1-82 Cavalry Spur Ride Call for Fire Class

Call For Fire (CFF) Instruction Outline For 1-82 CAV Squadron Spur RideJANUARY 8, 2011 IDT

Call For Fire (CFF) Instruction OutlineAdministrative DataSafety: None

Risk: Low

Environmental: None

Evaluation: Informal Quizzes throughout Instruction

Terminal Learning ObjectiveAction: Request and Adjust Indirect Fire

Condition: In a classroom environment (utilizing a 4 X 2 White Board or Butcher Block Paper, and black, red and blue markers) given a 1 hour block of instruction on Call For Fire and Successive Bracketing.

Standard: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At a minimum student must use observer identification, warning order, target location, and target description and adjust the rounds using mil-relation formula and the successive bracketing technique with in 50 meters of target. IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

SECTION 1SUMMARY OF SQUADRON SPUR RIDE CFF EVENT

During the CFF Event you will be utilizing the call for fire simulator. One Soldier at a time with utilize the CFF format in order to bring EFFECTS (neutralize or destroy) on enemy targets. All other soldiers not firing will identify enemy and friendly vehicles presented on printed pictures.

The CFF standards for the event are:1. Occupy net2. EFFECTS successfully brought to enemy

target (meaning DESTROYED) within 5 adjustments.

3. Exit net

SECTION 2CALL FOR FIRE (CFF) INTRODUCTION

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The Six Elements of the CFFEssential Optional1. Observer Identification

5. Method of Engagement

2. Warning Order6. Method of Fire and Control3. Target Location

4. Target Description

The Three Transmissions of the CFF

1st Transmission1. Observer Identification

2. Warning Order

2nd Transmission 3. Target Location

3rd Transmission

4. Target Description

5. Method of Engagement

6. Method of Fire and Control


FIRST TRANSMISSION

The First Transmission is a combination of the Observer Identification and Warning Order. Remember, before initiating a CFF make sure the Fire Direction Control (FDC) is tracking your position utilizing the Military GRID Reference System. DO NOT SEND YOU LOCATION IN THE CFF FORMAT.

Warning Order

Types of MissionsTypes of Method of Location

1. Adjust Fire 1. Grid

2. Fire For Effect 2. Polar

3. Immediate3. Shift from Known Point4. Suppression Smoke

5. Suppression

For the Spur Ride you will only be utilizing the ADJUST FIRE and FIRE FOR EFFECT mission types, and GRID or POLAR methods of Location.

When you initiate your CFF, use ADJUST FIRE until you have completed successive bracketing. Once your adjusting round is within 100 M from your target then you will transmit your last adjustment with FFE.

A POLAR mission will be the easiest of observes unfamiliar with CFF procedures. Example below of POLAR 1st transmission:

YOU this is ME, AF, POLAR, over

A GRID mission is a standard mission for artillery and mortars; it is not stated in the warning order. Example below of POLAR 1st transmission:

YOU this is ME, AF, over

After you send first transmission insure the FDC reads back your first transmission verbatim. If the

FDC does not correctly reads back your first transmission, interrupt the FDC by saying CORRECTION and resent your transmission starting at the mission type, example:

Observers Transmission: H12 (FDC) this is E45 (Observer), AF, POLAR, Over

FDC Transmission: E45 this is H12, FFE, P…

Observer Transmission Correcting FDC: CORRECTION, AF, POLAR, over

FDC Transmission after Correction: AF, POLAR, Out

CORRECTIONS will be similar for the other transmission when the FDC read backs your transmission.

Also, if you make a mistake during your transmission you will transmit CORRECTION then resend your transmission starting prior to your mistake.

SECOND TRANSMISSIONThe Second Transmission is utilities in order to tell the FDC the targets location. The FDC will accept GRID and POLAR COORDINATES, and SHIFT FROM KNOW POINT. You will NOT use SHIFT FROM KNOW POINT for the Spur Ride.

When sending your target’s location to the FDC use the following standards:

A GRID COORDINATE is sent with a map identifier first then a minimum of 6 or a maximum of 10 digits. Example: GRID HS 56830145, k

A POLAR COORDINATE is sent in the following order: Direction (in increments of 10) and Distance to TGT for your location (in increments of 100). Example: DIR (Direction) 5450 DIS (Distance) 3200, k

When sending your direction in POLAR missions use the following standards:

Direction is measured from Observer to Target.

Mils (not degrees) Round to Nearest 10 Mils. Example: 1222

mils is rounded to 1220. Say 4 Digits when using Mils. Example:

0070 is said “Zero, Zero, Seven, Zero, Mils.”

THIRD TRANSMISSION

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Example of Three Transmissions of the CFF

1st Transmission

1. PEGASUS 3 de SHOCKER 132. ADJUST FIRE, POLAR, k

2nd Transmission3. DIS 2000 M, DIR 1800 MILS, k

3rd Transmission

4. 3 T72s, DUG IN,

5. ICM IN EFFECT

6. WHEN READY


The Third Transmission is comprised of Target Identification, Method of Engagement, and Method of Fire and Control. This transmission informs the FDC what target you want to EFFECT, how you want to EFFECT the target and when you want EFFECTS utilized. In this transmission the FDC will compare your CFF to their SOPs, guidence and what EFFECTS (ammunition) is available for FDC to use.

Utilize ‘SNAP’ to send Target Identification. It insures you sent a quick but informative description to the FDC in order to bring the appropriate EFFECTS to your target.

Method of Engagement is where you tell the FDC how to EFFECT your target. During the Spur Ride you will most likely use DANGER CLOSE and/or AMMUNITION REQUEST is your CFF.

DANGER CLOSE is 600m from Observer or nearest friendly Troops to Target (when using Field Artillery or Mortars.)AMMUNITION REQUEST is a request to change ammunition from HE (standard SOP) to any of the following: DPICM, WP, or ILLUM.

Method of Fire and Control is when the target will be EFFECTED. For the Spur Ride you will use WHEN READY, other methods are AT MY COMMAND, and TIME ON TARGET (you will not use this commands.)

WHEN READY is standard and is not stated in Method of Fire and Control. WHEN READY means your fire mission will be fired at the earliest convince to the FDC and gun battery.

Example of Third Radio Transmission during the Spur Ride:

3 T72s, 2 BMPs, DUG IN, K

MESSAGE TO OBSERVER (MTO)The Message to Observer (MTO) is the verification that your CFF will be executed and where the FDC will inform you if they have made any changes to your CFF. The FDC initiates the MTO.

Message to Observer message contains the following:

Call sign of unit(s) to fire Changes to Call for Fire Number of rounds per tube in FFE Target Number

An Example of an MTO: DOGFIRE, HE/VT in effect, 2 Rounds,

AB2001, k

As the observer you will read back the MTO confirming the fire mission, acknowledging the changes and ready to observe.

Once the FDC gives your fire mission to a gun battery, the FDC will inform you that your rounds have been shot by transmiting your Target Number and SHOT. Example:

“AB2001, SHOT, Over” then you will

reply “AB2001, SHOT, Out”

Once your round has impacted near or on your target, you will inform the FDC by transmitting your Target Number and SPLASH. Example:

“AB2001, SPLASH, Over” then the FDC will reply “AB2001, SPLASH, Out”

If the round fired was one of your adjusting rounds then your next transmission will be your correction. If it was your FFE, then you will get a BATTLE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT. Example:

ROUNDS COMPLETE, 1 T72, 2 BMPs DESTROYED, 1 T72, 1 BMP Neutralized, K

SECTION 3ADJUST FIRE AND SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING

Standards: Determined the target location to within 250 meters of its actual location. The initial call for fire was made within 3 minutes after the target was identified. Adjustments were sent within 45 seconds after each round impacted. Observer entered the fire-for-effect phase using no more than six rounds (initial round plus five for adjustment). Fire for effect was within 50 meters of the target using successive bracketing procedures (or creeping fire if danger close).

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SNAPElements Example

SIZE1 Platoon, 3 squads, 2 Companies

NATURE (Nomenclature)

T-72 (Tank), Infantry, Light Armored Wheeled Vehicles

ACTIVITY Stationary, Finding Cover

PROTECTIONIn Bunkers, Dug In, In the Open


Performance Steps 1. Locate the target within 250 meters of the actual

target location. a. Locate the target by grid coordinates. b. Determine the direction from your

position to the target.c. Formulate a call for fire. Include the

elements of the call for fire in sequence.

i. Observer identification (your call sign).

ii. Warning order (adjust fire).iii. Location of target. iv. Description of the target (for

example "INFANTRY PLATOON IN THE OPEN").

v. Method of engagement (may be omitted if area fire is desired).

1. If the target is within 600 meters of friendly troops, announce "DANGER CLOSE" to the fire direction center (FDC) in the initial call for fire, in the method of engagement phase.

2. Use creeping procedures to adjust danger close fire. Range corrections should NOT exceed 100 meters.

3. Initial target location is reported on the enemy side of the target.

vi. Method of fire control.

Note. The request for a fire mission would be similar to figure 061-283-6003-1.

Figure 061-283-6003-1. Initial Fire Request

2. Transmit the call for fire to the FDC within three minutes of target identification.

a. Conduct three transmissions.i. Send observer identification

and warning order. Example: "A4Z57, THIS IS G3H71, ADJUST FIRE, OVER."

ii. Send target location. Example: "GRID NG180513, OVER." (Give the six-digit grid of the target, with the grid zone identifier, to within 250 meters of the actual target location.)

iii. Send target description, method of engagement, method of fire and control. Example: "INFANTRY IN THE OPEN, ICM IN EFFECT, OVER."

b. Give the direction to the target within 100 mils (M2 compass) or five degrees (lensatic compass) or give an accurate cardinal direction (no compass available) of the actual target location. This should be sent before the first correction, or with the first correction.

3. Adjust rounds to within 50 meters of the target, within 45 seconds of the impact of each adjusting round.

a. Spot each round when it impacts as right or left, over or short of your target.

b. Determine corrections for deviation left or right of the target.

Note. Measure deviation. Measure the horizontal angle in mils, using the reticle pattern in the binoculars or hand measurement of angular deviation. Estimate the range to the target and divide by 1,000. This is the observer-target (OT)

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factor. If the OT distance is 1,000 meters or greater, the OT factor is expressed to the nearest whole number. If the OT distance is less than 1,000 meters, the OT factor is expressed to the nearest 1/10th. For example, 800 = 0.8. Multiplying the OT factor by the deviation measured in mils produces deviation corrections in meters.

c. When the first range spotting is observed, make a range correction that would result in a range spotting in the opposite direction. For example, if the first round is short, add enough to get an over on the next round. This is called successive bracketing (figure 061-283-6003-2). Figure 061-283-6003-3 shows the impact of the initial round. The target is 2100 meters away. Since the round is beyond the target, you must drop. You estimate that the round is 250 meters beyond the target. Therefore, you must drop 400 meters to start successive bracketing procedures. The round impacted 50 mils left of the target. With an OT factor of 2, the round impacted 100 meters left. Your correction to the FDC is "RIGHT 100-DROP 400-OVER."

WARNING DO NOT BRACKET when DANGER CLOSE, it could result in friendly casualties, use the creeping fire procedure (all corrections are 100 meters or less)

Figure 061-283-6003-2. Successive Bracketing

Figure 061-283-6003-3. Impact of Initial Round

d. Continue splitting the range bracket until a 100-meter bracket is split or range correct spotting is observed, maintaining deviation on line. (Figure 061-283-6003-4 and 061-283-6003-5 show the next adjustments).

Figure 061-283-6003-4. Second Round

Figure 061-283-6003-5. Third Round

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e. Transmit corrections to the FDC in meters. The initial correction should bracket the target in range. The adjustment phase of a fire mission would resemble the example shown in figure 061-283-6003-6. Deviation correction should be made to keep the rounds on the observer target line.

Figure 061-283-6003-6. Adjustment Phase

f. Use the following guide to establish a bracket. When the estimated round impact distance to the target is-

i. More than 400 meters, add or drop 800 meters.

ii. More than 200 but less than 400 meters, add or drop 400 meters.

iii. More than 100 but less than 200 meters, add or drop 200 meters.

iv. Less than 100 meters, add or drop 100 meters.

v. Add or drop 50 meters and announce fire for effect.

4. Initiate fire for effect. When a 100-meter bracket is split or a range correct spotting is made, the fire-for-effect phase is entered (figure 061-283-6003-7). Figure 061-283-6003-8 shows a simulated pattern that might be observed in the fire-for-effect phase and the observed results of fire for effect are reported.

Figure 061-283-6003-7. Fourth Round

Figure 061-283-6003-8. Fire for Effect Pattern

5. Observe the results of fire for effect, transmit refinements (if necessary), and provide end of mission and surveillance (figure 061-283-6003-9).

a. Determine the effects on the target. b. Give a brief description of what

happened to the target. Example: "EOM, TARGET DESTROYED, ESTIMATE TWO CAUSALITIES, OVER."

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1-82 Cavalry Spur Ride Call for Fire Class

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