20th Century Terrorism

Terrorism Pre and Post 20th century

Pre 20th century Both Post 20th century

•Anarchists-Archduke Ferdinand killed•Marxist Russia-workers overthrow capitalists•Individuals were often targeted [powerful and wealthy]•Liberate colonies-Ireland-India

•Small•Secret•Mainly carried out by young men•Politically motivated•Objective to overthrow political regimes•Desire to advertise injustices

•Sectarian extremists-claim affiliation with mainstream religions or sub-nationalists groups such as Basques and Ireland•Interethnic civil wars-Lebanon, Cyprus, Bosnia, Sri Lanka•Radical environmentalists-oppose IMF and WTO•Indiscriminate assaults on civilians•Technological advantages

Extremist Groups

Al Qaeda—• Multinational extremist unit• goal "unite all Muslims and

to establish a government which follows the rule of the Caliphs."

• Osama Bin Laden has stated that the only way to establish the Caliphate is by force.

Nationalists

• Palestine/Israel– Palestinian Liberation Organization [PLO]– Hamas

• Basque Separatists

• Kurdish Separatists

Religious• Ireland—IRA [Irish Republican Army] vs.

Protestants

• India/Pakistan—Muslim vs. Hindus

• Indonesia—East Timor Catholics vs. Muslim majority

Ethnic

• Rwanda—Hutu vs. Tutsi

• Balkans—Bosnia Herzegovina [former

Yugoslavia]– Slobodan Milosevic

“ethnic cleansing” of non-Serbs

Eco-Terrorists

• Animal Rights Activists• Whale killing• Environmentalists

Genocide

• Definition--systematic killing of a racial or cultural group

• Different from war

Want to know more??

Go to Human Rights Watch

http://www.hrw.org/

Armenia

Final Solution

• 6 million killed

• Why didn’t world leaders do something?

• Nuremberg trials—crimes against humanity– Turning point in international justice

• Adolph Eichman captured in Argentina televised— “I was just following orders”

Cambodia

• Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge

• The Killing Fields

• Trained and armed by North Vietnamese