Name: Date:Physiology (How our organs work) -The Digestive system

Lesson ObjectivesDescribe the organs of the digestive system and explain their functions.Explain what happens during digestion.Describe how nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstreamDescribe how wastes are eliminated from the body.

PhasesIngestion - putting food into your mouth.

Mechanical digestion - physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces.

teeth tear and grind food. Food then goes down the esophagus

Chemical digestion - enzymes break down food into small molecules the body can use

Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugar molecules, like glucose.

Other enzymes in the stomach and intestine break down other big molecules into tiny ones. Why? Large molecules are too big to pass from the digestive tract into the blood.

Absorption - In the small intestine, the food molecules are absorbed into the circulatory system (the arteries and veins that carry our blood)

These molecules are then transported to every cell in the body.

The body cells take the nutrients that they need.

Elimination: The large intestine absorbs water. Any leftover material is packed as feces.Feces is then eliminated through the end of the large intestine, out through the anus.

Name: Date:Teacher: Physiology (How our organs work) -The Digestive system

Macromolecules broken into tinier molecule . Carbohydrates / starches -> sugars

Chromosomes -> nucleotides

Proteins -> amino acids

Fats & Lipids -> Glycerols and fatty acids

http://

redkgapofem.blogspot.com/2011/05/circulatory-system-diagram-for-kids.html

Synthesis is the making of large molecules from small ones

http://johnbright.conwy.sch.uk/vle/mod/resource/view.php?id=299

Name: Date:Student: Physiology (How our organs work) -The Digestive system

Lesson ObjectivesDescribe the organs of the digestive system and explain their functions.Explain what happens during digestion.Describe how nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstreamDescribe how wastes are eliminated from the body.

PhasesIngestion - ___________________________________________________________

Mechanical digestion - physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces.

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Chemical digestion - enzymes break down food into small molecules the body can use

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Absorption - In the ________________________ the food molecules are absorbed into the circulatory system (the arteries and veins that carry our blood)

These molecules are then transported to ______________________________________

The body cells take the ___________________________________________________

Elimination: The large intestine absorbs _______________. Any leftover material is packed as feces. Feces is then eliminated through the end of the large intestine, out through the anus.

Name: Date:Student: Physiology (How our organs work) -The Digestive system

Macromolecules broken into tinier molecule . Carbohydrates / starches -> _______________________

Chromosomes -> ___________________________

Proteins -> ___________________________

Fats & Lipids -> _____________________________________

http://

redkgapofem.blogspot.com/2011/05/circulatory-system-diagram-for-kids.html

Synthesis is the making of large molecules from small ones

http://johnbright.conwy.sch.uk/vle/mod/resource/view.php?id=299

Name: Date:Putting it all together

Please answer in complete sentences

1. What is the difference between digestion and synthesis?

2. What is the job of the esophagus?

3. What is the job of the liver?

4. Where in the digestive system are most nutrients absorbed into your bloodstream?

5. What is the job of the large intestine?

Name: Date:Student: Physiology (How our organs work) -The Digestive system

Actual Regents Exam Question: You must write a short essay, in full sentences, with proper spelling and grammar. This question (and others like it) can be worth five points.

Reading: Base your answer on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.A student has a sandwich for lunch. The bread contains starch molecules and various other molecules.

After chewing and swallowing some of the sandwich, the starch moves along the digestive system and is

digested. The sequence below represents what takes place next.

digested starch → bloodstream → cell → cell structure → ATP

Question: Explain what occurs, beginning with the digestion of starch and ending with ATP production. In your answer, be sure to:

• identify the molecules that are used to digest the starch [1]• identify the molecules produced when starch is digested [1]• explain why starch must be digested before its building block molecules can enter the bloodstream [1]• identify the structure in the cell that will produce ATP from the starch building blocks [1]• state why ATP is important to cells [1]

some information that you must memorize before taking the Regents Exam

cellular respiration - the process in which the chemical bonds of energy-rich molecules (like sugar)are converted into a form of energy that cells can use.

ATP - a molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells.

Every cell has organelles. Each organelles has a different job. Mitochondria take sugar molecules (which have a lot of energy) and turn them into many ATP molecules. ATP has less energy, but they can be used and re-used (like re-chargeable batteries.)

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Conclusion: At this point you should have written at least five sentences, by addressing the five bullet points! Rebecca is proud of you!