25.2

The Partition of Africa

Racheal Treadway

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Africa in the 1800s

• Africa was still a mysterious place

– Europeans knew the coastline because of their trading posts, but interior was a mystery

• Very culturally diverse

– Many different tribes and cities with different beliefs

– Different regions of Africa ruled by different people/empires

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Explorers & MissionariesPeople begin expeditions into

Africa

Europeans were not able to

explore the interior of Africa

before the 1800s

Geography & diseases like malaria

made it too difficult

New technologies developed

(steamships, medical

advances) that would change

all this.

Fascinated with the

geography and adventure

Africa presented

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Explorers & Missionaries

• Missionaries followed after the explorers

– Built schools, hospitals, and churches

– Also concerned about slave trade

• Wanted to guide Africans to salvation

– Pushed for westernization

– Encouraged rejection of their traditions

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Dr. David Livingstone• Missionary/Explorer

– More sympathetic towards the African people in his writings than most other Europeans

• Thought the interior of Africa should be opened to trade and to Christianity.

• Blazed trails that other explorers followed

– Journalist Henry Stanley spent 2 years looking for him.

• “Dr. Livingston, I presume?”

• Spent 30 years exploring Africa and its people

The Scramble Begins King Leopold II hires Stanley to explore Congo River.

Wants to control for profit

Other countries soon follow after

Hold a conference in Berlin in 1884 to avoid wars

Leopold could have Congo Free State, but there should be free trade along Congo and Nile

European powers must have a government office in place before they could claim a territory

No Africans were present

People rushed in to get their share of Africa

Meanwhile Leopold took the riches of the Congo & treated the people savagely

Belgian government eventually steps in & takes control of it

Dividing the Continent France takes large areas of Africa,

but loses many soldiers

Britain content with taking smaller

areas rich in resources

Boer War

Boers=Dutch farmers pushed inland

by British

Gold & diamonds discovered in their

republics

British fight bitterly for it from 1899-

1902

End up combining it with other

colonies to form Union of South Aftica

Resistance to Foreign Powers All of the European Powers faced resistance from native people

Algerians fought the French

British faced the Zulus and the Astantes

Maji-Maji Rebellion of 1905 caused the Germans to resort to

starving locals

Ethiopia & Liberia stay free

Menelik II adopted western ways and was prepared for

invasions.

Later in the 1900s nationalist movements would pose more

threats