SPES ProjectSPES Projecta second generation ISOL facility 

Gianfranco Prete LNL‐INFNOn behalf of the SPES CollaborationOn behalf of the SPES Collaboration

Indiana University, BloomingtonJuly 5‐8, 2011

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(National Nuclear Physics Institute)( y )

I.N.F.N. is strongly connected to University 4  National Laboratories 19 Divisions located inside Italian Universities

120 staff

19 Divisions located inside Italian UniversitiesPersonnel: I.N.F.N. ~ 2000 personsAssociated from University ~ 2000 personsStudents, PHD, temporary positions ~ 1700 

120 staffMore than 400 users mainly international

Superconductive RFQPIAVE HI Injector 

Accelerators at LNLLaboratori Nazionali di Legnaro

AN2000 2 MV CN 7 MV

SPES AREA

Superconductive Linac ALPI  40 MVeq

Tandem XTU 15 MV

SPES project strategy

1. Develop a Neutron Rich ISOL facility delivering Radioactive Ion Beams at 10AMeVusing the LNL linear accelerator ALPI  as re‐accelerator .

2 M k f Di ISOL T b d UC d bl h 1013 Fi i /2. Make use of a Direct ISOL Target  based on UCx and able to reach 1013 Fission/s.

3. Develop an applied physics facility based on the technology  and the components of the ISOL facility Applications in neutron production and medicineof the ISOL facility. Applications in  neutron production and medicine.

Exotic nuclei Applications

ISOL facility forNeutron rich nuclei by 

U fission 1013 f/s

Applications

Proton and neutron facility for applied 

h i

U fission 10 f/s physiscs

Radioisotope produduction

high purity beamReacceleration up to 

>10 MeV/u

p& Medical applications

SPES layout 

SPES phase alpha: f f l bl

High current RFQ d BNCT

High current RFQ d BNCT

ADS for GEN4 study

ADS for GEN4 study

construction of an ISOL facility  able to deliver Neutron‐Rich beams to the ALPI linac accelerator Radioisotopes for 

medical applicationsRadioisotopes for medical applications

and BNCTand BNCT

ISOL FACILITY

CYCLOTRON

ISOL FACILITY

LINAC ALPI

The SPES Cyclotron: main dataThe SPES Cyclotron: main data

• Accelerated particles: H‐

•Variable Energy:  35 MeV ‐ 70 MeV•Maximum beam current accelerated >700 µA

CONTRACT started 28 October 2010COST: 10,5Meuro (IVA included)

•Maximum beam current accelerated    >700 µA •Maximum beam current at the exit port 500 µA

• Extraction system: 

Actual status: executive project evaluated on June 2011.Construction started.DELIVERY 3 4 ( h d l b Stripper  H‐

Beam shared on two exit ports

•Performances:

DELIVERY  3‐4 years ( shedule to befixed according to building) 

exit1: 300µA H‐ 40MeV

exit2: 400µA H‐ 70MeV

Dual beam operation

Running time  > 5000 h/year

Minimum Beam Loss to avoid activation  (< 5%)

Radioisotopes production area

To  subcritical structurestructure

N t h ll

Neutrons hall

Neutrons halls

Cyclotronservice rooms

ISOL target.gBeam 

commissioning site

Vancouver (Canada) BEST meeting, 4‐6 April 2011

SPES CYCLOTRON l d kload work per year

2 k hif Beam sharing2 weeks per shiftBeam preparation 2 daysBeam on target 12 days

h h f

Protonbeam

N.rs of SHIFTS Beam on target:

Total 10600 hoursISOL 1 300A

40M V10 2800

Beam sharing

Beam on target 280 hours per shift

Each bunker will cool down for 14 days after target irradiation.

40MeVIrradiation 1 500 A

70MeV9 2500

Irradiation 2 500 A 70M V

10 2800

Expected Beam on target: 10600 hours per year

70MeVISOL 2 300 A

40MeV9 2500

M i t 7 7 14 24 2350Over 5000 hours/year of proton beam available for applications

Maintanance 7 7x14x24= 2350

CyclotronOperation

19 19x12x24= 5462esperiment19X2 24 912 b

pp19X2x24= 912 beam preparation

ISOL Radioactive Ion Beam production methodproduction method

2000oC Ion Source

Proton beam Experimental target

SPES:DIRECT TARGET ISOL facility

A second generation ISOL facilit for ne tron rich ion beams

SPES ISOL facility at LNLA second generation ISOL facility for neutron‐rich ion beams 

and an interdisciplinary research center

Proton induced fission on UCxProton induced fission on UCx1013 fission/s 8 kW on direct target 

Selective Production of  Species

Proton driverISOL target 1 (8kW)

d

1+ n+Increase Charge state

ISOL target 2

Charge BreederProton and neutron applicationsHV platform 

260kV

ISOL target 2

High Resolution Mass Spectrometer

Total cost ~ 50 Meuro

Beam cooler

Emittance i timprovement

ISOL Roadmap in EUROPE

TODAY 1012 fission/s , 2 MeV/n (A=130)

SPIRAL – LNS ‐ EXCYT

2014‐2025 1013‐14 fission/s  10 MeV/n (A=130)

> 1015 fission/s 100 MeV/n (A=130)

FROM 2025 3x 100 kW direct target1x 5 MW 2‐step target

114

Neutron Rich Isotopes are fission Neutron Rich Isotopes are fission fragments productsfragments products

Super Heavystability ???

A: 80A: 80--160 with 160 with UCxUCx targettarget

n‐rich ndeficient

Besprovany Levit PLB 217(1989)1Z

ProtonNeutron

p/n decoupling

184

N

Limiting T

Neutron skin

r

Neutron halo

r

Stable Nucleus

r

Evolution of shell nuclear structure

Isospin & level density

??Halo nuclei

Borromean nuclei11Li Pigmy resonance

??

SPES target: operation principle 

Fission efficiency 100p per 1 5 FFFission efficiency 100p per 1.5 FF~ 200 A 1013 fissions/sec Beam power = 40 MeV p x 200 A = 8 KW

Stopping Power & Fission Cross Section for p-> UCx

33,5

44,5

dg*c

m2. Fission Cross Section

Stopping PowerWindows UCx targets

25 gr

dump

00,5

11,5

2

2,5

2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50

Barn

& M

eV/ DumpDump TargetTarget

SPES configurationTmelting

Proton Energy (MeV)

©© 7 UCx SLICES 7 UCx SLICES (ρ=2.5 g/cm3) (ρ=2.5 g/cm3) (active material)(active material)

diameter 4cm diameter 4cm 1 3 mm thick each1 3 mm thick each ((~~30gr of UCx)30gr of UCx)l d b b

©© 3 graphite DUMP 3 graphite DUMP (slowing down protons with low fission (slowing down protons with low fission 

1.3 mm thick each1.3 mm thick each (( 30gr of UCx) 30gr of UCx) Power density in UCx = 200W/grPower density in UCx = 200W/gr

Standard configuration

60% power supplied by beam40% power from heater

( g p( g pcross section and high power density)cross section and high power density)

Thermal test performed at HRIBF‐ORNL

Carbides production and characterization

Ultra High Temperature Furnaces

Carbide developments

characterization

1) Carburization and sintering of carbides

2) Carburization and sintering of UCxx

3) Off-line tests on materials (UHT behaviour)

4) Development of measurement systems i.e. thermal conductivity and emissivity UCx with nanotubes.

Next experiment at HRIBF

LabView software controlling the heating/cooling schedule

Engineering the shielding system* UC df # 84 1344

Next experiment at HRIBFOctober 2011

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

§ * **

*

**** *

**

*

*

Inte

nsity

*

* UC2

pdf # 84-1344

§

§ Graphite pdf #

UCx20 40 60 80 100

,

2

SEM Characterization0.8

1.0 UCx emissivity

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 16000.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

UCx from UO2+nC

emis

sivi

ty

T (°C)

SPES TargetOn‐line Test experiment at HRIBF

For expected beam on target, data are scaled to:200 microA proton current 2-5% transport efficiency

Proton energy = 40MeVISOL target operated at 2000oC.Ionization and extraction with 1+ Plasma SourcePlasma Source.Isotopes measured at tape system. 

SPES target conceptual design

Target assemblyg y

Windows UCx targets25 gr

dump

ION sourcesION sources

Elements with bad volatility (NOT EXTRACTED)

Surface Ionization Method (Alkaline)Surface Ionization Method (Alkaline)

Surface  Ion source 1 2

H He

Photo Ionization MethodPhoto Ionization Method

Plasma Ionization Method (Halogen)Plasma Ionization Method (Halogen)3 4 5 6 7 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

8

Laser beam 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Laser beam

Laser Ion source

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112

Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt

Main fission 238U fragmentsfebiad Ion source

The SPES Ion SourcesPlasma Ion Source (PIS) Surface Ion Source (SIS)Plasma Ion Source (PIS) Surface Ion Source (SIS)

350 A

Next laser test at LNL with excimerSelective Aluminum ionization with a single wavelength

LPX200 XeCl excimer laser

Pulse. 15 ns λ=308 nm

Al photo ionizationionization

Laser beam

Th l b h i f li d i t h t it20 Hz ; 12 mJ per pulse

The laser beam shape is focalized into hot cavityof 3 mm. diameter and 6 m. far away20 Hz ; 20 mJ per pulse

Preliminary results

WP03: IonizationWP03: Ionization measurementsmeasurementsFront end  running since June ‘10Front end  running since June ‘10

Beam diagnosticdevices

Beam transport devicesBeam transport devices

Traget & Ion source (platform 30kV)

Target activation and neutron production

TARGET: 7 UCx disks + 3 graphitePROTON BEAM: 40 MeV, 200 A

Target ActivityTotalDose

TotalDose

Total Dose(Sv/h)

Cooling time after irradiation

Target radioactivity

gradioactivity

y(Bq) (Sv/h) at

1 m(Sv/h) at2 m

( )at 2 m with2cm of lead

IRRADIATION

14 Days 2E+13 2.1E+00 5.2E-01gCOOLING

14 Days 7E+11 4.1E-02 1.0E-02 1 E-03

Proton beam direction1.00E+14

Total Neutron Yield

1 00E 091.00E+101.00E+111.00E+121.00E+131.00E 14

ield (n/

s)

1.00E+071.00E+081.00E+09

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Yi

Neutron Energy (MeV)

Spettri di neutroni prodotti dal fascio di protoni a 70 MeV su diversi bersagli “spessi”70 MeV su diversi bersagli  spessi

Neutron facility at the SPES Cyclotron Integral neutron production at SPES CyclotronIntegral neutron production at SPES CyclotronProton beam= 70 MeV, 500 ATarget = W 5mm

E S @ 2 @ 1Energy region (MeV)

Sn(n/s)

~ 6·1014 s-1

n @ 2.5 m(n cm‐2 s‐1)

n @ 1 cm(n cm‐2 s‐1)

1 < E < 10  ~ 5·1014 s-1 5108 31013

10 < E < 50 ~ 1·1014 s-1 1108 6x1012

LIFAN: Single Event Effect and DIRECT proton irradiation

FARETRA:Moderated neutron facility with Neutron spectra similar to 

Research AcceleratorDriven System:  fast neutrons subcritic

proton irradiation facility Gen IV reactors

Union for Compact Accelerator based

system  based on LEU and lead moderator. 200kW.Proposal under discussion. 

Accelerator‐based Neutron Sources 

Second Meeting:Indiana University, BloomingtonJuly 5‐8, 2011

FARETRAFAst  REactor simulator for TRAnsmutation studies

Proposal: making use of the SPES cyclotron proton 

SPES Cyclotron

beam (40‐70 MeV) on a (Be,W o Pb) neutron 

converter and of a proper neutron spectrum shifter Cyclotrondriver 

system , produce a GenIV‐like fast neutron 

spectrum  to start cross sections integral 

measurements on actinides fission fragments andmeasurements on actinides fission fragments and 

structural materials.

1 μgr  238Pu (87 y, 0.6 MBq) σ(n,f) ~ 1 b

Expected Transmutation Rate = 20 c/s

Preliminary modeling of FARETRA facility

Fe inner spectrum shifter 

Al outer spectrum shifter 

Proton beam: 70 MeV, 0.5 mATarget: Tungsten 

Pb gamma shield (inner)Poly‐B neutron shield

Proton beam pipe

W conical target H2O target cooling feed through system

Proton beam pipe

Conical W target

H2O moderator volume

Fe inner spectrum shifterCF2+Pobyboron 

shielded Irradiation chamber 

Insertion / extraction rods 

Neutron spectrum inside irradiation chamber MCNPX calculation results (Preliminary)MCNPX calculation results (Preliminary) 

Accelerator‐driven Systems (ADS) and Fast Reactors (FR) in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles: A comparative study NEA‐OEDC, 2002

0.25

0.30

lethargy (cm‐2)

Volume averaged neutron spectrum inside the 4 irradiation chambers 

FARETRA facility

0.15

0.20

tron

 flue

nce pe

r un

it  FARETRA  facility

Spectra in fast

0.00

0.05

0.10

dn/dln(E)  ne

utreactor

0.00

1.E‐05 1.E‐04 1.E‐03 1.E‐02 1.E‐01 1.E+00 1.E+01Energy (MeV)

Moderation Efficiency (10 eV ‐10 MeV) : ~ 5∙10‐4

Integral neutron flux: Φ = ~ 1 0 1010cm‐2s‐1Integral neutron flux: Φn= ~ 1.0∙1010cm 2s 1

See details on J.Esposito POSTER 13

The LIFAN PROJECT The Legnaro Intense FAst Neutron Facility 

Preliminary studies on a SEE irradiation facility at LNL

Neutron beam irradiation area

Proton beam irradiation area

SEE irradiation facility at LNL Following the ANITA facility scheme at Zveldeberg

SPES cyclotron‐driven fast neutronirradiation facilityirradiation facility aimed at radiationdamage testing on new electronic devices for

26

electronic devices for SEE studies  (Single Event Effects)

The LIFAN PROJECT 

MCNPX (LNL)

Flux comparison with other facilities  (3 m distance from the target)Flux comparison with other facilities  (3 m distance from the target)

MCNPX (LNL) at 750 nA current

NEUTRON FLUX FOR Ep=70MeV, 750nA at distance 300 cm F~108 (n/s/cm2/MeV)same flux on a beam spot of 1m diameter can besame flux on a beam spot of 1m diameter can be obtained at 10 m distance increasing the current by a factor 10 (~ 10 microA)

Two solutions to shape the n-beam are proposed:•FARETRA-like Moderator •Rotating multimaterial target

See Bisello POSTER 12See Bisello POSTER 12

The White Spectrum Neutron SourceOur method: the desired neutron spectra is composed by adding neutron

• rotating Pb/Be thin production target: no moderator neededNeutron spectrum calculated at 3 m distance

Our method: the desired neutron spectra is composed by adding neutron spectra coming from different target materials

Pb (3mm)

Neutron spectrum calculated at 3 m distance Ep=70 MeV, 750nA

Pb (3mm)

Be (5mm)

70 MeV protons

P.F.Mastinu

conclusionsconclusions

The SPES project is in the construction phase. The SPES project is in the construction phase. Commissioning is expected for 2015.

The proton driver accelerator allows to operate two targetst th tiat the same time

Both the ISOL facility and an applicaion facility can run in parallelp

SPES project will offer the possibility to develop anaccelerator based neutron facility at LNL

UCANS is the right reference community 

We hope to become an “operative” partner soon.