131182426 Basis Technical Overview

7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview

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Overview

SAP Basis Functions


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SAP Technical Overview

Learning Objectives

What the Basis system is

How does SAP handle a transaction

request Differentiating between the various work

processes

Understanding the basic functions of theBasis Module


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The Software-Oriented View of R/3


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The SAP R/3 System Architecture

Implications for Application Programming

Separate presentation and application layers implies

that when you run an application program that

requires user interaction, control of the program is

continually passed backwards and forwards betweenlayers.

When a screen is ready for user input, the

presentation layer is active, and the application server

is inactive with regard to that particular program.

As a consequence, the program logic in an

application program that occurs between two screens

is known as a DIALOG STEP.


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Application Layer (cont.)

Application Server

R/3 programs run on application servers

The APPLICATION SERVERcommunicate

with the presentation components, thedatabase, and also with each other, using aMESSAGE SERVER.

Main components:

Work Processes (Dialog, Update, Enqueue,Batch, Spool)

Dispatcher

Gateway

Message Server

The SAP R/3 System Architecture


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What happens when I send a

request to SAP?


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Application ServerPresentation . . . Internet

Application

Database

Communication

SAPGUISAPGUI InternetOffice

Work-

process

Work-

process

Work-

process

Dispatcher

TCP/IP

Remote SQL

IPC

Local Bufferfor R/3 Data,

DW-Objects,

ABAP-Objects


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Dispatcher

Program which manages resources of the

R/3 applications

Receives requests from user and passes

them to the corresponding work

processes

Only one dispatcher per applicationserver


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Dispatcher Tasks

Balances the workload between the

processes

Buffer management in main memory

Connection with the presentation level

Organization of the communication

processes


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Work Process

Responsible for executing R/3 application

tasks

Database

Interface

Task Handler

ABAP/4

Processor

Dialog

Interpreter

Work Process


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Different Kind of Work Processes for different

Tasks

Dialog

SAP DispatcherBatch

Spool

Update

Enqueue

S

12

9

6

3

11 1

7 58 4

210

B

M

G

Message

Gateway

R/2 R/3

V

E


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Dialog Work Processes

Dialog

Responsible for the interactive

tasks of the R/3 system

Dialog work processes executeonly one dialog step at a time

and are immediately freed for

the next user request Constantly switching between

users


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Background Work Processes

Responsible for executing

ABAP programs submitted

for background execution

Batch jobs schedule the

sequence of program

execution Used for running long and

time consuming programs

Batch12

9

6

3

11 1

7 58 4

210

B


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Spool Work Processes

Responsible for formatting

the data for printing andpassing it to the host spool

system

Only one spool work processallowed per server

Spool


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Enqueue Work Processes

Responsible for the lock

management system

Synchronizes database accessfor the multiple application

servers and work processes

Only one enqueue process

per R/3 system to ensure

data integrity

Enqueue

E


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Update Work Processes

Responsible for making

database changes requested

by dialog and background

processes

For better performance, this

process should be on the

database server

UpdateV


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V1 vs. V2 Update Processes

Time-critical processes are

inside V1 and less critical

ones within V2

Error situations in

V1 : changes rolled back and

V2 components not executed

V2 : only changes of V2

components rolled back

UpdateV


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Work Processes

Number of work processes can only be

changed after restarting the system

Should have at least two dialog work

processes

Need to have at least one V1 and V2

processes

Number of spool processes cannot be

changed


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Application ServerPresentation . . . Internet

Application

Database

Communication

SAPGUISAPGUI InternetOffice

Work-

process

Work-

process

Work-

process

Dispatcher

TCP/IP

Remote SQL

IPC


DW-Objects,

ABAP-Objects


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TCP/IP

Processing of a SAP Transaction (1)

Presentation . . . Internet

Application

Database

Communication

SAPGUI

Work-

process

Work-

process

Work-

process

Dispatcher

Remote SQL

IPC


DW-Objects,

ABAP-Objects

Start

Transaction

Assign User

request to

Workprocess

Fetch data from buffer/database

Re-

turn

data

for

next

step

1

2

3

4

5


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Processing of a SAP Transaction (2)Presentation . . . Internet

Application

Database

Communication

SAPGUI

Work-

process

Work-

process

Work-

process

Dispatcher

TCP/IP

Remote SQL

IPC


DW-Objects,

ABAP-Objects

1

2

3

56

8

Fetch data from

buffer/database

97

10

Assign User

request to

Workprocess

Re-

turn

datafor

next

step


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SAP Communication Interfaces

High

Level

Low

level

SAP Technology

Communication Interface

Communication System

Mail

MAPI

SMTP

X.400EDI

Business API

RFC

CPI-C

Q-API

IDOC

ALEOLE


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Business Framework

Business

ComponentBAPI

ALEBAPI

Business

Component

Business Component - contains business

functionality

BAPI - interface between the components

ALE - integration of components


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Business API (BAPI)

Defined method of a business object

Standardized methods allow customers to

integrate their software with R/3 Object-oriented in nature

BAPIs from all development platforms

that support the SAP Remote FunctionCall (RFC) protocol


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Other Interfaces

Application Link Enabled (ALE) - Interface

that links different SAP systems and

external application systems

Transport special data structures known as

IDOCS (Intermediate Documents)

Object Linking and Enabled (OLE) -

enables desktop users to access SAP datafrom many OLE client programs


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Basic Functions of Basis


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Basis Functions

Hardware and Database Administration

User and Security Administration

Client Maintenance Correction and Transport System (CTS)

Data Dictionary

Online Service System (OSS) Performance Monitoring and Tuning


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Hardware and Database

Administration

Hardware upgrades - adding memory or

servers

Database backup and recovery Database optimization

Disaster Recovery


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User Administration

Create users and assign profiles

Modify, lock and unlock users

Develop authorizations and profiles


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Client Maintenance

Create clients

Copy and refresh clients

Client imports and exports Delete and remove clients

Modify change options


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Correction and Transport System

R/3System

R/3System

R/3System

Development ProductionQuality

Assurance

Change

Request

Moving changes from one R/3 system to another


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Online Service System (OSS)

OSS is a set of SAPs online services such

as bug fixes and useful implementation

information

OSS Notes

Hotpacks

Remote Connections Send questions to SAP

ABAP registration


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Performance Monitoring and

Tuning

Check database usage and storage

capabilities

Dialog response time Investigate ABAP short dumps

Optimize performance characteristics


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Computer Center Management

System (CCMS)

Manages the entire system - database,

application, operating system

Collection of tools and utilities whichallow you to monitor and manage the R/3

system

Allows monitoring of multiple R/3systems

Comes FREE with each SAP system


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SAP T h i l O i

Computer Center Management

System (CCMS) functions

Starting and stopping instances

Monitoring and analyzing workload

Alert capabilities

Operation modes and work process

automatic reconfiguration

Instance profile checking and

maintenance

Logon load balancing

131182426 Basis Technical Overview

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