): Sedimentary facies, benthicforaminifera and avian ichnology: Facies, v. 42, p. 107-132. [Eocene,Europe, Spain; Aves, Ciconiiformes, Leptoptilostipus pyrenaicus,Charadriiformes, Charadriipeda]
417. Peabody, F.E., 1940, Trackways of Pliocene and RecentSalamandroids of the Pacific Coast of North America [Masters Thesis],Berkeley, University of California. [Pliocene, Holocene; North America;Urodela, salamander]
418. Peabody, F.E., 1954, Trackways of an ambystomatid salamanderfrom the Paleocene of Montana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 28, p. 79-83.[Paleocene; North America, United States, Montana; Urodela,Ambystomatidae]
419. Peabody, F.E., 1959, Trackways of living and fossil salamanders:University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 63, p. 1-72.[Pliocene; North America, United States, California; Urodela, salamander]
420. Peet, S.D., 1889, The age of the Nicaraguan foot-prints: Ameri-can Antiquarian, v. 11, p. 120-121. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua;hominid]
421. Peet, S.D., 1891, The footprints in Nicaragua: American Anti-quarian, v. 13, p. 300. [Holocene; Central America, Nicaragua; hominid]
422. Pérez-Lorente, F., Serrano, F., Rodríguez, T., Mancheño, M.Ä., and Romero, M., 1999, Pisadas fósiles de mamíferos en el Miocenosuperior de La Hoya de la Sima (Jumilla, Murcia, España): Boletín de laSociedad Española de Paleontología, v. 14(2), p. 257-267. [Miocene; Eu-rope, Spain; Perissodactyla, Hippipeda, Artiodactyla, Megapecoripeda,Carnivora, Carnivoripeda, Proboscidea, Proboscipeda]
423. Peron, E. – Le Mesle, 1880, Sur les empreintes de pas d’oiseauxobservées par M. Le Mesle dans le sud de l’algèrie: Ass. France Congr. Reims,p. 6. [Africa, Algeria; Aves]
424. Plaziat, J.-C., 1964, Pistes d’oiseaux et remainementssynsedimentaires dans le Lutetien du Detroit de Carcassonne (Aude): ComptesRendus de la Societe Geologique de France 1964, p. 149. (abstract). [Eocene;Europe, France; Aves]
425. Plaziat, J.-C., 1965, Pistes d’oiseaux et remainementssynsedimentaires dans le Lutetien du Detroit de Carcassonne (Aude): Bulle-tin de la Societe Geologique de France, v. 6, p. 289-293. [Eocene; Europe,France; Aves]
426. Politis, G.G., and Bayon, C., 1995, Early Holocene footprintsand sea mammals in the tidal zone of the Argentinian foreshore: Past, v. 20,p. 5-6. [Holocene; South America, Argentina; hominid]
427. Portis, A., 1879, Intorne ad alcune impronte eoceniche devertebrati recentemente scoperto en Piemonte: Tai. Real. Acad. Sci. Torino,v. 15, p. 10. [Eocene; Europe, Italy; Aves, Ornithichintes taurinus,Ornithichintes argenterae]
428. Prats, M., and López, G., 1995, Sintesis de la ichnofauna del
289Sinclinal d’Aramunt, entre Meridia d’Aramunt I el riu Segre (Prov. DeLleida): Paleontologia i Evolucío, v. 28-29, p. 247-267. [Oligocene; Eu-rope, Spain; Perissodactyla, Plagiolophustipus]
429. Quintana, C.A., Martinez, G.A., Osterrieth, M.L., and Mazzanti,D.L., 2001, Mammal footprints in a cave on the eastern edge of Tandiliarange, late Pleistocene of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina: Current Re-search in the Pleistocene, v. 18, p. 110-111. [Pleistocene; South America,Argentina; Mammalia]
430. Quintana, J., 1993, Descripción de un rato de Myotragus eicnitas de Hyponomys del yacimento cuaternario de Ses Penyes d’es Perico(Ciutadellad Menorca, Balears): Paleontolgía i Evolucío, InstitutoPaleontológico, Dr. M. Crusafont, Diputació de Barcelona, v. 26-27, p.271-279. [Pleistocene; Europe, Menoría; Bovidae, Myotragus, Rodentia,Hyponomys]
431. Raaf, J., F.M. de, Beets, C., and van der Sluijs, G.K., 1965,Lower Oligocene bird tracks from northern Spain: Nature v. 207, p. 146-148. [Oligocene; Europe, Spain; Aves]
432. Rat, P., 1960, Empreintes fossilisees: Bulletin Scientifique deBourgogne, v. 19, p. 10-11 (abstract). [Oligocene, Miocene; Europe, France;Aves]
433. Rector, C.H., 1979, 5,000-year-old footprints on the MojaveRiver, California, USA: Antiquity, v. 54, p. 149-150. [Holocene; NorthAmerica, United States, California; hominid]
434. Rector, C.H., 1983, Appendix B. Ancient human and animaltrackway, in Rector, C. H., Swenson, J. D., and Wilke, P. J., eds., Archaeo-logical Studies at Oro Grande, Mohave Desert, California: San BernardinoCounty Museum Association, Redlands, CA, p. 161-168. [Holocene; NorthAmerica, United States, California; hominid]
435. Rector, C.H., 1999, Human and animal trackway at Oro Grande:San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly, v. 46(2), p. 53-55.[Holocene; North America, United States, California; Aves, Procyonidae,Procyon, Canidae, Canis latrans, ungulate, hominid]
436. Remeika, P., 1999, Identification, stratigraphy and age of Neo-gene vertebrate footprints from the Vallecito-Fish Creek Basin, Anza-BorregoDesert State Park, California: San Bernardino County Museum AssociationQuarterly, v. 46(2), p. 37-45, 63. [Pliocene; North America, United States,California; Artiodactyla, Lamaichnum borregoensis, Gambapes?, Equidae,Hippipeda downsi, Felidae, Pumaeichnium milleri, Carnivora, Chelipestherates, , Perissodactyla, Thrinaxopus?]
437. Remeika, P., 2001, The Fish Creek Canyon ichnofauna: APliocene (Blancan) vertebrate footprint assemblage from Anza-BorregoDesert State park, California, in Santucci, V.L., and McClelland, L., eds.,Proceedings of the 6th Fossil Resource Conference, Geological ResourcesDivision, Technical Report., NPS/NRGRD/GRDTR-01/01, p. 55-75.[Pliocene; North America, United States, California; Aves, Gruipedadiabloensis, Mustelidae, Mustelidichnum vallecitoensis, Canidae, Chelipestherates, Felidae, Pumaeichnum milleri, Pumaeichnum stouti, Equidae,Hippipeda downsi, Camelidae,Lamaichnum borregoensis, Mega-lamaichnum albus, Proboscidea, Stegomastodonichnum garbanii]
438. Remeika, P., 2006, Fossil footprints of Anza-Borrego, inJefferson, G.T. and Lindsay, L., eds., Fossil Treasures of the Anza-BorregoDesert: the Last Seven Million Years: El Cajon, Sunbelt Publications, p.311-327. [Pliocene, Pleistocene; North America, United States, California;Aves, Gruipeda diabloensis, Mustelidae, Mustelidichnum vallecitoensis,Canidae, Chelipus therates, Felidae, Pumaeichnum milleri, Pumaeichnumstouti, Equidae, Hippipeda downsi, Cervidae, Odocoilichnum sp., Tayassuidae,Tayassuichnum sp., Camelidae, Camelopichnum sp., Lamaichnumboregoensis, Megalamaichnum albus, Proboscidea, Stegomastodonichnumgarbanii, Mammuthichnum sp.]
439. Renders, E., 1984, The gait of Hipparion sp. from fossil foot-prints in Laeotoli, Tanzania: Nature, v. 308, p. 179-181. [Pliocene; Africa,Tanzania; Equidae, Hipparion]
440. Renne, P.R., Feinberg, J.M., Waters, M.R., Arroyo-Cabrales, J.,Ochoa-Castillo, P., Perez-Campa, M., and Knight, K.B., 2005, Age of Mexi-can Ash with alleged ‘footprints.’: Nature, v. 438, p. E7-E8. [Pleistocene;North America, Mexico, Puebla; hominid]
441. Research Group for Fossil Footprints from Hattori-gawa inOoyamada Village, 1993, Research report of Fossil footprints of Hattori-gawa: Research Group for Fossil Footprints from Hattori-gawa in OoyamadaVillage and Department of Earth Science, Osaka City University, DainihonInsatsu Co, Osaka, 23 p. (in Japanese) [Asia, Japan]
442. Research Group for Fossil Footprints of Isawa-gawa, 1993,Research report of the Isawa-gawa mammalian ichno-assemblage: MizusawaCity Board of Education and Kanegasaki City Board of Education, IwatePrefecture, 61 p. (in Japanese) [Asia, Japan; Mammalia]
443. Research Group for Fossil Footprints of Ysu-gawa, 1995, Fos-sil Footprints from the Kobiwako Group at River Yasu, Kosei Town, ShigaPrefecture, central Japan: Research report of the Lake Biwa Museum ProjectOffice, no. 3, p. 1-134. (in Japanese with English abstract) [Asia, Japan]
444. Research Group for Fossil Footprints from the riverbed ofTamagawa, 2001a, The fossil footprints from the Kazusa Group at theriverbed of Asa-kawa in the western part of Kanto Plain: Abstract of theMeeting of Chigakudantai Kenkyukai (the Association for the GeologicalCollaboration in Japan) , v. 55, p. 198-201. (in Japanese). [Asia, Japan]
445. Research Group for Fossil Footprints from the riverbed ofTamagawa, 2001b, Report of the fossil footprints of Stegodon auroraefrom the Plio-Pleistocene Kazusa Group exposed at the riverbed of Tama-gawa in the western part of Kanto Plain, Japan: Education Board in AkishimaCity, 15 p. (in Japanese) [Plio-Pleistocene; Asia, Japan; Proboscidea, Stegodonaurorae]
446. Research Group for Fossils of Ishi-kawa in Tondabayashi City,1993, Fossil footprints of Tondabayashi: Research Group for Fossils of Ishi-kawa in Tondabayashi City, Dainihon Insatsu Co, Osaka, 248 p. (in Japa-nese) [Asia, Japan]
447. Research Group for the Fossil Footprints of Yasu-gawa, 1995.Fossil footprints from the Kobiwako Group at River Yasu, Kosei Town,Shiga Prefecture, Central Japan. Research Report of the Lake Biwa MuseumProject Office, v. 3, p. 1-134. [Plio-Pleistocene; Asia, Japan; Proboscidea,Cervidae]
448. Reynolds, R.E., 1999a, Pleistocene mammal tracks nearShoshone, southern Death Valley: San Bernardino County Museum Associa-tion Quarterly, v. 46(2), p. 27-29. [Pleistocene; North America, UnitedStates, California; Equidae, Camelidae, Proboscidea]
449. Reynolds, R.E., 1999b, Gomphothere tracks in southern Cali-fornia: San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly, v. 46(2), p.31-32. [Miocene; North America, United States, California; Proboscidea]
450. Reynolds, R.E., 2006a, Paleontological resource inventory ofMiocene (Barstovian) trackways at Owl Canyon Campground, Barstow,California: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v.34, p. 31. [Miocene; North America, United States, California;Amphicyonidae, Amphicyon, Camelidae; General]
451. Reynolds, R.E., 2006b, Imprints of horse hooves in the south-western Neogene fossil record: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 26(3),p. 115A (abstract) [Neogene; North America, United States, California,Nevada; Equidae, Nannippus]
452. Rich, P.V., 1979, The Dromornithidae, an extinct family oflarge ground birds endemic to Australia: Bulletin of the Australian Bureau ofMineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, v. 184, p. 1-195. [Mid-Ter-tiary; Australia; Aves, Dromornithidae]
453. Rich, P.V., and Green, R.H., 1974, Footprints of birds at SouthMt. Cameron, Tasmania: The Emu, v. 74(4), p. 245-248. [Mid-Tertiary;Tasmania; Aves, Dromornithidae]
454. Rich, P.V., and Gill, E., 1976, Possible dromornithid footprintsfrom Pleistocene dune sands of southern Victoria, Australia: The Emu, v.76(4), p. 221-223. [Pleistocene; Australia, Aves, Dromornithidae]
455. Richardson, F.B., and Ruppert, K., 1942, Nicaragua: CarnegieInstitute of Washington Yearbook, v. 41, p. 269-270. [Holocene; CentralAmerica, Nicaragua; hominid]
456. Robbins, L.M., 1985, Footprints: Collection, Analysis and In-terpretation: Springfield, Charles C. Thomas Publications. [General]
457. Robbins, L.M., 1987, “Hominid footprints from Site G”, inLeakey, M.D., and Harris, J.M., eds., Laetoli, a Pliocene Site in NorthernTanzania: Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 497-502. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanza-nia; hominid]
458. Robbins, L.M., Wilson, R.C., and Watson, P.J., 1981, Paleon-tology and archeology of Jaguar Cave, Tennessee, in Beck, B.F., ed., EighthInternational Congress of Speleology Proceedings, p. 377-380, [Pleistocene;North America, United States, Tennessee; Carnivora, Felidae, Pantheraonca]
459. Roberts, D., and Berger, L.R., 1997, Last Interglacial (c. 117Kr) human footprints from South Africa: South African Journal of Science,v. 93(8), p. 349-350. [Pleistocene; Africa, South Africa; hominid]
290460. Roberts, D., and Cole, K., 2003, Vertebrate trackways in late
Cenozoic coastal eolianites, South Africa: XVI INQUA Congress, Paper No.70-3. [Pleistocene; Africa, South Africa; Aves, herbivores, Carnivora, homi-nid]
461. Roberts, G., 2004, Ephemeral, subfossil mammalian and aviantracks within intertidal-zone, Flandrian sediment exposures at Formby Point,Sefton Coast, North West England, in Kim, K-Y., Kim, K-S., Park, S-I. andShin, M-K, eds., Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Qua-ternary Footprints of Hominids and Other Vertebrates, p. 54-83. [Ho-locene; Europe, England; Aves, Mammalia]
462. Roberts, G., Gonzales, S., and Huddart, D., 1996, IntertidalHolocene footprints and their archaeological significance: Antiquity, v. 70,p. 647-651. [Holocene; Europe, England; Aves, Grus, Bovidae, Bosprimigenius, Cervidae, Cervus elaphus, Capreolus sp., Equidae, Equus, homi-nid]
463. Robertson, G.M., and Sternberg. G.F., 1942, Fossil mammaltracks in Graham County, Kansas: Transactions of the Kansas Academy ofScience, v. 45, p. 258-261. [?Pliocene; North America, United States, Kan-sas; Carnivora, Rhinocerotidae, Camelidae, Mammut]
464. Rodríguez-de la Rosa, R., Aguillón-Martínez, M., López-Espinoza, J., and Eberth, D., 2004, The fossil record of vertebrate tracks inMexico: Ichnos, v. 11(1-2), p. 27-37. [Pleistocene; North America, Mexico,Puebla, Jalisco, Coahuila; Aves, Camelidae, Artiodactyla, small ungulates,Felidae, Proboscidea, hominid]
465. Rudel, A., 1940, Etude du gisement fossilifere du Puy Saint-Jean(Puy du Mur, Limagne d’Auvergne: Revue des Sciences Naturelles d’Auvergne,v. 6, p. 12-17. [Miocene; Europe, France]
466. Russell, L.S., 1930, Early Tertiary mammal tracks from Alberta:Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, v. 17(2), p. 217-221. [Pale-ocene; North America, Canada, Alberta; condylarth?]
467. Rutherford, R.L., and Russell, L.S., 1928, Mammal tracks fromthe Paskpoo beds of Alberta: American Journal of Science (5), v. 15, p. 262-264. [Paleocene; North America, Canada, Alberta; condylarth?]
468. Ryder, M.L., 1968, Caprovine foot-prints in a Roman Tile:Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, v. 99, p. 257-259.[Holocene; Scotland, Bovidae, Caprinae]
469. Sahly, A., 1961, Le plus petite main prehistorique du domaineFranco-Hispanique. Considerations sur les empreintes du mains d’enfantes aGargas: Travaux de l’Institut d’art préhistorique Toulouse, v. 4, p. 169-174.[Pleistocene; Europe, France, hominid]
470. Santamaria, R., López, G., and Casanovas Cladellas, M.L., 1990,Nuevos yacimentos con ichnitas de mamíferos del Oligoceno de los alrededoresde Agramunt (Leidi, España): Paleontolgía i Evolucío: InstitutoPaleontológico, Dr. M. Crusafont, Diputació de Barcelona No. 23, p. 141-152. [Oligocene; Europe, Spain; Creodonta, Creodontipus almenarensis,Creodontipus mongayensis, Plagiolophustipes montfalcoensis]
471. Santucci, V.L., Hunt, A.P., and Lockley, M.G., 1998, Fossilvertebrate tracks in National Park Service areas: Dakoterra, v. 5, p. 107-114. [North America, United States; General]
472. Santucci, V.L., Hunt, A.P., Nyborg, T, and Kenworthy, J.P.,2006, Additional fossil vertebrate tracks in National Park Service areas:New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 34, p. 152-158. [North America, United States; General]
473. Santucci, V.L., and Nyborg, T.G., 1999, Paleontological re-source management, systematic recording, and preservation of vertebratetracks within Death Valley National Park: San Bernardino County MuseumAssociation Quarterly, v. 46(2), p. 21-26. [Miocene; North America, UnitedStates, California; General]
474. Sarjeant, W.A.S., 1974, A history and bibliography of the studyof fossil footprints in the British Isles: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology, v. 16, p. 165-378. [Pleistocene/Holocene; Scotland; homi-nid]
475. Sarjeant, W.A.S., 1975, Fossil tracks and impressions of verte-brates, in Frey, R. W., ed., The Study of Trace Fossils: Springer-Verlag., p.283-324. [General]
476. Sarjeant, W.A.S., and Langston Jr., W., 1994, Vertebrate foot-prints and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (late Eocene) of Trans-Pecos, Texas: Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 36, p. 1-86. [Eocene;North America, United States, Texas; Chelonia, Chelonipus chadronicus,Chelonipus parvus, Aves, Gruipeda maxima, Gruipeda calcarifera,Ardeipeda egretta, Charadriipeda recurvirostrioidea, Avipeda adunca,
Avipeda aff. A. phoenix, Fuscinapeda meunieri, Fuscinapeda texana,Anatipeda anas, Insectivora, Schyromorphipus oxypages, Creodonta,Zanclonychopus cinicalcator, Carnviora, Miacoidea, Tetrastoibopus phoros,Falcatipes floriformis, Bestiopeda sp., Mustelidae, Phacelopus therates,Canidae, Chelipus sp., Amphicyonidae, Axiciapes ferox, Axiciapescurvidigitatus, Mesonychia, Corymbipes superstes,Perissodactyla/Creodonta,Palimmecopus praecursor, Tapiridae, Apoxypus tessellates, Rhinocerotidae,Thrinaxopus hoplephoreus, Entelodontidae, Anoplotheriipus zeuctus,Tragulidae/Cervidae, Pecoripeda sp., Cervipeda sp., Cervidae/Bovidae,Odocoileinichnium sp., Camelidae/Bovidae, Lamaichnum sp., Gambapeshastatus, Rodentia, Ptyariopus aichmanticheirus, Tricorynopus elaphrus]
477. Sarjeant, W.A.S., and Reynolds, R.E., 1999, Camelid and horsefootprints from the Miocene of California and Nevada: San BernardinoMuseum Association Quarterly, v. 46(2), p. 3-20. [Miocene; North America,United States, California, Nevada; Camelidae, Lamaichnum macropodum,Lamaichnum alfi, Lamaichnum obliquiclavum, Lamaichnum etoro-morphum, Bijugopeda simplex, Dizygopodium elachistum, Dizygopodiumquadracordatum, Dizygopodium dorydium, Equidae, Hippipedaaraiochelata, Hippipeda absidata, Hippipeda gyripeza]
478. Sarjeant, W.A.S., and Reynolds, R.E., 2001, Bird footprintsfrom the Miocene of California, in Reynolds, R.E., ed., The Changing Faceof the east Mojave Desert: California State University, Fullerton, DesertStudies Consortium, p. 21-40. [Miocene; North America, United States,California; Aves, Avipeda thrinax, Avipeda gryponyx, Aviadactyla panini,Aviadactyla vialovi, Ornithotarnocia lambrechti, Gruipeda becassi,Alaripeda lofgreni, Charadriipeda recurvirostroidea, Anatipeda californica,Anatipeda alfi, ?Anatipeda, Culcitapeda ascia, Culcitapeda tridens,Culcitapeda eccentrica]
479. Sarjeant, W.A.S., Reynolds, R.E., and Kissell-Jones, M.M., 2002,Fossil creodont and carnivore tracks from California, Nevada, and Wyo-ming, in Reynolds, R.E., ed., Between the Basins: Exploring the WesternMojave and Southern Basin and Range Province: California State Univer-sity, Fullerton, Desert Studies Consortium, p. 37-50. [Eocene, Miocene,North America, United States, California, Nevada, Wyoming; Creodonta,Quiritipes impendens, Amphicyonidae, Hirpexipes alfi, Ursidae, Platykopusilycalcator, Felidae, Pycnodactylopus achras, Felipeda scrivneri, Felipedabottjeri, Canidae, Canipeda sp. A, Canipeda sp. B]
480. Sarjeant, W.A.S., and Wilson, J.A., 1988, Late Eocene(Duchesnean) mammal footprints from the Skyline Channels of Trans-Pecos Texas: Texas Journal of Science, v. 40(4), p. 439-446. [Eocene;North America, United States, Texas; Creodonta, Dischidodacylus stevensi]
481. Schillizzi, A., Aramayo, S., and Caputo, R., 1992, Evolucióngeológica del yacimiento paleoicnológico de Puhuén-Co (Partido de CoronelRosales), provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina: Terceras Jornadas GeológicasBonaerenses, Actas, p. 53-57. [Pleistocene; South America, Argentina]
482. Schmidt, Z., 1965, [Find of fossil footprints of Cervidae andEquidae at Vysne Ruzbachy village]: Sborn. Vychodosloven. muzea vKosiciach. Ser. A, v. 6, p. 136. [Pleistocene; Europe, Slovakia; Cervidae,Equidae]
483. Schmincke, H.-U, Freundt, A. Kutterolf, S., and Perez, W.,2005, Escaping from a powerful eruption – the 6000 year old humanfootprints at Acahualinca (Nicaragua): 19th Colloquium on Latin AmericasGeosciences, Potsdam, (April 18-20, 2005). [Holocene; Central America,Nicaragua; hominid]
484. Schobinger, J., 1957, Las mas antiguas huellas de pies humanos:Acta Praehist., v. 1, p. 112-117. [hominid]
485. Scout, J. J., and Renaut, R.W., 2004, Taphonomy of vertebratetraces around saline, alkaline and freshwater lakes, in Buatois, L. A. andMangano, M.G., eds., Ichnia 2004, First International Concgress onIchnology: April 19-23, 2004, Museo Paleontologico Egidio Feruglio, Trelew,Patagonica, Argentina. Abstract Book, p. 77 . [Pleistocene/Holocene; Af-rica, Kenya; General]
486. Scrivner, P.J., 1984, Stratigraphy, sedimentology and verte-brate ichnology of the Copper Canyon Formation (Neogene), Death ValleyNational Monument: [Thesis] Los Angeles, University of South California,334 p. [Pliocene; North America, California; Aves, Mammalia]
487. Scrivner, P.J., and Bottjer, D.J., 1986, Neogene avian and mam-malian tracks from Death Valley National Monument, California: Theircontext, classification and preservation: Palaeogeography, Palaeo-climatology Palaeoecology, v. 57(2-4), p. 285-331. [Pliocene; NorthAmerica, United States, Nevada; Aves, Avipeda, Felidae, Bestiopeda
291(Felipeda), Equidae, Hippipeda, Artiodactyla, Pecoripeda (Ovipeda),Pecoripeda (Gazellipeda), Proboscidea, Proboscipeda]
488. Seilacher, A., 2007, Trace Fósil Análisis: Berlin, Springer, 226p. [General]
489. Sharma, S., Jhala, Y., and Sawarkar, V.B., 2005, Identificationof individual tigers (Panthea tigris) from their pugmarks: Journal of Zool-ogy, London, v. 267, p. 9-18. [Holocene; Asia; Felidae, Panthea tigris;General]
490. Sheldon, I., Hartson, T., and Elbroch, M., 2000, Animal Tracksof New England: Renton, Lone Pine Publishing. [North America; Modern]
491. Shikama, T., 1936, The footprints in Nishiygi, Akashi-gun,Hyogo Prefecture: Chikyu, v. 26(5), p. 558-560. [Asia, Japan]
492. Simpson, G.G., 1941, Discovery of jaguar bones and footprintsin a cave in Tennessee: American Museum Novitates No. 1131, p. 1-12.[Pleistocene; North America, United Status, Tennessee; Felidae, Pantheraonca]
493. Smith, P.R., 1982, Sedimentology and diagenesis of the Mi-ocene Peace Valley Formation, Ridge Basin, southern California, in Crowell,J.C., and Lin, M.H., eds., Geologic History of Ridge Basin, Southern Califor-nia: Society of Economic Paleontology and Mineralogy, Pacific Section, p.151-158. [Miocene; North America, United States, California; Mammalia]
494. Smith, R., 1982, Animal Tracks and Signs of North America:Harrisburg, Stackpole Books. {North America, Modern]
495. Speck, J., 1945, Fáhrtenfunde aus dem subalpinen Burdigalienund ihre bedeutung für fazies und paläogeographie der oberen Meeresmolasse:Ecologae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 28(1), p. 411-416. [Miocene; Europe,Switzerland; Aves]
496. Spencer, R.S., Nyborg, T.G., and Buchheim, P.H., 2003, Mam-mal trackways and associated sedimentary structures from Pliocene lacus-trine sediments of the Palm Spring formation at Camel Ridge, Anza-BorregoState Park, California: Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section -99th Annual Meeting, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco (April 1–3, 2003). [Pliocene;North America, United States, California; Aves, Camelidae, Carnivora]
497. Squires, R.L., and Advocate, D.M., 1982, Sedimentary faces ofthe nonmarine Lower Miocene Diligencia Formation, Canyon Springs area,Orocopia Mountains, southern California, in Crowell, J.C., and Lin, M.H.,eds., Geologic History of Ridge Basin, Southern California: Society of Eco-nomic Paleontology and Mineralogy, Pacific Section, p. 101-106. [Mi-ocene; North America, United States, California; Aves?]
498. Stan, I., 1964, Vestiges d’Hipparion dans le Vindoboniend’Andreiasu (Vrancea), Dari de Seama: Comitetul Institutul de Geologie, v.50(2), p. 407-414. [Miocene; Europe, Romania; Equidae, Hipparion]
499. Stehlin, H.G., 1909, Remarques sur les faunes de mammifèresdes couches éocènes et oligocènes du Bassin de Paris: Bulletin de les SociétéGéologique de France, 4e série, v.. IX, p. 488-520. [Eocene, Oligocene;Europe, France; Mammalia]
500. Stock, C., 1920, Origin of the supposed human footprints ofCarson City, Nevada: Fort Hays Studies, Science Series, v. 51, p. 514. [Pleis-tocene; North America, United States, Nevada; Xenarthra, sloth]
501. Stock, C., 1925, Cenozoic gravigrade edentates of westernNorth America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinaeand Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea: Carnegie Institute of Washington,no. 331, p. 1-206. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Nevada;Xenarthra, Mylodontidae]
502. Stock, C., 1936, Sloth tracks in the Carson prison: Westways, v.28(7), p. 26-27. [Pleistocene; North America, United States, Nevada;Xenarthra, Mylodontidae]
503. Stout, B.W., Miller, G.J., and Remeika, P., 1987, Neogenemega-vertebrate ichnites from the Vallecito Basin, Anza-Borrego DesertState Park, California: Desert Protective Council Educational Bulletin, v.87-1Sp, p. 5. [Pliocene/Pleistocene; North America, United States, Califor-nia; Mammalia]
504. Stout, B.W., and Remeika, P., 1991, Status report on threemajor camelid tracksites in the lower Pliocene delta sequence, Vallecito-Fish Creek Basin, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park: Symposium on theScientific Value of the Desert. Anza-Borrego Foundation, Borrego Springs,California, p. 9. [Pliocene/Pleistocene; North America, United States, Cali-fornia; Camelidae]
505. Stuart, C., and Stuart, T., 1994, Tracks and Signs of Southernand East African Wildlife: Halfway House, Southern Books, 310 p. [Africa;Modern]
506. Suwa, G., 1984, Could Australopithecus afarensis have madethe hominid tracks at Laetoli?: Journal of Physical Anthropology, v. 963, p.224-225. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
507. Swinehart, J.B., and Loope, D.B., 1987, Late Cenozoic geologyalong the summit to museum hiking trail, Scotts Bluff National Monument,western Nebraska: Geological Society of America Field Guide, North CentralSection, p. 13-18. [Miocene; North America, United States, Nebraska;Entelodontidae, entelodont?]
508. Takahashi, K., and Okamura, Y., 2004, Neogene and Pleis-tocene footprint fossils of Japan, with special reference to footprints fromthe Plio-Pleistocene Kobiwako Group, central Japan, in Kim, J. Y., Kim,K.-S., Park, S. I., and Shin, M.-K., eds. International Symposium on Quater-nary Footprints of Hominids and other Vertebrates: Jeju, Korea, Oct 9-11th
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509. Takakura, J., 2004, Overview of the Late Pleistocene archaeol-ogy and vertebrate evidence in northern Japan, in Kim, J. Y., Kim, K.-S.,Park, S. I., and Shin, M.-K., eds. International Symposium on QuaternaryFootprints of Hominids and other Vertebrates: Jeju, Korea, Oct 9-11th 2004,p. 111. [Pleistocene; Asia, Japan]
510. Tasnadi Kubacska, A., 1976, As ipolytarnóci lábnyomoshomokkõ õséletnyomai. [Traces of prehistoric life in the sandstone withfootprints at Ipolytarnoc]: Hung, Földtani Intézet Évi Jelentése 1974, p.77-94. [Miocene; Europe, Hungary; Aves, Ornithotarnocia lambrechti]
511. Tedford, R.H., 1973, The Diprotodons of Callabonna: Austra-lian Natural History, v. 17, p. 349-354. [Pleistocene; Australia; Marsupialia,Diprotodon]
512. Tekkaya I., 1976, Insanlara ait fosil ayak izleri: yeryuvavari veinsane [Human fossil footprints: the prints and the person]: Cografya, v. 1,p. 8-10. [hominid]
513. Terry, D.O. Jr., and Wells, W.B., 1995, The White River Grouprevisited: vertebrate trackways, ecosystems, and lithostratigraphic revi-sion, redefinition, and redescription, in Diffendal, R.F., and Flowerday, C.A.,eds., Geologic Field Trips in Nebraska and Adjacent Parts of Kansas andSouth Dakota: University of Nebraska-Lincoln Conservation and SurveyDivision Guidebook 10, p. 43-57. [Eocene, Oligocene; North America,United States, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota; Mammalia]
514. Thenius, E., 1948, Bemerkungen uber die angeblichenAnchitherium und Amphicyoniden fahrten aus dem Burdigal von Ipolytarnoc(Ungarn): Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, v.157, p. 223-230. [Miocene; Europe, Hungary; Equidae, Anchitherium,Amphicyonidae]
515. Thenius, E., 1967, Saugetierfahrten aus dem RohrbacherKonglomerat (Pliozän) von Neiderösterreich: Annalen des NaturhistorischenMuseums in Wien, Serie A, v. 71, p. 363-379. [Pliocene; Europe, Austria;Carnivora, Bestiopeda sp., Bestiopeda amphicyonides, Bestiopeda guoides]
516. Thompson, M.E., Meldrum, J., White, R.S., and Thrasher,L.C., 2002, Camel tracks and trackways from late Pliocene deposits, Gra-ham County, Arizona: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 22(3), p.114A. [Pliocene; North America, United Status, Arizona; Camelidae]
517. Tkachenko, O. F., Pishvanova, L.S., and Shvareva, N. Ia.,1967, [Tracks of birds and of a carnivore in “Guka” beds on Rybnitsa R. inCiscarpathia]: Byulleten’ Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody,Otdel Geologicheskiy, v. 42(4), p. 125-128. [Europe, Russia; Aves, Car-nivora]
518. Tobien, H., 1950, Uber Saugerfahrten aus dem Alttertiar dessudlichen Rheintales: Mittbl. Bad. Geologishes Landesanst, 1949, p. 27-33.[Neogene; Europe, Germany; Mammalia]
519. Tobein, H., 1952, Uber die Function der Seitenzehen tridactylerEquiden: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaontologie. Abhandlungen, v.96, p. 137-171. [Eocene, Oligocene; Europe, Germany; Equidae]
520. Tokunaga, S., and Naora, N., 1934, Fossil footprints of mam-mals near Akashi, Hiogo Prefecture: Journal Geological Society Tokyo, v.41, p. 515-519. [Asia, Japan; Mammalia]
521. Tokunaga, S., and Takai, F., 1939, A study of Metacervulusastylodon (Matsumoto) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan: Transactions ofthe Biogeographical Society of Japan, v. 3, p. 221-248. [Pliocene; Asia,Japan; Cervidae, Metacervulus astylodon]
522. Trombe, F., and Dubuc, G., 1947, Le Centre prehistorique deGanties Montespan (Haute Garonne): Archives de l’Institut de PaleontologieHumaine, Memoire 22, p. 1-228. [Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
292523. Tuttle, R.H., 1987, Kinesiological inferences and evolutionary
implications from Laetoli bipedal trails G-1, G-2/3, NS a”, ”, in Leakey,M.D., and Harris, J.M., eds. Laetoli, a Pliocene Site in Northern Tanzania:Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 503-523. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; homi-nid]
524. Tuttle, R.H., 1990, The Pitted Pattern of Laetoli Feet: NaturalHistory (March), p. 61-66. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
525. Tuttle, R.H., 2004, Footprint clues in forensics and hominidevolution: limitations and lessons, in Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.-S., Park, S.I., andShin, M.-K., eds., International Symposium on Quaternary Footprintsof Hominids and other Vertebrates: Jeju, Korea, Oct 9-11th 2004, p. 44-53.[Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
526. Tuttle, R.H., Webb, D, Weidi, E., and Baksh, M., 1990, Furtherprogress on the Laetoli trails: Journal of Archeological Science, v. 17, p.347-362. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
527. Uchman, A., Pika-Biolzi, M., and Hochuli, P.A., 2004, Oli-gocene trace fossils from temporary fluvial plain ponds: An example fromthe Freshwater Molasse of Switzerland: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v.97(1), p. 133-148. [Oligocene; Europe, Switzerland; Bovidae, Pecoripeda(Ovipeda)]
528. Vallois, H.V., 1927, Les empreintes de pieds humains du Tucd’Audoubert, de Caberets et de Ganties: Institut Internacionald’Anthropologie, III Session, Ámsterdam, p. 328-334. [Pleistocene; Eu-rope, France; hominid]
529. Vallois, H.V., 1931, Les empreintes de pieds humains des grottespréhistoriques du Midi de la France: Paléobiologica, v. 4(1-2), p. 79-98.[Pleistocene; Europe, France; hominid]
530. Valsik, J. A., 1951, [The interpretation of the fingerprints fromDolni Vestonice], Zpravy anthropologické Spolecnosti, v. 4(5-6), p. 94-95.[Pleistocene; Europe, Czechoslovakia; hominid]
531. Van der Lingen, G. J., and Andrews, P.B., 1969, Hoof-printstructures in beach sand: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 39, p. 350-357. [General]
532. Vandike, J.E., 1983, Of caves and cat tracks: Missouri Life(July/August, v. 83, p. 49-54. [Pleistocene ; North America, United States,Missouri; Felidae, Panthera onca]
533. Vega, F.J., Nyborg, T.G., Perrilliat, M. del C., and Quiznos-Barroso, S.A., 2006, Studies in Mexican Paleontology: Topics in Geobiology,v. 24, New York, Springer, 308 p. [Pleistocene/Holocene; Mexico]
534. Veliz, V., 1978, Huellas Humanas en Guaimaca, Honduras: Yaxkin,Instituto Honureno de Antropologia e Histoiria, Tegucigalpa, v. II (4), p.263-269. [Holocene; Central America, Honduras; hominid]
535. Vereshchagin, N.K., and Zakharenko, L.V., 1967, [Tracks mil-lions of years old]: Priroda, 1967, v.12, p. 99. [Miocene; Europe; Felidae,Machairodus]
536. Vialov, O.S., 1960, [A new fossil footprint of a bird in theMiocene of Ciscarpathia]: Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences del’URSS, v. 135, p. 1237-1239. [Miocene; Europe; Aves]
537. Vialov, O.S., 1961, Novüe iszkopaemüj szled ptieü v MiocenePredkarpatija. [New Fossil footprint of a bird in the Miocene of Ciscarpathia]:Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR, Earth Science Section, v. 135(5), p. 1310-1312. [Miocene; Europe; Aves]
538. Vialov, O.S., 1965, Opisaniye sledov verblyudov i polorogikh izpliotsena Zapadnoy Turmenii: Paleontologicheskii Sbornik (L’vov), v. 19,p. 60-68. [Miocene; Europe; Aves, Mammalia]
539. Vialov, O.S., 1965, Sztratigrafija neogenovüh molassezPredkarpatszkovo progiva: Naukova Dumka, Kiev. [Neogene; Asia, Russia;Carnivora, Bestiopeda bestia, Bestiopeda sanguinolenta, Bestiopeda gra-cilis, Artiodactyla, Pecoripeda (Gazellipeda) amalphaea]
540. Vialov, O.S., 1966a, Sledy zhiznedeyatel’nosti organizmov Iikh paleontologicheskoe znachenie [Traces of the vital activity of organ-isms and their paleontological significance]: Akademii Nauk Ukranian SSR.,29 p. [Europe, Ukraine; Equidae, Hippipeda aurelianis, Artiodactyla,Pecoripeda]
541. Vialov, O.S., 1966b, Spuren der lebenstätigkeit von organismenund ihre paläontologische bedeutung: Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR, p. 1-129. [General]
542. Vialov, O.S., 1982a, [The description of the tracks of camelsand cavicorns from the Pliocene of Western Turkmenia]:Paleontologicheskii Sbornik v. 19, p. 60-68. [Pliocene; Asia, Turkmenia;Camelidae, cavicorns]
543. Vialov, O.S., 1982b, New localities of traces of Pliocene verte-brates in the USSR: Ichnology Newsletter, v. 13, p. 8. [Pliocene; Europe,Russia]
544. Vialov, O.S., 1983, [The tracks of prey beasts and birds fromthe Pliocene of the western Turkmenia]: Paleontologicheskii Sbornik, v.20, p. 74-79. [Pliocene; Asia, Turkmenistan; Aves, Mammalia]
545. Vialov, O.S., 1984a, Footprints of vertebrates at Ipoitarnotz inthe Lower Miocene of Hungary:. All-State Paleontology Society, p. 20-21.[Miocene; Europe, Hungary]
546. Vialov. O.S., 1984b, Sledy verblyudov i drugikh pozvonochnykhv pliotsene Zapadnoy Turkmenii. in Kruchinina, N. V., ed., Sledy zhizni idinamika sredy v drevnikh biotopakh; tezisy dokladov XXX sessiiVsesoyuznogo paleontologicheskogo obshchestva, St. Petersburg v. 30, p.18-21. [Miocene; Asia, Turkmenistan; Camelidae, Camelipeda turkomenica]
547. Vialov, O.S., 1986, Artiodactyla’s traces from the Lower Mi-ocene of Hungary. Paleontologicheskii Sbornik, v. 23, p. 63-69. [Miocene;Europe, Hungary; Artiodactyla]
548. Vialov, O.S., 1989, Pliocene bird tracks from Iran assigned tothe genus Urmiornis: Paleontological Journal, v. 23(3), p. 119-121.[Pliocene; Asia, Iran; Aves, Urmiornis]
549. Vialov, O.S., and Flerov, K.K., 1953, Novüe nahodki szledovpozvonocsnüh zsivotnüh v Dobrotovszkih szlojah Predkarpatija. [New dis-coveries of tracks of vertebrates in the Dobrotovsky beds of Precarpathia]:Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences de l’URSS, v. 90(3), p. 465-467. [Miocene; Ukraine]
550. Vialov, O.S., and Flerov, K.K., 1954, Novüe nahodkiiszkopaemüh szledov poszvonocsnüh zsivotnüh v Miocene Predkarpatija.Byulleten’ MoskovskogoObshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, OtdelGeologicheskiy, v. 29(2), p. 103-104. [Miocene; Ukraine]
551. Vialov, O.S., and Uzakov, O.U., 1981, [Fossil tracks of camelsand other vertebrates in the Akchagylian deposits of western Turkmena]:Byulleten’ MoskovskogoObshchestva Ispytateley Prirody, OtdelGeologicheskiy, v. 57(3), p. 118. [Pliocene; Asia, Turkmenistan; Camelidae]
552. Vizcaino, S.F., Zarate, M., Bargo, M.S., and Dondas, A., 2001,Pleistocene burrows in the Mar del Plata area (Argentina) and their probablebuilders: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 46(2), p. 289-301. [Pleistocene;South America, Argentina; Xenarthra, sloth]
553. Vleck, E., 1951, [The impressions of the papillary lines of alate Pleistocene man from Dolni Vestonice]: Zpravy AnthropologickéSpolecnosti, v. 4(5-6), p. 90-94. [Pleistocene; Europe, Czechoslovakia;hominid]
554. Vleck, E., 1953, Empreintes papillaires d’un home paleolithique:L’Athropologie, v. 56, p. 557-558. [Pleistocene; Europe, Czechoslovakia;hominid]
555. Voy, C.D., 1880, On the occurrence of footprints of Dinornisat Poverty Bay, New Zealand: American Naturalist, v. 14, p. 682-684.[Pleistocene/Holocene; New Zealand; Aves, Dinornis]
556. Wagner, H.M., Riney, B.O., Deméré, T.A., and Prothero, D.R.,2001, Magnetic stratigraphy and land mammal chronology of the PlioceneSan Diego Formation, San Diego County, California, in Prothero D.R., ed.,Magnetic Stratigraphy of the Pacific Coast Cenozoic: Pacific Section SEPMBook 91, p. 359-368. [Pliocene; North America, United States, California;Mammalia]
557. Watson, P.J., 1969, The prehistory of Salts Cave, Kentucky:Illinois State Museum Reports of Investigations 16, p. 1-86. [Holocene;North America, United States, Kentucky; hominid]
558. Watson, P.J., Kennedy, M.C, Willey, P., Robbins, L., and Wil-son, R.C., 2005, Prehistoric footprints in Jaguar Cave, Tennessee: Journalof Field Archaeology, v. 30(1), p. 25-43. [Holocene; North America, UnitedStates, Tennessee; hominid]
559. Webb, S.D., 1972, Locomotor evolution in camels: Forma etFunctio, v. 5, p. 99-112. [Cenozoic; North America; Camelidae; General]
560. Webb, S., 2007, Further research of the Willandra Lakes fossilfootprint site, southeastern Australia: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 52, p.711-715. [Pleistocene; Australia; hominid]
561. Webb, S., Cupper, M.L., and Robins, R., 2006, Pleistocenehuman footprints from the Willandra Lakes, southeastern Australia: Jour-nal of Human Evolution, v. 50(4), p. 405-413. [Pleistocene; Australia, NewSouth Wales; Marsupialia, kangaroo, hominid]
562. Weidmann, M., and Reichel, R., 1979, Trace des pattes d’oiseauxdans la Molasse Suisse: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 72, p. 953-971.
293[Oligocene/Miocene; Europe, Switzerland; Aves]
563. West, R.M., Pamt, T.R, Hutchison, J.R., and Conroy, G.C.,1983, Fossil mammal footprints from the Siwaliks of south-central Asia:Current Science, v. 52, p. 12-16. [Miocene; Asia, India; Cervidae/Bovidae,Anthracotheriidae,?anthracothere]
564. Wetmore, A., 1956, Footprint of a bird from the Miocene ofLouisiana: Condor, v. 58(5), p. 389-390. [Oligocene; North America, UnitedStates, Louisiana; Aves]
565. White, T.D., 1981, Evolutionary implications of Pliocene homi-nid footprints: Science, v. 208, p. 175-176. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania;hominid]
566. White, T.D., and Suwa, G., 1987, Hominid footprints at Laetoli:Facts and Interpretation: American Journal of Physical Anthropology, v.72(4), p. 485-514. [Pliocene; Africa, Tanzania; hominid]
567. Wiedmann, M., and Reichel, M., 1979, Traces de pattes d’oissauxdans la Molasse suisse: Ecologae Geologica Helvetica, v. 72(3), p. 953-971.[Europe, Switzerland; Aves]
568. Willey, P., Stollen, J., Crothers, G., and Watson, P.J., 2005,Preservation of prehistoric footprints in Jaguar Cave, Tennessee: Journal ofCave and Karst Studies, v. 67(1), p. 61-68. [Holocene; North America,United States, Tennessee; hominid]
569. Williams, H., 1952, Geological observations on the ancienthuman footprints near Managua, Nicaragua: Contributions to AmericanAnthropology and History, v. 52, p. 1-31. [Holocene; Central America,Nicaragua; hominid]
570. Williams, W.L., 1872, On the occurrence of footprints of alarge bird found at Turanganui, Poverty Bay: New Zealand Institute, Pro-ceedings and Transactions, v. 4, p. 124-127. [Pleistocene/Holocene; NewZealand; Aves, moa]
571. Williamson, T.E., and Lucas, S.G., 1996, Mammal footprintsfrom the Miocene-Pliocene Ogallala Formation, eastern New Mexico: NewMexico Geology, v. 18, p. 1-5. [Miocene/Pliocene; North America, UnitedStates, New Mexico; Canidae, Camelidae, Equidae]
572. Williamson, T.E., and Morgan, G.S., 1995, Middle Miocene(late Barstovian/early Clarendonian) vertebrate fossils and ichnofossils fromthe “Middle Red Member,” Zia Formation, Ceja del Rio Puerco, SandovalCounty, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 17, p. 30 (abstract). [Mi-ocene; North America, United States, New Mexico; Aves, Felidae, Canidae,Equidae, Camelidae, Antilocapridae, Gomphotheridae]
573. Williamson, T.E., and Morgan, G.S., 2001, Avian and Mamma-lian tracks from the middle Miocene (late Barstovian) Benavidez Ranchlocal fauna, Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 23, p.65-66. [Miocene; North America, United States, New Mexico; Aves, Mam-malia]
574. Wilson, J.A., 1984, Casting of endangered Oligocene foot-
prints, Presidio County, Texas: National Geographic Research Reports,1975 Projects, v. 16, p. 811-813. [Oligocene; North America, United States,Texas; General]
575. Wilson, K., 1913, Footprints of the moa: Transactions of theNew Zealand Institute, v. 45, p. 211-212. [Pleistocene/Holocene; NewZealand; Aves, moa]
576. Wright, G.R., Crist, B, Riddle, T., and Corgan, J.X., 1982,Pleistocene footprints from Centerville Cave, Hickman County, Tennes-see: Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, v. 57, p. 44 (abstract).[Pleistocene; North America, United States, Tennessee; Felidae, jaguar,bobcat, Mustelidae, otter]
577. Yang, S.-Y., Lockley, M.G., Greben, R., Erickson, B.R., andLim, S.Y., 1995, Flamingo and duck-like bird tracks from the late Creta-ceous and early Tertiary: evidence and implications: Ichnos, v. 4(1), p. 21-34. [Eocene; North America, United States; Aves, Presbyorniformipesfeduccii]
578. Yasuno, T., 1997, Early-Middle Miocene (Kunimi Formation)foot prints of mammals from Koshino Village, Fukui Prefecture, centralJapan: Bulletin of the Fukui City Museum of Natural History, no. 44, p. 29-44. (in Japanese) [Miocene; Asia, Japan; Mammalia]
579. Yasuno, T., 2006, Mammalian footprint fossils from Muraoka,southern Kasumi Town, Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan: Bulletin of theFukui City Museum of Natural History, no. 53, p. 35-40. (in Japanese withEnglish abstract) [Asia, Japan; Mammalia]
580. Yates, L.G., 1898, Ancient human footprints in Nicaragua: TheCalifornia Florist and Gardener, v. 1(7), p. 118. [Pleistocene; Central America,Nicaragua; hominid]
581. Yuan, G., Russell, J., Klette, R., Rosenthal, B., and Stones-Havas, S., 2005, Understanding tracks of different species of rats, in McCane,B., ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and VisionComputing (IVCNZ): Dunedin, New Zealand, p. 493-499. [New Zealand;Rodentia; General)
582. Yoshida, S., 1967, Fossil footprints of birds from the PlioceneFormation in the Mogami Coal Field, Yagama prefecture: Bulletin ofYamagata University (Natural Sciences), v. 6, p. 495-500. [Pliocene; Asia,Japan; Aves]
583. Zavala, C., Grill, S., Martínez, D., Ortiz, H., and González, R.,1992, Análisis paleoambiental de depósitos cuaternarios. Sitiopaleoicnológico Monte Hermoso. I, provincia de Buenos Aires: III JornadasGeológicas Bonaerenses, Actas, p. 31-37. La Plata, Argentina. [Pliocene;South America, Argentina]
584. Zhang, D.D., and Li., S. H., 2002, Optical dating of Tibetanhuman hand and footprints: An implication for the paleoenvironment ofthe last glaciation of the Tibetan Plateau: Geophysical Research Letters, v.29, p. 161-163. [Pleistocene; Asia, Tibet; hominid]
294INDEX
Chronologic Index
Tertiary 14, 20, 104, 127, 128, 145, 198, 305, 452,453, 559
Paleogene 63, 199, 301, 320, 327, 376
Paleocene 157, 187, 238, 244, 327, 418, 466, 467
Eocene 2, 22, 23, 24, 44, 45, 46, 94, 129, 148,154, 156, 167, 174, 197, 205, 206, 213,309, 312, 314, 352, 353, 361, 364, 365,366, 367, 368, 369, 414, 416, 424, 425,427, 476, 479, 480, 499, 513, 519, 577
Oligocene 43, 45, 65, 71, 76, 105, 108, 109, 114,118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 143, 161, 177,194, 213, 214, 243, 266, 286, 310, 362,374, 375, 428, 431, 432, 470, 499, 513,519, 527, 562, 564, 574
Neogene 261, 350, 451, 518, 539
Miocene 1, 3, 9, 10, 16, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 44, 45,70, 73, 79, 112, 119, 120, 121, 122, 132,134, 149, 176, 177, 200, 215, 216, 224,225, 226, 239, 240, 241, 253, 257, 258,259, 260, 263, 265, 269, 293, 306, 307,329, 351, 356, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412,413, 415, 422, 432, 449, 450, 465, 473,477, 478, 479, 493, 495, 497, 498, 507,510, 514, 535, 536, 537, 538, 545, 546,547, 549, 550, 562, 563, 571, 572, 573,578
Pliocene 5, 7, 34, 77, 78, 93, 101, 110, 111, 113,130, 133, 135, 137, 140, 142, 158, 160,201, 202, 211, 227, 230, 235, 270, 275,276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 302,317, 328, 333, 347, 348, 355, 359, 371,373, 382, 383, 384, 387, 395, 417, 419,436, 437, 438, 439, 457, 463, 486, 487,496, 506, 508, 515, 516, 521, 523, 524,525, 526, 542, 543, 544, 548, 551, 556,565, 566, 571, 582, 583
Pliocene/Pleistocene 53, 83, 103, 150, 324, 391, 445, 447, 503,
504
Pleistocene 6, 8, 11, 17, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37,38, 39, 40, 42, 47, 52, 59, 60, 66, 67, 69,84, 85, 86, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 102, 106,107, 117, 127, 128, 138, 141, 144, 162,173, 175, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184,185, 192, 196, 207, 208, 212, 218, 221,234, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 254, 255,256, 262, 264, 267, 268, 272, 273, 274,283, 284, 285, 289, 290, 302, 308, 313,315, 321, 322, 323, 330, 331, 332, 335,346, 349, 354, 357, 358, 360, 370, 377,378, 379, 380, 385, 386, 388, 390, 392,397, 402, 429, 430, 440, 448, 454, 458,
459, 460, 464, 469, 481, 482, 492, 500,501, 502, 508, 509, 511, 522, 528, 529,530, 532, 552, 553, 554, 560, 561, 576,580, 584
Pleistocene/Holocene 13, 18, 19, 54, 61, 62, 64, 68, 151, 186,
228, 251, 318, 319, 336, 337, 344, 372,396, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 473, 485,533, 555, 570, 575
Holocene 15, 19, 55, 56, 57, 81, 82, 88, 90, 92, 100,115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 146, 147,155, 159, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170,171, 178, 188, 189, 190, 191,
Geographic IndexAfrica 292, 505
Algeria 423
Egypt 76
Kenya 59, 272, 485
Mauritania 316
Namibia 251
South Africa 25, 138, 360, 459, 460
Tanzania 7, 42, 53, 110, 111, 113, 115, 116, 135,137, 140, 142, 146, 147, 201, 202, 211,235, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281,282, 333, 439, 457, 506, 523, 524, 525,526, 565, 566
Antarctica 119, 120, 121, 122
Asia 489
Armenia 72
China 301
India 563
Iran 1, 2, 3, 46, 270, 350, 351, 352, 353, 368,369, 548
Japan 48, 252, 324, 358, 370, 378, 386, 387,388, 389, 390, 391, 393, 395, 441, 442,443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 491, 508, 509,520, 521, 578, 579, 582
Korea 245, 246, 247, 248, 249
Tibet 584
Turkey 397
Turkmenistan 17, 230, 542, 544, 546, 551
295United Arab Emirates 215, 216
Australia/New Zealand/Tasmania 18, 60, 61, 62, 151, 159, 186, 209, 217,
219, 220, 228, 372, 396, 452, 453, 454,511, 555, 560, 561, 570, 575, 581
Central America
Belize 195
Honduras 534
Nicaragua 19, 64, 81, 82, 88, 92, 125, 164, 165, 166,168, 169, 170, 171, 237, 297, 326, 420,421, 455, 483, 569, 580
El Salvador 203
Europe 87, 112, 261, 262, 265, 299, 412, 535,536, 537, 538
Austria 5, 16, 515
Czech Republic/Slovakia 482, 530, 553, 554
Denmark 343, 345, 377
England 13, 123, 124, 191, 222, 223, 461, 462
Finland 183
France 15, 26, 49, 52, 63, 67, 94, 106, 118, 141,143, 148, 154, 179, 180, 194, 208, 318,320, 334, 379, 381, 424, 425, 432, 465,469, 499, 522, 528, 529
Germany 4, 71, 145, 175, 254, 255, 256, 518, 519
Greece 337, 344
Hungary 70, 257, 258, 259, 260, 263, 264, 269,510, 514, 545, 547
Italy 11, 47, 69, 131, 268, 289, 315, 335, 354,403, 404, 405, 427
Mallorca 84, 85, 86, 173
Menorca 430
Netherlands 100
Portugal 30
Romania 90, 91, 200, 392, 408, 409, 410, 411, 413,415, 498
Russia s.l. 517, 539, 543
Scotland 155, 468, 473
Spain 27, 28, 29, 42, 44, 45, 104, 105, 149, 214,271, 306, 322, 362, 380, 416, 422, 428,
431, 470
Switzerland 79, 114, 177, 243, 495, 527, 562, 567
Ukraine 540, 549, 550
Wales 8
North America 153, 163, 204, 301, 303, 304, 494, 559
Canada
Alberta 218, 327, 330, 331, 332, 346, 466, 467
Ontario 184
Greenland 84
Mexico 139, 530
Coahuila 189, 190, 464
Jalisco 150, 464
Mexico 394
Oaxaca 234
Puebla 31, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 192, 440, 464
Sonora 51
United States 297, 471, 472, 490
Alaska 274
Arizona 77, 78, 83, 130, 133, 158, 160, 181, 212,317, 328, 371, 373, 516
California 9, 10, 80, 93, 127, 128, 134, 227, 293,325, 347, 348, 349, 382, 383, 384, 417,419, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 448,449, 450, 451, 473, 477, 478, 479, 486,493, 496, 497, 503, 504, 556
Colorado 213
Georgia 178
Hawaii 232, 233, 333
Kansas 463, 513
Kentucky 557
Louisiana 564
Michigan 162, 221
Missouri 57, 196, 385, 532
Montana 187, 418
Nebraska 226, 266, 305, 374, 375, 507, 513
296
Taxonomic IndexAmphibia
Urodela 80, 174, 187, 238, 417, 418, 419
Reptilia 266, 508
Chelonia 79, 365, 476
Crocodilia 157, 327
Squamata 159, 401
Aves 1, 2, 3, 14, 17, 18, 20, 34, 44, 45, 46, 60,61, 62, 66, 70, 71, 73, 79, 83, 91, 93, 94,96, 97, 100, 114, 119, 120, 121, 122, 127,128, 129, 139, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153,154, 156, 176, 177, 186, 200, 206, 214,217, 219, 220, 224, 228, 238, 239, 240,243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 253, 255,256, 260, 266, 269, 270, 280, 297, 319,320, 329, 338, 339, 340, 347, 352, 356,360, 361, 364, 365, 374, 383, 384, 392,395, 396, 408, 409, 410, 411, 414, 415,416, 423, 424, 425, 427, 431, 432, 435,437, 438, 452, 453, 454, 460, 461, 462,464, 476, 478, 486, 487, 495, 496, 497,508, 510, 517, 536, 537, 538, 544, 548,555, 562, 564, 567, 570, 572, 573, 575,577, 582
Nevada 66, 107, 117, 144, 185, 207, 240, 253,283, 284, 285, 290, 308, 321, 323, 402,451, 477, 479, 487, 500, 501, 502
New Mexico 161, 224, 267, 307, 309, 310, 312, 313,314, 329, 355, 356, 357, 571, 572, 573
North Dakota 157, 244
Oregon 398, 399, 400
South Dakota 6, 20, 65, 273, 286, 513
Tennessee 126, 458, 492, 558, 568, 576
Texas 132, 239, 476, 480, 574
Utah 22, 23, 129, 156, 197, 205, 206,225, 361
Washington 24, 241, 364, 365, 366, 367, 414
Wyoming 108, 109, 174, 238, 479
South America 287, 288
Argentina 14, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 54,55, 56, 68, 73, 101, 102, 176, 319, 359,426, 429, 481, 552, 583
Chile 103
Peru 199, 301, 376
Mammalia 13, 16, 22, 23, 42, 49, 63, 72, 98, 108,118, 127, 128, 131, 177, 199, 205, 213,240, 247, 248, 271, 280, 286, 293, 319,324, 350, 351, 352, 353, 361, 369, 374,376, 400, 429, 442, 461, 486, 493, 499,503, 508, 513, 518, 520, 538, 544, 556,573, 578, 579
Artiodactyla 31, 44, 96, 134, 149, 154, 161, 227, 266,274, 309, 310, 312, 314, 337, 344, 387,389, 408, 409, 410, 411, 413, 422, 464,487, 539, 540, 542, 547
Anthracotheriidae 563
Antilocapridae 9, 328, 329, 572
Bovidae 17, 84, 85, 86, 151, 155, 173, 175, 218,255, 256, 331, 430, 462, 468, 476, 527,563
Camelidae 9, 10, 17, 31, 33, 65, 66, 83, 96, 96, 97, 99,109, 130, 134, 158, 181, 218, 225, 239,253, 267, 307, 313, 325, 329, 337, 344,346, 355, 356, 357, 383, 384, 436, 437,438, 448, 450, 463, 464, 476, 477, 496,504, 516, 542, 546, 551, 559, 571, 572
Cervidae 33, 51, 151, 175, 234, 245, 255, 256, 290,358, 377, 390, 438, 447, 462, 476, 482,521, 563
Entelodontidae 43, 44, 45, 109, 226, 476, 507
Hippopotamidae 146, 147
Merycoidodontidae 266
Suidae 155
Suiformes 105
Tayassuidae 438
Tragulidae 476
Carnivora 3, 5, 9, 28, 65, 66, 154, 260, 266, 306,327, 408, 422, 436, 460, 463, 496, 515,517, 539
Amphicyonidae 10, 450, 476, 479, 514
Canidae 9, 29, 33, 53, 91, 132, 155, 175, 239, 253,255, 256, 290, 329, 411, 435, 437, 438,476, 479, 515, 571, 572
Felidae 10, 17, 29, 31, 33, 53, 91, 96, 97, 104,130, 132, 149, 150, 163, 175, 196, 225,239, 255, 256, 329, 356, 360, 373, 383,384, 385, 410, 411, 436, 437, 438, 458,464, 479, 487, 489, 492, 532, 535, 572,576
Hyaenidae 53, 106
297
Miscellaneous IndexCave 11, 15, 26, 52, 57, 58, 67, 106, 126, 179,
180, 195, 196, 208, 262, 268, 302, 318,380, 385, 403, 404, 458, 469, 492, 528,529, 532, 557, 558, 568, 576
Management/Preservation/Techniques 30, 346, 382, 471, 472, 473, 574
Modern studies/mechanisms 12, 50, 74, 75, 80, 87, 89, 115, 116, 153,159, 163, 172, 188, 204, 209, 229, 231,291, 292, 296, 304, 338, 339, 340, 341,342, 363, 401, 456, 475, 485, 488, 489,490, 494, 505, 531, 559, 581
General surveys 21, 58, 198, 210, 250, 261, 287, 288, 294,298, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 311, 471,472, 512, 541
Mustelidae 259, 260, 437, 438, 476, 576
Procyonidae 297, 435
Ursidae 11, 67, 69, 106, 181, 262, 268, 398, 399,479
Miacidae 476
“Condylarthra” 466, 467
Creodonta 3, 327, 470, 476, 479, 480
Desmostylia 229
Dinocerata 2, 365, 368
Insectivora 155, 188, 476
Litopterna 33, 35
Marsupialia 61, 511, 561
Mesonychidae 476
Pantodonta 2, 365, 368
Perissodactyla 44, 45, 46, 154, 265, 362, 365, 413, 422,428, 436, 476
Brontotheriidae 109, 206
Chalicotheriidae 201
Equidae 30, 33, 51, 66, 103, 175, 218, 225, 239,245, 255, 256, 325, 329, 331, 356, 383,384, 436, 437, 438, 439, 448, 451, 462,477, 482, 487, 498, 514, 519, 540, 571
Rhinocerotidae 30, 44, 45, 79, 109, 202, 206, 260, 266,356, 463, 476
Tapiridae 71, 130, 476
PrimatesHominidae 7, 8, 15, 19, 25, 26, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56,
57, 59, 61, 64, 67, 81, 82, 88, 92, 106,110, 111, 113, 123, 125, 126, 135, 136,137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 164, 165, 166,167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 179, 180, 189,190, 191, 192, 193, 195, 203, 208, 211,222, 223, 232, 233, 235, 237, 247, 248,249, 250, 268, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279,280, 281, 282, 289, 297, 302, 315, 316,318, 319, 322, 326, 333, 335, 336, 354,360, 372, 379, 380, 392, 394, 397, 403,404, 405, 406, 407, 420, 421, 426, 433,434, 435, 440, 455, 457, 459, 460, 462,464, 469, 473, 483, 484, 506, 512, 522,523, 524, 525, 526, 528, 529, 530, 534,553, 554, 557, 558, 560, 561, 565, 566,568, 569, 580, 584
Proboscidea 6, 33, 35, 48, 66, 77, 78, 91, 97, 130, 133,162, 184, 212, 215, 216, 218, 221, 239,
245, 251, 260, 273, 274, 290, 313, 329,330, 331, 332, 337, 344, 357, 370, 378,383, 384, 387, 391, 408, 411, 422, 437,438, 445, 447, 448, 449, 463, 464, 487,572
Rodentia 155, 209, 225, 476, 581
Xenarthra 33, 34, 35, 66, 68, 101, 102, 107, 117,144, 181, 185, 207, 283, 284, 285, 290,308, 321, 323, 359, 402, 500, 501, 502,552
298INDEX TO CENOZOIC VERTEBRATE ICHNOTAXA
We have included in this index each combination of names used todescribe ichnotaxa in the literature we have seen. We have not made anattempt to produce synonymies; thus, the canoid species gracilis, whichhas been referred by various authors to three different ichnogenera(Canipeda, Bestiopeda and Chelipus) is listed three separate times in theindex. We have done our best to provide the author and date for theoriginal description, and have followed the standard practice of giving theauthor’s name and date in parens when the genus is different from thatused by the original describer. We have not provided the name and date ofthe subsequent revision. We have used the age and locality informationdirectly from the reference in which the specific combination of generic
and trivial name is used, and thus the data may vary slightly for the sametaxon under different generic attributions.
We have placed these ichnotaxa in the framework of a Linnaeantaxonomy at the higher levels, following the lead of several modern work-ers. This seems to us the best compromise between a completely biologi-cal taxonomy, impossible to obtain in the case of tracks, and a com-pletely artificial taxonomy devoid of any biological implications. Withinthe Mammalia, the order of Orders follows McKenna and Bell’s 1997classification. Where family level designations are provided, as withinthe Carnivora, they are arranged alphabetically.
Where an entry consists only of a genus name, no trivial name wasassociated with the genus, at least in the reference available to us.
AmphibiaAmbystomichnus montanensis (Gilmore, 1928) Paleocene, MontanaAmmobatrachus montanensis Gilmore, 1928 Paleocene, Montana
TestudinaChelonipus chadronicus Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasChelonipus parvus Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
CrocodiliaAlbertasuchipes russellia McCrea, et al., 2004 Late Paleocene, AlbertaBorealosuchipus hanksi Erikson, 2005 Paleocene, North Dakota
AvesAlaripeda lofgreni Sarjeant and Reynolds, 2001 Miocene, CaliforniaAnatipeda alfi Sarjeant and Reynolds, 2001 Miocene, CaliforniaAnatipeda anas Panin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaAnatipeda californica Sarjeant and Reynolds, 2001 Miocene, CaliforniaAntarctichnus fuenzalidae Covacevich and Lamperein, 1970 Late Miocene, AntarcticaArdeipeda egretta Panin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaArdeipeda gigantea Panin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaArdeipeda incertaPanin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaAviadactyla media Kordos, 1985 Early Miocene, HungaryAviadactyla panini (Kordos and Prakfalvi, 1990) Neogene, EuropeAviadactyla vialovi (Kordos and Prakfalvi, 1990) Neogene, EuropeAvipeda adunca Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasAvipeda filiportatis Vialov, 1965 Early Miocene, Ukraine, RomaniaAvipeda gryponyx Sarjeant and Reynolds, 2001 Miocene, CaliforniaAvipeda (Tridactypeda) gaurlenis Vialov, 1983 Pliocene, TurkmenaAvipeda ipolyensis (Kordos, 1983) Early Miocene, HungaryAvipeda (Tridactypeda) istchenkoi Vialov, 1983 Pliocene, TurkmenaAvipeda phoenix Vialov, 1965 Early Miocene, UkraineAvipeda sirin Vialov, 1965 Early Miocene, UkraineAvipeda thrinax Sarjeant and Reynolds, 2001 Miocene CaliforniaCarpathipeda panini Kordos and Prakfalvi, 1990 Neogene, EuropeCarpathipeda vialovi Kordos and Prakfalvi, 1990 Neogene, EuropeCharadriipeda becassi Panin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaCharadriipeda disjuncta Panin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaCharadriipeda limosa Radan and Brustur, 1993 Late Oligocene, RomaniaCharadriipeda minima Panin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaCharadriipeda minor Panin, 1965 Early Miocene, RomaniaCharadriipeda recurvirostra Panin, 1965 Early Miocene, RomaniaCharadriipeda recurvirostrioidea Panin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaCulcitapeda ascia Sarjeant and Reynolds, 2001 Miocene, CaliforniaCulcitapeda eccentrica Sarjeant and Reynolds, 2001 Miocene, CaliforniaCulcitapeda tridens Sarjeant and Reynolds, 2001 Miocene, CaliforniaFuscinapeda meunieri Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasFuscinapeda sirin (Vialov, 1965) Miocene, UkraineFuscinapeda texana Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasGruipeda abeli (Lambrecht, 1938) Pliocene, Iran
299Gruipeda becassi (Panin and Avram, 1962) Miocene, RomaniaGruipeda calcarifera Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasGruipeda diabloensis Remeika, 1999 Blancan, CaliforniaGruipeda disjuncta (Panin and Avram, 1962) Miocene, RomaniaGruipeda filiportatis (Vialov, 1965) Miocene, HungaryGruipeda intermedia Panin, 1965 Early Miocene, RomaniaGruipeda lambrechti Ataabadi and Khazaee, 2004 Middle Eocene, IranGruipeda maxima Panin and Avram, 1962 Early Miocene, RomaniaGruipeda minima (Panin and Avram, 1962) Miocene, RomaniaGruipeda minor (Panin, 1965) Miocene, RomaniaIranipeda abeli (Lambrecht, 1928) Miocene, IranIranipeda millumi Doyle et al., 2004 Late Miocene, SpainLeptoptilostipus pyrenaicus Payros et al., 2000 Late Eocene, SpainLudicharadripodiscus edax Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, FranceOrnithoformipes controversus Patterson and Lockley, 2004 Eocene, WashingtonOrnithoidichnites badensis Boehm, 18962 Oligocene, GermanyOrnithotarnocia lambrechti Kordos, 1985 Early Miocene, HungaryOrnithichnites argenterae Portis, 1879 Upper Eocene, ItalyOrnithichnites taurinus Portis, 1888 Upper Eocene, ItalyPhoenicopterichnus rector Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaPasseripeda ipolyensis Kordos, 1983 Early Miocene, HungaryPresbyorniformipes feducci Lockley and Hunt, 1995 Eocene, UtahPulchravipes magnificus Demathieu et al., 1984 Early Oligocene, FranceRoepichnus grahami Doyle et a.l., 2004 Late Miocene, SpainTetraornithopeda tasnadii Kordos, 1983 Early Miocene, HungaryUrmiornis abeli Lambrecht, 19381 Pliocene, IranVenatoripes riojanus Frenguelli, 1950 Miocene, Argentina
Mammalia
“Micromammal” incertae sedisUcetipodiscus inanis Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, France
XenarthraAcugnaichnus dorregoensis Casamiquela, 1983 Pleistocene, ArgentinaIribarbichnum megamericanum Casamiquela, 1983 Pleistocene, ArgentinaNeomegatherichnium pehuencoensis Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaMylodontidichnum rosalensis Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaMegatherichnum oportoi Casamiquela, 1974 Pleistocene, ArgentinaVenatoripes riojanus Frenguelli, 1950 Mio-Pliocene, Argentina
RodentiaPtyariopus aichmanticheirus Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasTricorynopus elaphrus Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
CreodontaCreodontipus almenarensis Santamaria et al., 1989 Oligocene, SpainCreodontipus mongayensis Santamaria et al., 1989 Oligocene, SpainDischidodacylus stevensi Sarjeant and Wilson, 1988 Late Eocene, TexasHyaenodontipus praedator Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, FranceQuiritipes impendens Sarjeant et al., 2002 Eocene, WyomingSarcotherichnus enigmaticus Demanthieu et al., 1984 Oligocene, FranceSarjeantipes whitea McCrea et al., 2004 Upper Paleocene, AlbertaZanclonychopus cinicalcator Sarjeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
CarnivoraBestiopeda bockhi Vialov, 1985 Lower Miocene, HungaryBestiopeda guoides Thenius, 1967 Pliocene HungaryBestiopeda hungarica Vialov, 1985 Lower Miocene, HungaryBestiopeda tarnocensis Vialov, 1985 Lower Miocene, HungaryBestiopeda turkomanica Vialov, 1983 Pliocene, TurkmenaCarnivoripeda nogradensis Kordos, 1987 Miocene, Hungary
300
AmphicyonidaeAxiciapes ferox Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasAxiciapes curvidigitatus Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasHirpexipes alfi Sarjeant et al., 2002 Miocene, California
CanidaeBestiopeda amphicyonoides Thenius, 1967 Pliocene, AustriaBestiopeda gracilis Vialov, 1965 Miocene, UkraineCanipeda amphicynoides (Thenius, 1967) Pliocene, AustriaCanipeda gracilis (Vialov, 1966) Miocene, UkraineCanipeda longigriffa Panin and Avram, 1962 Miocene, RomaniaCanipeda therates (Remeika, 1999) Early Pleistocene, CaliforniaChelipus gracilis (Vialov, 1965) Miocene, UkraineChelipus therates Remeika, 1999 Pliocene, CaliforniaPehuencoichnum gracilis (Vialov, 1965) Pleistocene, Argentina
FelidaeBestiopeda bestia Vialov, 1965 Miocene, UkraineBestiopeda biancoi (Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987) Pleistocene, ArgentinaBestiopeda maxima Kordos, 1985 Miocene, HungaryBestiopeda sanguinolenta Vialov, 1966 Miocene, UkraineFelipeda bestia (Vialov, 1966) Miocene, UkraineFelipeda biancoi (Aramayo and Bianco, 1987) Pleistocene, ArgentinaFelipeda bottjeri Sarjeant et al., 2002 Miocene, CaliforniaFelipeda felis Panin, 1965 Miocene, RomaniaFelipeda lynxi Panin and Avram, 1962 Miocene, RomaniaFelipeda maxima (Kordos, 1985) Miocene HungaryFelipeda milleri (Remeika, 1999) Pleistocene, CaliforniaFelipeda parvula Anton et al., 2004 Miocene, SpainFelipeda sanguinolenta (Vialov, 1966) Miocene, UkraineFelipeda scrivneri Sarjeant et al., 2002 Miocene, CaliforniaPumaeichnum biancoi Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaPumaeichnium milleri Remeika, 2001 Pliocene, CaliforniaPumaeichnum stouti Remeika, 1999 Pliocene, CaliforniaPycnodactylopus achras Sarjeant et al., 2002 Miocene, CaliforniaTetrastoibopus phoros Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
MiacidaeFalcatipes floriformis Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
MustelidaeMustelidichnum enigmaticum Aramayo and Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaMustelidichnum vallecitoensis Remeika, 2001 Pliocene, CaliforniaMustelipeda punctata Kordos, 1985 Miocene, HungaryPhacelpus therates Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
UrsidaePlatykopus ilycalcator Sarjeant et al., 2002 Miocene, Nevada
InsectivoraSchyromorphipus oxypages Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
MesonychiaCorymbipes superstes Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
ArtiodactylaAnoplotheriipus compactus Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, FranceAnoplotheriipus lavocati Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, FranceAnoplotheriipus similicommunis Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, FranceAnoplotheriipus viai (Casanovas-Cladellas and Santafe-Llopis, 1982) Oligocene, SpainAnoplotheriipus zeuctus Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasBifidipes aeolis Fornos et al., 2002 Pleistocene, MallorcaBifidipes velox Demathieu et al., 1984 Oligocene, FranceBijugopeda simplex Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, California
301Bothriodontipus rovirai Santamaria et al., 1990 Oligocene, SpainBovipedidae VialovCamelipeda turkomenica Vialov, 1984 Miocene, TurkmenistanCamelopichnum sp. Remeika, 2001 Pliocene, CaliforniaCervipeda dicroceroides (Vialov, 1965) Miocene, UkraineDiplartiopus longipes Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, FranceDizygopodium dorydium Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, CaliforniaDizygopodium elachistum Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, CaliforniaDizygopodium quadracordatum Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, CaliforniaEntelodontipus viai Casanovas-Cladellas and Santafe-Llopis, 1982 Oligocene, SpainGambapes hastatus Sarjeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasGambapes satyri (Vialov, 1965) Miocene, UkraineLamaichnum alfi Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999: Miocene, CaliforniaLamaichnum borregoensis Remeika, 1999 Pliocene, CaliforniaLamaichnum etoromorphum Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, CaliforniaLamaichnum guanicoe Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaLamaichnum marcopodum Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, CaliforniaLamaichnum obliquiclavum Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, NevadaMegalamaichnum albus Remeika, 2001 Pliocene, CaliforniaMegalamaichnum tulipensis Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaMegapecoripeda miocaenica Kordos, 1985 Miocene, HungaryOdocoileinichnium commune Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaPecoripeda abeli Vialov, 1986 Lower Miocene, HungaryPecoripeda amalphaea Vialov, 1965 Miocene, UkrainePecoripeda dicrocervoides Vialov, 1965 Miocene, UkrainePecoripeda djali Vialov, 1965 Miocene, UkrainePecoripeda gazella Vialov, 1965 Miocene, UkrainePecoripeda hamori Vialov, 1986 Lower Miocene, HungaryPecoripeda satyri Vialov, 1965 Miocene, UkrainePecoripeda tasnadi Vialov, 1986 Lower Miocene, HungaryTayassuichnum Remeika, 2001 Pliocene, California
MachrauchenidaeEumacrauchenichnus patachonicus Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, Argentina
PerissodactylaAncylotheriops tanzaniae Guerin, 1987 Pliocene, TanzaniaApoxypus tessellates Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, TexasDicerotinichnus laetoliensis Guerin and Demathieu, 1993 Pliocene, TanzaniaDicerotinichnus serengetiensis Guerin and Demathieu, 1993 Pliocene, TanzaniaHippipeda absidata Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, CaliforniaHippipeda araiochelata Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, CaliforniaHippipeda aurelianis Vialov, 1966 Neogene, UkraineHippipeda downsi Remeika, 1999 Pliocene, CaliforniaHippipeda gyripeza Sarjeant and Reynolds, 1999 Miocene, CaliforniaHippipeda parva Kulchitskij, 1980 Miocene, EuropeHippipeda sp. A Scrivner, 1984 Miocene, CaliforniaHippipeda sp. B Scrivner, 1984 Miocene, CaliforniaHippipeda sp. C Scrivner, 1984 Miocene, CaliforniaLophiopus latus Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, FranceLophiopus rapidus Ellenberger, 1980 Upper Eocene, FrancePaleotheriops Ellenberger, 1980 Late Eocene, FrancePalaeotheriipus sarjeanti Ataabadi and Khazaee, 2004 Middle Eocene, IranPalaeotheriipus similimedius Ellenberger, 1980 Eocene, FrancePlagiolophustipes montfalcoensis Santamaria et al., 1989 Oligocene, SpainRhinoceripeda tasnadyi Kordos, 1987 Miocene, HungaryRonzotherichnus voconcense Demathieu et al., 1984 Oligocene, FranceThrinaxopus hoplephoreus Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
Perissodactyla or Creodonta incertae sedisPalimmecopus praecursor Sargeant and Langston, 1994 Late Eocene, Texas
ProboscideaMammuthichnum Remeika, 2001 Pliocene, CaliforniaMastodontipeda Vialov 1984 Lower Miocene, Hungary
302Proboscipeda Perez Llorente et al., 1999 Upper Miocene, SpainStegomastodonichnum australis Aramayo and Manera de Bianco, 1987 Pleistocene, ArgentinaStegomastodonichnum garbanii Remeika, 2001 Pliocene, California
1Urmiornis was described by Mecquenem in 1925 for certain body fossils from the lower Pliocene of the Ukraine. Urmiornis abeli was described byLambrecht in 1938 for a footprint from the late Miocene of the Hamrin Mountains in Iran, but was placed in the Linnaean taxon Urmiornis. Vialov latercreated the ichnogenus Iranipeda to receive U. abeli.
2 Ornithoidichnites badensis Boehm 1896 is a tapir, not a bird.
