7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
1/39
Overview
SAP Basis Functions
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
2/39
SAP Technical Overview
Learning Objectives
What the Basis system is
How does SAP handle a transaction
request Differentiating between the various work
processes
Understanding the basic functions of theBasis Module
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
3/39
SAP Technical Overview
The Software-Oriented View of R/3
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
4/39
SAP Technical Overview
The SAP R/3 System Architecture
Implications for Application Programming
Separate presentation and application layers implies
that when you run an application program that
requires user interaction, control of the program is
continually passed backwards and forwards betweenlayers.
When a screen is ready for user input, the
presentation layer is active, and the application server
is inactive with regard to that particular program.
As a consequence, the program logic in an
application program that occurs between two screens
is known as a DIALOG STEP.
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
5/39
SAP Technical Overview
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
6/39
SAP Technical Overview
Application Layer (cont.)
Application Server
R/3 programs run on application servers
The APPLICATION SERVERcommunicate
with the presentation components, thedatabase, and also with each other, using aMESSAGE SERVER.
Main components:
Work Processes (Dialog, Update, Enqueue,Batch, Spool)
Dispatcher
Gateway
Message Server
The SAP R/3 System Architecture
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
7/39
What happens when I send a
request to SAP?
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
8/39
SAP Technical Overview
Application ServerPresentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUISAPGUI InternetOffice
Work-
process
Work-
process
Work-
process
Dispatcher
TCP/IP
Remote SQL
IPC
Local Bufferfor R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,
ABAP-Objects
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
9/39
SAP Technical Overview
Dispatcher
Program which manages resources of the
R/3 applications
Receives requests from user and passes
them to the corresponding work
processes
Only one dispatcher per applicationserver
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
10/39
SAP Technical Overview
Dispatcher Tasks
Balances the workload between the
processes
Buffer management in main memory
Connection with the presentation level
Organization of the communication
processes
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
11/39
SAP Technical Overview
Work Process
Responsible for executing R/3 application
tasks
Database
Interface
Task Handler
ABAP/4
Processor
Dialog
Interpreter
Work Process
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
12/39
SAP Technical Overview
Different Kind of Work Processes for different
Tasks
Dialog
SAP DispatcherBatch
Spool
Update
Enqueue
S
12
9
6
3
11 1
7 58 4
210
B
M
G
Message
Gateway
R/2 R/3
V
E
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
13/39
SAP Technical Overview
Dialog Work Processes
Dialog
Responsible for the interactive
tasks of the R/3 system
Dialog work processes executeonly one dialog step at a time
and are immediately freed for
the next user request Constantly switching between
users
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
14/39
SAP Technical Overview
Background Work Processes
Responsible for executing
ABAP programs submitted
for background execution
Batch jobs schedule the
sequence of program
execution Used for running long and
time consuming programs
Batch12
9
6
3
11 1
7 58 4
210
B
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
15/39
SAP Technical Overview
Spool Work Processes
Responsible for formatting
the data for printing andpassing it to the host spool
system
Only one spool work processallowed per server
Spool
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
16/39
SAP Technical Overview
Enqueue Work Processes
Responsible for the lock
management system
Synchronizes database accessfor the multiple application
servers and work processes
Only one enqueue process
per R/3 system to ensure
data integrity
Enqueue
E
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
17/39
SAP Technical Overview
Update Work Processes
Responsible for making
database changes requested
by dialog and background
processes
For better performance, this
process should be on the
database server
UpdateV
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
18/39
SAP Technical Overview
V1 vs. V2 Update Processes
Time-critical processes are
inside V1 and less critical
ones within V2
Error situations in
V1 : changes rolled back and
V2 components not executed
V2 : only changes of V2
components rolled back
UpdateV
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
19/39
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
20/39
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
21/39
SAP Technical Overview
Work Processes
Number of work processes can only be
changed after restarting the system
Should have at least two dialog work
processes
Need to have at least one V1 and V2
processes
Number of spool processes cannot be
changed
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
22/39
SAP Technical Overview
Application ServerPresentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUISAPGUI InternetOffice
Work-
process
Work-
process
Work-
process
Dispatcher
TCP/IP
Remote SQL
IPC
Local Bufferfor R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,
ABAP-Objects
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
23/39
SAP Technical Overview
TCP/IP
Processing of a SAP Transaction (1)
Presentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUI
Work-
process
Work-
process
Work-
process
Dispatcher
Remote SQL
IPC
Local Bufferfor R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,
ABAP-Objects
Start
Transaction
Assign User
request to
Workprocess
Fetch data from buffer/database
Re-
turn
data
for
next
step
1
2
3
4
5
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
24/39
SAP Technical Overview
Processing of a SAP Transaction (2)Presentation . . . Internet
Application
Database
Communication
SAPGUI
Work-
process
Work-
process
Work-
process
Dispatcher
TCP/IP
Remote SQL
IPC
Local Bufferfor R/3 Data,
DW-Objects,
ABAP-Objects
1
2
3
56
8
Fetch data from
buffer/database
97
10
Assign User
request to
Workprocess
Re-
turn
datafor
next
step
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
25/39
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
26/39
SAP Technical Overview
SAP Communication Interfaces
High
Level
Low
level
SAP Technology
Communication Interface
Communication System
MAPI
SMTP
X.400EDI
Business API
RFC
CPI-C
Q-API
IDOC
ALEOLE
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
27/39
SAP Technical Overview
Business Framework
Business
ComponentBAPI
ALEBAPI
Business
Component
Business Component - contains business
functionality
BAPI - interface between the components
ALE - integration of components
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
28/39
SAP Technical Overview
Business API (BAPI)
Defined method of a business object
Standardized methods allow customers to
integrate their software with R/3 Object-oriented in nature
BAPIs from all development platforms
that support the SAP Remote FunctionCall (RFC) protocol
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
29/39
SAP Technical Overview
Other Interfaces
Application Link Enabled (ALE) - Interface
that links different SAP systems and
external application systems
Transport special data structures known as
IDOCS (Intermediate Documents)
Object Linking and Enabled (OLE) -
enables desktop users to access SAP datafrom many OLE client programs
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
30/39
Basic Functions of Basis
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
31/39
SAP Technical Overview
Basis Functions
Hardware and Database Administration
User and Security Administration
Client Maintenance Correction and Transport System (CTS)
Data Dictionary
Online Service System (OSS) Performance Monitoring and Tuning
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
32/39
SAP Technical Overview
Hardware and Database
Administration
Hardware upgrades - adding memory or
servers
Database backup and recovery Database optimization
Disaster Recovery
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
33/39
SAP Technical Overview
User Administration
Create users and assign profiles
Modify, lock and unlock users
Develop authorizations and profiles
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
34/39
SAP Technical Overview
Client Maintenance
Create clients
Copy and refresh clients
Client imports and exports Delete and remove clients
Modify change options
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
35/39
SAP Technical Overview
Correction and Transport System
R/3System
R/3System
R/3System
Development ProductionQuality
Assurance
Change
Request
Moving changes from one R/3 system to another
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
36/39
SAP Technical Overview
Online Service System (OSS)
OSS is a set of SAPs online services such
as bug fixes and useful implementation
information
OSS Notes
Hotpacks
Remote Connections Send questions to SAP
ABAP registration
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
37/39
SAP Technical Overview
Performance Monitoring and
Tuning
Check database usage and storage
capabilities
Dialog response time Investigate ABAP short dumps
Optimize performance characteristics
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
38/39
SAP Technical Overview
Computer Center Management
System (CCMS)
Manages the entire system - database,
application, operating system
Collection of tools and utilities whichallow you to monitor and manage the R/3
system
Allows monitoring of multiple R/3systems
Comes FREE with each SAP system
7/28/2019 131182426 Basis Technical Overview
39/39
SAP T h i l O i
Computer Center Management
System (CCMS) functions
Starting and stopping instances
Monitoring and analyzing workload
Alert capabilities
Operation modes and work process
automatic reconfiguration
Instance profile checking and
maintenance
Logon load balancing
Top Related