26 May 2010Hans Postema - CERN Status and plan for the development and construction of CO2 Cooling...
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Transcript of 26 May 2010Hans Postema - CERN Status and plan for the development and construction of CO2 Cooling...
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26 May 2010 Hans Postema - CERN
Status and plan for the development and construction
of CO2 Cooling System for Pixel Upgrade
1
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Why CO2?
• Radiation hard• Not electrically conductive, non corrosive• Not flammable, not toxic• Has excellent thermodynamic properties for micro-
channels. • Low dT/dP• Low mass • Low liquid/vapour density ratio• Low viscosity• High latent heat• High heat transfer coefficient• Environmental friendly
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Pressure advantage
• Intuitively, higher pressures seem a disadvantage but:
• Gas flow at higher pressures needs smaller pipe diameters
• Pressure drops due to flow become less significant, allowing smaller pipes
• Small pipes can easily support the required pressures
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Selection
• Many activities in different places
• Good overview requires several hours
• Global overviews risk to be repeating themselves through the year
• This presentation is a selection of some important achievements over the last few months
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FPIX tube (February)
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FPIX in fridge
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Layout of the test section
Length of the tube: 1mInner diameter: 1.4mmWall thickness: 100µm
13 temperature sensors glued on the tubeCopper blocks for power supply
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Improved insulation
• Environment influences obviously the readings of the sensors
• Better insulation of the tube needed
• Freezer must be at the same temperature as the cooling fluid
Kapton tapeTube Armaflex
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Improvements
Better results through insulating the tube and keeping the temperatureinside the freezer at the temperature of the liquid
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Temperature drop vs. tube length at 0°C
Sensor 1 and 13 are before or after the heated test section
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Temperature drop vs. tube length at -15°C
Sensor 1 and 13 are before or after the heated test section
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Comparison to correlations
Temp. Thome Friedel Test 1 Test 2
Temperature drop9°C
0.34 °C 0.27 °C 0.05 °C 0.18 °C
Pressure drop 0.35 bar 0.32 bar 0.34 bar 0.36 bar
Temperature drop0°C
0.37 °C 0.37 °C 0.49 °C 0.52 °C
Pressure drop 0.43 bar 0.38 bar 0.50 bar 0.59 bar
Temperature drop-15°C
0.39 °C 0.49 °C 0.82 °C 0.89 °C
Pressure drop 0.61 bar 0.68 bar 1.25 bar 1.37 bar
Temperature drop-30°C
0.47 °C 0.67 °C 1.41 °C 1.46 °C
Pressure drop 1.05 bar 1.33 bar 3.63 bar 3.93 bar
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Comparison @ Tsat=9°
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Comparison @ Tsat=0°
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Comparison @ Tsat=-15°
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Comparison @ Tsat=-30°
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Conclusions of tests
• Software of some correlations now fully debugged an operational
• Interesting differences between calculations and measurements remain
• FPIX tube can reliably cool the requested heat load of 124 W
• dT over tube length < 3 degrees C
• dT due to HTC < 3 degrees C
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18 May 2010
• Reached an important milestone
• First time that the Full Scale cooling plant test setup was running
• No problem in priming the pump
• Pump runs very quiet and smooth, no vibrations
• The result of a year of work by a dozen people
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Cooling plant
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Including dummy load
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Chiller part
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View with control rack
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Control interface
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Next steps
• Commissioning of the plant at ambient temperature
• Test run of Atlas IBL cooling loop
• Installation of accumulator, required for low temperature operation
• Commissioning of the plant at low temperature
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Strategy (1)
• CO2 cooling plants cannot be bought off the shelf
• Relevant experience is not available in industry
• Current activities are generating the necessary experience “in house”
• Future CO2 cooling plants shall be designed and constructed “in house”
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Strategy (2)
• Cooling plant shall be constructed early, leaving 1 year for commissioning on the surface and 1 year for installation in UX
• To avoid schedule constraints, one cooling plant foreseen for detector commissioning in TIF, and one for installation in the CMS cavern
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Qualification
• Engineering and design shall follow the principles applied in aero-space or safety critical industrial applications
• Excellent workmanship shall have a priority over low-cost
• Extended “burn in” period necessary, comparable with satellites (1 year)
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Safety
• High pressure is a safety concern when combined with larger volumes (stored energy)
• Pipe-work and components are in PED class 1 (Pressure Equipment Directive) DN<32 requiring “Good Practice”
• Storage tanks or Accumulators are in class 4 requiring certification
• Accumulator for the full scale test setup will be produced with a CE certificate, by NIKHEF
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Schedule
• 2010 – Testing of Full Scale setup
• 2011-2012 – Engineering and design of detector parts, pipe-work, fittings and final plant
• 2013 – Construction of cooling plants
• 2014 – Burn in of cooling plants in TIF
• 2015 – Installation cooling plant in UX
• 2016 – Installation of detector
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Participating groups
• CERN – Atlas• CERN – CMS• CERN – PH-DT• CERN – EN-CV• CERN – Cryolab• EPFL Lausanne• Fermilab• IPN Lyon
• NIKHEF Atlas LHCb• PSI• RWTH Aachen• SLAC Atlas• University Esslingen• University Karlsruhe
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