1 Urinary System
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Transcript of 1 Urinary System
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URINARY SYSTEM
1. Kidneys2. Ureters
3. Urinary Bladder
4. Urethra
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KIDNEYS
Excrete excess water and waste products
of metabolism
Maintain extracellular fluid volume
Control Acid-Base balance
Endocrine function- Erythropoietin
- Renin
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URINIFEROUS TUBULES
NEPHRON- Renal Corpuscles
- Tubules
COLLECTING TUBULE
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Renal Corpuscle
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GLOMERULUS
1. Podocytes
2. Basement membrane
3. Endothelial cells4. Mesangial cells
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PODOCYTES
Free ribosomes
Few RER
Few mitochondria
Prominent GOLGI
Abundant ACTIN
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Filtration slits- 25 nm wide
Diaphragm 6 nm thick
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Basement Membrane
- Fusion of two basal laminae
- Electron microscope:
Lamina densa- collagen IV, lamininLamina rara- fibronectin
matrix- heparan SO4 (negative charge)
- Filtration barriera. physical lamina densa
b. charge- anionic matrix
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Endothelial Cells
Fenestrated (70-90 nm diameter)
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BLOOD FILTER
FENESTRATED ENDOTHELIUM
BASAL LAMINA
FILTRATION SLITS
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Mesangial Cells
- extracellular matrix synthesis
- support to capillary walls
- may act as macophages
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TUBULES
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PROXIMAL TUBULE
-Acidophilic cytoplasm
-Brush border & canaliculi
-Pinocytic vesicles
-Abundant mitochondria
-Na/K ATPase pump at basolateral membrane
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PROXIMAL TUBULE CELLS
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PROXIMAL TUBULE
Reabsorbs glucose and amino acids from
the glomerular filtrate
Reabsorbs Sodium and water (70% of
glomerular filtrate)
- Sodium Potassium ATPase Pump
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LOOP OF HENLE
Involved in water retention
Maintain hypertonicity of
the medulla
- active transport of NaCl
from tubule to interstitium
- impermeable to waterexcept thin descending
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DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
-Lack microvilli & canaliculi
-Larger lumen
-Elaborate basal membrane invaginations
-Basal mitochondria
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DISTAL TUBULE
Active reabsorption ofSodium and
Chloride ions (ALDOSTERONE)
Impermeable to water
MACULA DENSA
- columnar cells
- closely packed nuclei
- golgi complex in basal region
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MACULA DENSA
-Regulate GFR
-Sensitive to Chloride ion content in tubular fluid
-Produce molecular signals that constrict afferent arterioles
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Distal Tubule
Ion exchange site
- Na absorption & K secretion
(Aldosterone influenced)
Acid- base balance
- secretes Hydrogen & ammonium ions
into tubular urine
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COLLECTING TUBULES &
DUCTS
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COLLECTING TUBULES &
DUCTSCuboidal to columnar epithelium
Penetrate the medulla to form the Papillary
Ducts of Bellini & drain into minor calyces
- Responsive to ADH
- water absorption (retention)
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COLLECTING DUCT
CONTROL OF ACID BASE BALANCE
Resorption of bicarbonates (carbonic
anhydrase) = acidification of urine
STIMULATED BY HORMONES
- Antidiuretic Hormone- Atrial Natriuretic factor
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Nephrons
Filtration, absorption & secretionCortical Nephron
Juxtamedullary Nephron
- establish hypertonicity of medulla
- basis for kidney ability to produce
hypertonic urine
- very long Henles loop extending to
medulla (short thick descending, long thin
descending & ascending, thick
descending)
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JUXTAGLOMERULAR COMPLEX
Adjacent to renal corpuscle
MACULA DENSA
JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS- afferent arteriole with modified
smooth muscle
- secrete RENIN
EXTRAGLOMERULAR MESANGIAL
CELLS
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JUXTAGLOMERULAR COMPLEX
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ANGIOTENSINOGEN
ANGIOTENSIN I
ANGIOTENSIN II
RENIN
CONVERTING ENZYME
VASOCONSTRICTION ALDOSTERONE SECRETION
BLOOD SUPPLY
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BLOOD SUPPLY
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HISTOPHYSIOLOGY
BLOOD SUPPLY
1,200 ml/min
GLOMERULAR FILTRATE
125 ml/min
URINE OUTPUT
1 ml/min
Urine production
Filtration, absorption & secretion
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Filtration
Positive pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure of blood (45 mmHg)
Opposing pressure- Plasma osmotic pressure (20 mmHg)
- Bowmans fluid hydrostatic pressure
(10mmHg)Glomerular Filtrate = Plasma - Proteins
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COUNTERCURRENT MECHANISM
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VASA RECTA
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Urinary Passages & Bladder
Calyces
Renal pelvis
UreterUrinary bladder
Urethra
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TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
PELVIS AND CALYCES= 2-3 CELLS THICK
URETER= 4-5 CELLS THICK
URINARY BLADDER= 6-8 CELLS THICK
Luminal surface
- Covered with thick plates
- Rich in CEREBROSIDE
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URETER
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URINARY BLADDER
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Urinary BladderEpithelium
Lamina propriaMuscular layer
- indistinct arrangement
- at bladder neck:
a. inner longitudinal circular at prostatic urethra &entire urethra of females (involuntary urethral sphincter)
b. middle layer
c. Outer longitudinal- continue up to prostate in
males & meatus in females
Adventitia/Serosa
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MALE URETHRA
PROSTATIC URETHRA (pars prostatica)
Transitional Epithelium
- ejaculatory ducts
- openings ofprostate gland ducts
MEMBRANOUS URETHRA (pars membranacea)Pseudostratified to Stratified Columnar Epithelium
- Striated mm= External Sphincter Urethrae
PENILE URETHRA (pars spongiosa)
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
- Ducts ofBulbourethral glands
- Ducts ofglands of Littre
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FEMALE URETHRA
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
-Mucous Secreting Cells
Lamina Propria
- Venous plexus
Smooth Muscle Layer
- Inner longitudinal
- Outer circumferential
STRIATED mm- Sphincter