2009 ferrara, congresso regionale, i tools da raggiungere nell'ablazione della fibrillazione atriale
2009 lisbona, congresso europeo, ablazione della fibrillazione atriale
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Transcript of 2009 lisbona, congresso europeo, ablazione della fibrillazione atriale
Stefano Nardi, MD, PhD
Tools to successfully Tools to successfully achieve PV isolation achieve PV isolation
“ “SANTA MARIA” GENERAL HOSPITAL - TERNISANTA MARIA” GENERAL HOSPITAL - TERNI THORACIC SURGERY AND THORACIC SURGERY AND
CARDIOVASCULAR DEPARTMENT ARRHYTHMIA ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC CARDIOVASCULAR DEPARTMENT ARRHYTHMIA ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC CENTER AND CARDIAC PACING UNIT CENTER AND CARDIAC PACING UNIT
Who benefits from AF ablation ?
Atrial FibrillationAtrial FibrillationMechanisms and ConsiderationsMechanisms and Considerations
Atrial Fibrillation MechanismsAtrial Fibrillation Mechanisms
• PVs as TRIGGER and PERPETUATORS
• SUBSTRATE with CRITICAL MASS
• GANGLIONIC PLEXI affecting vagal innervation
• ROTOR sites critical to the maintenance of reentry
How does it work?
RF
Pulmonary vein anatomy
TRIGGERTRIGGER
Haissaguerre, NEJM ’98
It’s really important to use the appropriate technique for
AF ablation
Different TechnologiesDifferent TechnologiesMappingMapping• Point by pointPoint by point
• LassoLasso• SpiralSpiral• BasketBasket
TrackingTracking• XrayXray
• CARTOCARTO• LocaLisaLocaLisa• NavXNavX• RPMRPM
• ICEICE
AblationAblation• ConventionalConventional
• 8 mm tip8 mm tip• Irrigated tipIrrigated tip• InvestigationalInvestigational(balloon, cryo...)(balloon, cryo...)- Framework for ablationFramework for ablation
- Mapping guidanceMapping guidance
- Anatomic localizationAnatomic localization
- Tagging of ablation sites- Tagging of ablation sites- Determine Determine catheter contactcatheter contact
- Improved Improved efficiency of efficiency of energy deliveryenergy delivery
How we can approach AF ablation ?
Different Approaches
What is really useful?3D mapping system in AFib 3D mapping system in AFib
Cutaneous patches and conventional catheter for tracking (NavX)
Superimposed EM field With a dedicated mapping
catheter (CARTO)
Point-by-Point
Medium-Low
Virtual Geometry reconstructionVirtual Geometry reconstruction
Virtual Geometry reconstructionVirtual Geometry reconstruction
Anatomical Approach Anatomical Approach CLAACLAA
• 251 Patients• 54±12 min of RF
End Point: (75%)• PVP < 0.1 mV• Delay > 30 ms
Success off AADs:• 148/179 PaAF (83%)• 40/72 PeAF (55%)
Pappone, Circulation ‘01Pappone, Circulation ‘01
AuthorsAuthors Success w/o AADsSuccess w/o AADs
PAPPONEPAPPONE 83% FAP/75%FAC83% FAP/75%FACJACC 2003JACC 2003
STABILESTABILE 38% FAP/FAC38% FAP/FACCirculation 2003Circulation 2003
HOCINIHOCINI 60% FAP*60% FAP*AbstractAbstract
ORALORAL 88% FAP (+ line)*88% FAP (+ line)*Circulation 2003Circulation 2003
Anatomical Approach Anatomical Approach CLAACLAA
Pulmonary Vein isolationAtrial Fibrillation ablationAtrial Fibrillation ablation
Authors Success Rate (%)Success Rate (%)
HaissaguerreHaissaguerre Circulation 2000Circulation 2000 73%73% PAFPAFChen SAChen SA Circulation 2001Circulation 2001 81%81% PAFPAFErnstErnst PACE 2003PACE 2003 69%69% PAFPAFArentzArentz Circulation 2003Circulation 2003 62%62% PAFPAFCappatoCappato Circulation 2003Circulation 2003 8888%% PAFPAFMarroucheMarrouche JACC 2002JACC 2002 90%90% PAF PAF OralOral Circulation 2002Circulation 2002 85% 85% PAF PAF
22%22% CAFCAF
Pulmonary Vein isolationAtrial Fibrillation ablationAtrial Fibrillation ablation
Pulmonary vein anatomy the first challenge
Left common trunk 3 right lower veins
Normal
Left Atrial/PVs junctionLeft Atrial/PVs junction• Functionally is a “BROAD BAND”
• Wide, complex & articulate anatomy, (irregular disposition of myocardial sleeves (Ho, JCVE. ‘99; Heart ‘01; Saito, JCVE. ’00)
• Arrhythmogenic nature due to (Embrional Nature) or micro-reentry (anisotropic carachteristic of junction) (Hocini M, Card. Res ’02, Arora, Circulation 03)
Ernst, JACC ‘03Ernst, JACC ‘03
Complete LesionsComplete LesionsA – 5% A – 5% B – 21% B – 21% C – 50% D - C – 50% D - 58-65%58-65%
Anatomical Approach (CLAA)Anatomical Approach (CLAA)
LIPV
CS pacing
Mitral
Anatomical CLAA: Incomplete PVI in ~ 60%Anatomical CLAA: Incomplete PVI in ~ 60%
70 ms70 ms
IIIIIIIIIIIIV1V1
PV1-2PV1-2
PV10-1PV10-1
CSDCSD
CSPCSP
Limitations of CLAA
• What substrate is “real target” for AF ablation ?• Almost 60% of pts no PVI • Extensive LA damage• LA flutters more common (20%)
V1V1
RF probeRF probe(ostial)(ostial)
LIPV 1-2LIPV 1-2
2-32-3
3-43-4
4-54-5
5-65-6
6-76-7
7-87-8
8-98-99-109-1010-110-1LA appLA app
Discrete Residual PV bundle - Producing ArrhythmiaDiscrete Residual PV bundle - Producing Arrhythmia
• Inadequate Mapping of complex anatomical substrates
Limitation of standard SOCALimitation of standard SOCA
• PVs potential running along the LA posterior wall could be missed with a standard EP approach
• A complex design for transition between anatomical structures
• SUCCESS RATE related to the ability to apply RF at predefined target sites, and the identification of all PVs bundles could be challenging
Limitation of standard SOCALimitation of standard SOCAIIIIII
PV 1-2
PV 10-1
V1
CSP
• FLUOROSCOPY has a poor soft-tissue resolution, with high exposure to ionizing radiation.
• Conduction recovery after a previously successful PVI could be due to a ”SUB-OPTIMAL” identification of all PVs pot.
• A multi-step approach provides a significant clinical
benefit and suggest that PVs are an important “End Point”
Which is the impact of the new technologies ?
Atrial Fibrillation ablationAtrial Fibrillation ablationvirtual geometry reconstructionvirtual geometry reconstruction
Atrial Fibrillation ablationAtrial Fibrillation ablation3D Mapping System3D Mapping System
Ablation Frontiers System
Technology Review:• Electrode design driven by
the catheter shaft diameter• Single ablation electrode
(point-to-point)• Requires 35 – 100 Watts• ~ 75% of surface area in
blood pool
Highly inefficient power
delivery to tissue
(i.e., 75% of power lost to
blood pool)• Unipolar Only• 2-D catheter requiring 3-D
Imaging• Lack of control over lesion
creation and catheter
placement
Current Catheter Technology – Highly Inefficient
Clinically Review:• Risk of perforation• Risk of steam pops from a
boiling process with gas
expansion as tissue temp
increases• Needs saline cooling / flush• Esophageal damage• Large Δt between tissue &
electrode• Ablates single point at a time• Requires precise catheter
positioning
(high level of skill)• Long procedure times• Requires complex mapping
Flow
Ablation Frontiers Solution
• Multi-electrode device that tailors the treatment to the patient– Catheters design to conform to the anatomy
– Mapping / Pacing and Ablations from all electrodes
– Much easier procedure than current approaches
• Highly skilled operators NOT required
– Reduce procedure times to less than 3.0 hours for Permanent
– Reduce procedure times to less than 1.5 hours for PAF
– Tailored lesions (i.e., depths, lengths, configurations)
– Cover large area with a single catheter placement
• Fewer SAE / Complications
• Do not require complex/3D imaging systems
Ablation Frontiers Catheter Solution
Improve AF Ablation Efficacy and Reduce Procedure Time
How accomplished:1. Created anatomically designed catheters
(catheters conform to the anatomy)
2. Large footprint and multiple electrodes for mapping & ablations (facilitate mapping/ablation over a large with a single catheter placement)
3. Very stable catheter placements (catheters do not bounce due to beating atrium)
4. Enables easy assess to PV’s and quick electrical isolation (guidewire assist to engage PV’s and 2-4 minutes of ablations)
5. Easy access to septum and other area’s in atrium
6. Gold standard RF energy delivered in a new/novel way for controlled lesions
Ablation Frontiers RF Generator Solution
• RF Generator Features:
– Automated temperature control / power limited
– RF energy (bipolar / unipolar)• Maximize operator control of lesion size,
shape, depth
• Maximize power delivered efficiency to each catheter electrode or electrode pair
– Remote control capability
– Interfaces with existing electrogram recording systems e.g. EP Lab and Prucka System
™ Multi-Channel RF Generator
• User-friendly interface (remote control access capable)
• Individual channel / electrode temperature and power control/delivery- Power mode identification- Catheter - Ablation timeRF Generator is CE Mark Approval
=16
ConventionalGenerators
Ablation Frontiers Multi-Channel RF Generator
Ablation Frontiers Multi-Channel RF Generator
PVAC_RUN1.m4v
Ablation Frontiers Ablation Catheters
• Steerable and torque-able for maneuvering in the left atrium• Multiple mapping and ablation channels per catheter• Operator control of each channel to tailor lesions to patient
anatomy and desired lesion set• Capable of creating large lesions in a single ablation• 3-D design eliminates the need for costly 3-D mapping
All three catheters are CE Mark Approval
Pulmonary Vein Ablation Catheter
Ablation Frontiers Ablation Catheters
Multi-Array Septal Catheter
Ablation Frontiers Ablation Catheters
Multi-Array Ablation Catheter
Ablation Frontiers Ablation Catheters
How Does It Work Clinically?
• Anatomically Designed Catheters
• Selectable Energy Delivery
• Tailored Lesion Depth & Length
Mapping & Lesion Creation Example
• Low Power RF Energy Delivery– Efficient
• Each Electrode Pair– Mapping– Bipolar– Unipolar– Combo RF– Duty-Cycled– Efficient electrode design
• Depth and Filling in Center Dependant on Energy Mode
Mapping & Lesion Creation Example
• Low Power RF Energy Delivery– Efficient
• Each Electrode Pair– Mapping– Bipolar– Unipolar– Combo RF– Duty-Cycled– Efficient electrode
design• Depth and Filling in Center
Dependant on Energy Mode
Radiofrequency Energy Modes5 Different and Selectable Energy
Modes:Bipolar Unipolar
1:1 2:1 4:1
Ablation Electrode
Tissue
Return Electrode
RF Energy Modes• Ablation and Return
Electrodes Same Potential and Phase Angle
• Current Flows from Ablation Electrode to Return Electrode
• 100% Power is Unipolar
Bipolar Only RF Delivery Mode• Ablation and Return
Electrodes Different Potential and Phase Angle
• Return Electrode Off
• Current Flows Between Ablation Electrode on Catheter Only
• 100% Power is Bipolar
1:1 (Bipolar:Unipolar) RF Delivery Mode
• Power Ratio of Bipolar:Unipolar = 1 to 1
• Current Flows Between Ablation Electrodes and to Return Electrode
• 50% of Power is Bipolar
• 50% of Power is Unipolar
2:1 (Bipolar:Unipolar) RF Delivery Mode
• Power Ratio of Bipolar:Unipolar = 2 to 1
• Current Flows Between Ablation Electrodes and to Return Electrode
• 66.7% of Power is Bipolar
• 33.3% of Power is Unipolar
4:1 (Bipolar:Unipolar) RF Delivery Mode
• Power Ratio of Bipolar:Unipolar = 4 to 1
• Current Flows Between Ablation Electrodes and to Return Electrode
• 80% of Power is Bipolar
• 20% of Power is Unipolar
Radiofrequency Energy Modes
5 Different and Selectable Energy
Modes– Bipolar• Unipolar• 1:1• 2:1• 4:1
Ablation Electrode
Tissue
Return Electrode
Catheter Comparison4mm Tip Catheter PVAC MAAC MASC
Electrode ShapeElectrode Surface Area
33.7 mm2 13.64 mm2 9.09 mm2
Power Input
35 W Max 10W Max 10W
Current Density
0.016 A/mm2
0.015 A/mm2 0.018 A/mm2
In-vitro Lesion Characterization: MAAC
• In-vitro Lesion Characterization of AFI Cardiac Ablation System (n=16)
• Lesion Depth Decrease from Unipolar Bipolar
60°C – 60s – 1:1 60°C – 60s – 4:1
In-vivo Lesion Depth (Gross Pathology & Histological
Data)60°C – 60s – 1:1 60°C – 60s – 4:1
MAAC Lesion Depth
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dep
th (
mm
)
Gross 5.9 4.9 4 3.3 3.2
Histological 6.8 5.1 4.3 3.6 3.5
Unipolar 1:1 2:1 4:1 Bipolar
In-vivo Lesion Depth: PVAC60°C – 60s – 1:1 60°C – 60s – 4:1
PVAC Lesion Depth
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dep
th (
mm
)
Gross 5.4 5.5 3.8 4.3 4.1
Histological 6.0 5.5 4.6 4.5 4.3
Unipolar 1:1 2:1 4:1 Bipolar
Lesion Depth
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
De
pth
(m
m)
Gross 5.9 4.9 4 3.3 3.2
Histological 6.8 5.1 4.3 3.6 3.5
Unipolar 1:1 2:1 4:1 Bipolar
Typically used around thicker and more robustAtrial anatomiesi.e. Septal wall
Typically used around thinner and more sensitiveAtrial anatomiesi.e. PV’s, Posterior wall
Tailoring Lesions
• RF Energy Selection↑ Unipolar – more depth
↑ Bipolar – more fill between electrodes
• Increase Ablation Temperature↑ Lesion Depth
• Increase Ablation Duration↑ Lesion Depth
Lesion Comparison4mm Tip Catheter PVAC
Top View
Cross Section
Length of Lesion
Ø: 7-10 mm; Depth: 7-8 mm
Length: 70 - 80 mm Width: 2-3 mm Depth: 2-8 mm (depending on energy mode)
In-vitro Lesion Characterization: PVAC
Creates contiguous lesions
Cross Section
Top
Multi-electrode Catheter Ablation
Atrial Fibrillation ablationAtrial Fibrillation ablationVagal GangliaVagal Ganglia
• Electrode design driven by the catheter shaft diameter
• Single ablation electrode (point-to-point)• Requires 35 – 40 Watts • ~ 75% of surface area in blood pool
(i.e., 75% of power lost to blood pool)• Unipolar RF energy only• 2-D Cath requiring generally 3-D Imaging• Lack of CTR over lesion creation and Cath
placement
Standard Catheter Technologytechnology Review
Flow
Standard Catheter Technology Clinically Review
• Risk of steam pops from a boiling process with gas expansion as tissue temp increases
• Needs saline cooling / flush• “Point by point” RFCA strategies• Requires precise catheter positioning
(high level of skill) Flow
Multi-electrode Catheter Ablation- Steerable Catheters able to map, pace and
ablate from all electrodes- Tailored lesions (i.e., depths, lengths,
configurations) according to unipolar and or bipolar setting configuration
• Ablation and Return Electrodes Same Potential and Phase Angle
• Current Flows from Ablation Electrode to Return Electrode
• 100% Power is Unipolar
Unipolar Only RF energy modes
Ablation Electrode
Tissue
Return Electrode
Bipolar Only RF Delivery Mode
• Ablation and Return Electrodes Different Pot. and Phase Angle
• Return Electrode Off• Current Flows Between
Ablation Electrode on Cath only• 100% Power is Bipolar
Ablation Electrode
Tissue
Return Electrode
50% of Power is Bipolar50% of Power is Unipolar
66.7% of Power is Bipolar33.3% of Power is Unipolar
80% of Power is Bipolar20% of Power is Unipolar
Different RF Delivery Mode
Creates contiguous lesions
Cross Section
Catheter Comparison4mm Tip Catheter PVAC
Electrode Shape
Electrode Surface Area
33.7 mm2 13.64 mm2
Power Input 35 W Max 10WCurrent Density 0.016 A/mm2 0.015 A/mm2
PV Isolation using the Cryo-Balloon
HD Mesh Ablator
HD Mesh Ablator
Multi-electrode Catheter Ablation RF energy modes
Current Flows from Abl Electrode to Return Electrode
• 100% Power is Unipolar
Current Flows between Abl Electrode on Cath only • 100% Power is Bipolar
• The purpose of AF Survey I was to assess on a large scale level methods, safety and efficacy of curative CA of AF (1995-2002)
• The rationale for AF Survey II is to evaluate the impact of newer techniques applied to broadened indications, according to the increased investigator’s experience
• Parameters were compared and selected for a post-hoc analysis and results reflect exclusively the experience of singles centres
AF Survey II
AF Survey II
Previous Survey
Current Survey
Period investigated 1995-2002 2003-2006
Nr of centers 90 85
No. of pts 8,745 16,309
No. of pts per center 97 192
No. procedures 12,830 20,825
No. procedures per pts 1.5 1.3
Male, % 63.8 60.8
Lower and upper age limit for entry
18-82 15-90
% of centers performing ablation of- Paroxysmal AF 100 100
- Persistent AF 53.4 85.9
- Permanent AF 20 47.1
Cappato R, Boston 2008
efficacy and safety data
Type of AF No. of Centers
No. of Pts
Success without AADs Success with AADs Overall SuccessNo Pts
Total Rate Median
74.9[64.9-82.6]
64.8[52.4-72.0]
63.1[53.3-71.4]
No Pts
Rate Median
9.1[0.2-14.7]
10.0[0.8-15.2]
7.9[0.9-15.9]
NoPts
Rate Median
Paroxysmal 85 9,590 6,580 1,290 7,870 84.0[79.7-88.6]
Persistent 73 4,712 2,800 595 3,395 74.8[66.1-80.04
Permanent 40 1,853 1,108 162 1,270 71.0[67.4-72.3]
AF Survey II
Cappato R, Boston 2008
Relationship between success rate and type of Ablation Catheter
Relationship between success rate and type of Ablation Catheter
Type of Catheter
No Center
No Pts Success without AADs Success with AADs Overall Success
Total No of Pts
Total Rate Median
68.3[48.4-80.8]
67.9[44.7-73.6]
68.1[46.2-73.6]
Total No of Pts
Rate Median
11.5[8.6-26.7]
9.0[0.0-14.8]
10.0[0.0-20.0]
Total No of Pts
Rate Median
4-mm 23 2,892 1,803 609 2,412 79.8[55.0-87.2]
Irrigated/ Cooled
39 6,674 3,891 721 4,612 76.9[56.4-88.5]
TOTAL 62 9,5665,694 1,330 7,024 78.1
[66.8-86.7]
AF Survey II
Cappato R, Boston 2008
Type of Strategy
No Center No Pts
Success without AADs
Success with AADs
Overall Success
Total No of Pts
Total Rate Median
78.0[67.9-78.8]
69.8 [56.8-73.4]
71.1[58.3-78.0]
Total No of Pts
Rate Median
6.7[0.0-13.3]
10.4[5.1-13.0]
10.0[0.0-13.0]
Total No of Pts
Rate Median
Lasso 21 3,722 2,616 499 3,115 84.7[78.8-89.5]
Carto 33 7,059 4,369 795 5,164 80.2[66.8-83.8]
TOTAL 54 10,781 6,985 1,294 8,279 81.0[73.3-84.0]
AF Survey II
Cappato R, Boston 2008
Relationship between success rate and type of Ablation Catheter
Major ComplicationsType of Complication No of Pts Rate,%
Death 25 0.15Tamponade 213 1.31
Pneumothorax 15 0.09
Haemothorax 4 0.02
Sepsis, abscesses or endocarditis 2 0.01Permanent diaphragmatic paralysis 28 0.17
Total femoral pseudoaneurysm 152 0.93
Total artero-venous fistulae 88 0.54
Valve damage/requiring surgery 11/7 0.07
Atrium-esophageal fistulae 3 0.02
Stroke 37 0.23
Transient ischaemic attack 115 0.71
Pulmonary veins stenoses requiring intervention 48 0.29
Total 741 4.54
AF Survey II
Cappato R, Boston 2008
• Results reflect the experience of centers electing to respond
• Intermediate-term follow up data• Post-ablation asymptomatic AF not investigated• CA of AF evolving over the time and these data
may not reflect the efficacy and safety rates of 2009
considerationsAF Survey II
• PVI is efficacy in 52-84% of PAF non-PVI is efficacy in 52-84% of PAF non-inducible and results in clinical successinducible and results in clinical success
• Substrate modification is likely to be Substrate modification is likely to be required in 30% of PAF and most CAF, but required in 30% of PAF and most CAF, but needs needs technological improvements technological improvements • An individually tailored approach is neededAn individually tailored approach is needed
What is the future for What is the future for satisfactory treatment of AF ?satisfactory treatment of AF ?
What is success?
• Complete freedom of AF, off drug RX?• No symptoms, but drug Rx required?• Dramatic decrease in symptoms, but
drugs still required?• QoL• How do we detect asymptomatic
episodes?• Anticoagulation ………………...?
What is the future for What is the future for satisfactory treatment of AF ?satisfactory treatment of AF ?
• Maintaining sinus rhythm (cure of AF) must Maintaining sinus rhythm (cure of AF) must remain our goalremain our goal• Indications for AF ablation will expand ? Indications for AF ablation will expand ? Role in complicated AFRole in complicated AF• Non-inducibility may be a useful procedural Non-inducibility may be a useful procedural endpoint to rationalize strategiesendpoint to rationalize strategies
Atrial Fibrillation ablationAtrial Fibrillation ablationvirtual geometry reconstructionvirtual geometry reconstruction
Be carefull don’t miss the right way
Technique no. of centers no. of patients %
RAC 8 75 0.1CA-TF 10 222 1.7OED 34 3,889 27.4Cartow/o PV isolation 15 1,460 10.3w/ PV isolation 37 5,394 37.9
3D non-contact 11 663 4.7Basket 10 150 1.1CFAEs 16 349 2.4Other 5 968 6.9Combination 19 1,048 7.4
Total 165 14,218 100.0
Cappato R, Boston 2008
AF Survey IIefficacy and safety data
Previous Survey
Current Survey
Proportion (%) of centers using as exclusion- Left atrial size upper limit 46.3 68.2- Lower cut-off limit of LVEF 64.3 22.4Success rate (%, median)- Free of AADs 52.0 64.3- With AADs 23.5 12.5- Overall 75.5 76.9Overall complication rate (%) 5.9 4.5Iatrogenic flutter 3.9 8.3
Entry Criteria, Outcome and Complications
Abstract Ref Pts Efficacy SafetyACUTE RESULTS OF PVI IN PTS WITH PaAF USING A SINGLE MESH CATHETERSteinwender C, Hönig S, Leisch F, Hofmann R.
JCVE ‘09
26 PaAF Acute: PVI in 99/102 (97%) PVs
Follow-Up: 6-month FU in 13 pts:8/13 (61%) of success2/13 (15%) improved3/13 (23%) failure
Pericardial effusion (pericardocentesis) in 1 ptNo other complication during the procedure or the subsequent hospital stay were observed. RF ABLATION OF
PaAF BY MESH CATHETERPratola C, Notarstefano P, Artale P.
JICE ‘09
15 PaAF Acute: PVI in 40 pts (100%)
Follow-Up: NA
No complications occurred during and after or procedures.
Clinical experience with a single Cath. for Map/Abl of PV ostium De Filippo P
JCVE ‘08
17 pts PaAF (10pts) PeAF (7 pts)
Acute: 100% (17/17) for LUPV, LIPV and RUPV 47% (8/17) for RIPV.Follow-up: 11±4 mo, 64% of pts in SR (8/10 PaAF and 3/7 for PeAF)
No complications occurred
either acutely or at follow-
Up
HD Mesh Ablator
ResultsResults
PV Isolation using the Cryo-Balloon
• Successfull electrical isolation of 97% PVs in a single procedure (28 mm Balloon)
• Follow Up of 89 ± 66 days – 15 pts. free of AF (75%)– 5 pts. reduced AF burden but still AF
• No complications, besides of 1 PN palsy
Asklepios Klink St. Georg, Hamburg
Multi-electrode Catheter Ablation
- Anatomically designed lesions - Large footprint for map/abl with a
single Cath placement- Energy delivered in a new/novel
way for CTR lesions size
• Low Power RF Energy Delivery • Different and Selectable RF
energy modes
Atrial Fibrillation ablationAtrial Fibrillation ablationPVs analysisPVs analysis
Atrial Fibrillation ablationAtrial Fibrillation ablationAnatomical considerationsAnatomical considerations