Terrorism Pre and Post 20th century
Pre 20th century Both Post 20th century
•Anarchists-Archduke Ferdinand killed•Marxist Russia-workers overthrow capitalists•Individuals were often targeted [powerful and wealthy]•Liberate colonies-Ireland-India
•Small•Secret•Mainly carried out by young men•Politically motivated•Objective to overthrow political regimes•Desire to advertise injustices
•Sectarian extremists-claim affiliation with mainstream religions or sub-nationalists groups such as Basques and Ireland•Interethnic civil wars-Lebanon, Cyprus, Bosnia, Sri Lanka•Radical environmentalists-oppose IMF and WTO•Indiscriminate assaults on civilians•Technological advantages
Extremist Groups
Al Qaeda—• Multinational extremist unit• goal "unite all Muslims and
to establish a government which follows the rule of the Caliphs."
• Osama Bin Laden has stated that the only way to establish the Caliphate is by force.
Nationalists
• Palestine/Israel– Palestinian Liberation Organization [PLO]– Hamas
• Basque Separatists
• Kurdish Separatists
Religious• Ireland—IRA [Irish Republican Army] vs.
Protestants
• India/Pakistan—Muslim vs. Hindus
• Indonesia—East Timor Catholics vs. Muslim majority
Ethnic
• Rwanda—Hutu vs. Tutsi
• Balkans—Bosnia Herzegovina [former
Yugoslavia]– Slobodan Milosevic
“ethnic cleansing” of non-Serbs
Eco-Terrorists
• Animal Rights Activists• Whale killing• Environmentalists
Genocide
• Definition--systematic killing of a racial or cultural group
• Different from war
Want to know more??
Go to Human Rights Watch
http://www.hrw.org/
Armenia
Final Solution
• 6 million killed
• Why didn’t world leaders do something?
• Nuremberg trials—crimes against humanity– Turning point in international justice
• Adolph Eichman captured in Argentina televised— “I was just following orders”
Cambodia
• Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge
• The Killing Fields
• Trained and armed by North Vietnamese
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