Europeans Explore the East 19.1

By: Meher, Samantha and Daniela

Essential Question

How did trade influence European countries, like Portugal, to explore?

Causes for the Exploration

❖ Desire for Wealth ❖ Spread Christianity❖ Advances in Technology

■ New vessels, astrolabe, compass❖ Merchants and Traders wanted to benefit from

business■ Spices that Europe wanted was nutmeg,

cinnamon,ginger, and pepper.■ Merchants could charge high prices for these.

❖ New monarchs of England, Spain, Portugal and France wanted to bypass merchants to get the goods.

Portugal Leads the Way❖ Prince Henry (Son of Portugal’s King) or Henry

the Navigator lead the way to Exploration because of strong government support.

❖ Portugal lead trade throughout the Atlantic Ocean and then spread into the Indian Ocean.

❖ Portugal created trading posts on the coast of Africa

■ they traded with africans for gold and ivory. Later on they traded for captives to be slaves.

Sailors reach Asia

❖ The Portuguese people believed that if they wanted to reach Asia they would have to sail on the tip of Africa

■ Portuguese captain Bartolomeu Dias was the one that explored down the tip of Africa, later he encountered a huge storm that put of his exploration for days.

■ All of Dias ships were blown away so he considered exploring India but they were low on food supplies so he went home

❖ Vasco Da Gama continued Dias’ voyage to India■ He reached the southwest coast of india

and found spices, rare silks and gems; he came home and was considered a hero.

Spanish Exploration

❖ Christopher Columbus convinced spain to finance a plan to sail west across the Atlantic to reach Asia.

❖ He reached an island in the Caribbean in 1492, thinking he had reached Asia.

❖ This lead to the European Colonization of the Americas.

❖ There were tensions between Spain and Portugal so in 1493 Pope Alexander VI suggested an imaginary dividing line (line of Demarcation).

❖ All lands to the east of line would belong to Portugal and all land west would belong to Spain.

Portuguese Trading Empire ❖ The portuguese built a huge trading route throughout the

Indian Ocean■ As they took control over the Indian oceans they

started to take control of the spices from the Muslim merchants.

■ Later on in 1509 they took over the Indian ocean fully and they made the muslims leave.

❖ The building of the Fort Hormuz in 1514 helped strengthen the hold the Portuguese had on the Indian Ocean

■ It connected the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea so the Muslims had no way of reaching the Indian Ocean

❖ Later on 1510 the Portuguese captured Goa a port located on India’s west coast. It was made into the new capital for the trading empire

❖ The Portuguese sailed farther down to Indonesia(East Indies)

Cont.

❖ On their way to Goa a portuguese fleet attacked malacca and they accomplished seizing malacca

■ Malacca was very rich in spices so they became known as the Spice Islands

❖ Captain Afonso de albuquerque strived to crush the Muslims chance of participating in Asian trades

■ Portuguese accomplished breaking that tie ❖ Merchants brought back goods from Asia

■ The goods cost half the price of what they were sold from the Arabs and Italians, more europeans could afford it.

❖ This influenced the rest of Europe to create trade routes

Netherlands Dominates the Sea

❖ The Dutch Republic is also called the Netherlands.❖ Netherlands became a seapower.

■ had the largest fleet of ships in the world (20,000 vessels)

❖ The Dutch and English broke Portuguese control of Asia.

❖ Each nation formed an East India Company to establish trade

■ These companies had the power to mint money, make treaties and raise their own armies.

■ The Dutch East India Company drove out England dominated the region.

European Trade Outposts

❖ In 1619 the dutch made their own headquarters at Batavia on the island of Java

■ expanded west to conquer more islands■ While conquering the islands they conquered malacca

and the Spice island from the Portuguese ❖ Throughout the 1600 the Netherlands started to gain control

of the Indian Ocean■ Since there were many goods on the island,

Netherland’s nation capital Amsterdam, became the center of commercial.

■ They ruled most of Indonesia and Southwest Asia.

Cont. ❖ Britain and France also had gained

control in the region.■ They failed to get the larger

areas so English East India company focused more on establishing India.

■ they built a business on cloths in the European market

❖ France tried to do the same thing but the Duchess kept attacking them

■ They were successful but they weren't making profits like England

❖ Europeans continued to gain numerous port cities