CHAPTER 4 SECTION 1

Presented by: Isaac, Racheal, Andrew, Nick, and Jaclyn

What is Matter?

*All Matter is made up of tiny particles, such as atoms, molecules, and ions.

*An ion is an atom that is positively or negatively charged because it has gained or lost electrons.

*Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass, such as a pencil

*There are four states of matter solid, liquid, gas, and plasma *Plasma *All matter is made up of participles such as atoms, molecules, or ions *Each particles attracts other particles and these particles are always

in motion the motion and the strength of the particles determine a materials state of matter

Solids

*A solid is matter with a definite shape and volume. For example, when you place a solid, such as a stapler, inside a bucket it does not take the shape of the bucket.

*The particles in a solid are constantly vibrating in place but the particles do not have enough energy to move out of there fixed positions.

CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE

*A crystal structure is composed of a unit cell, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way; which is periodically repeated in three dimensions on a lattice.

Crystalline solids are solids that have regular or nearly regular crystalline structures and the atoms are arranged in an orderly manner. An example of a crystalline solid is Pop Rocks, Sugar.

*Diamond is made entirely of carbon atoms that form crystals that look more like pyramids.

Liquids

A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape When you pour liquid from one container to the next, the volume

stays the same, but the liquid takes on a different shape of the new container, much like pouring tea from a kettle into a teacup.

The paricles in liquids are free to move. They have enough energy to move out of their fixed positions, but not very far, unlike solids.

A liquids resistance to flow is known as the liquids viscosity. The slower a liquid flows, the high its viscosity. Honey has a high viscosity, but water has a low viscosity.

Viscosity

A liquids resistance to flow is known as the liquids viscosity. The slower a liquid flows, the high its viscosity. Honey has a high viscosity, but water has a low viscosity.

For many liquids, viscosity increases as the liquid becomes colder

Surface Tension

The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface os a liquid are called surface tension.

Surface tension causes the liquid to act as if a thin flim were stretched across its surface.

Attractive forces cause the particles on the surface of a liquid to pull themselves together and resist being pushed apart.

Particles at the surface of a liquid are pulled toward the center of the liquid and sideways along the surface. No liquid particles are located above to pull on them.

Surface tension exists because the particles at the surface experience different forces than those at the center of the liquid.

Gases

Unlike solids and liquids, most gases are invisible. Oxygen is an example is an invisible gas. Gas is matter that does not have a definite shape

or volume. The particles in gas are much farther apart than

those in a liquid or solid. Gas particles move at high speeds in all

directions. Gases can expends and/or be compressed

Pictures by Google

Information by Textbook

PowerPoint by Andrew, Isaac, Jaclyn, Nick, and Racheal

States of Matter Rap Song

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C33WdI64FiY&spfreload=10&edufilter=ItIg2V4IIX_lr6ECGXKrag&safe=active