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Tissue Stresses Tension* Stretching Compression* Shearing* Bending COMPRESSION TENSIONTENSION SHEAR

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Mechanical Forces Friction/rubbing Scraping Compression/pressure Tearing Cutting Penetrating

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Wound Classification Friction Blister Abrasion Incision Laceration Skin Avulsion Puncture Wound Skin Bruise (Contusion)

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Types of Muscle Smooth blood vessels & organs Cardiac - heart Striated - skeletal

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Acute Injuries Contusions Strains Stretch (Grade 1), partial tear (Grade 2), complete rupture (Grade 3) Tendon Injuries Muscle Spasms Overexertional Muscle Problems Soreness (DOMS), stiffness, cramps Muscle Guarding When muscles around the injured area contract Trigger Points

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Chronic Injuries Myositis/fasciitis Inflammation of muscles/fascia (i.e. plantar fasciitis, IT-Band syndrome) Tendinitis Inflammation of tendons Tenosynovitis Inflammation of sheath surrounding tendons Atrophy Wasting away of muscle tissue

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Acute Injuries Sprains Grades 1, 2, 3 Synovitis Irritation to the synovial membrane Dislocations Subluxation partial dislocation (popped out and back in on its own) Luxation complete dislocation (popped out and stayed out)

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Chronic Arthritis Wearing down of cartilage Bursitis Inflammation caused by constant compression/rubbing Synovitis

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Types of Bone Flat Skull, ribs, scapula Irregular Spine, skull Short Wrist and ankle Long (most commonly injured) Humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, phalanges

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Acute Bone Fractures

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Stress Fractures Typical causes in sports: 1.Playing too soon after injury 2.Changing sport seasons w/o proper training for second sport 3.Starting initial training too quickly 4.Changing habits or the environment

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Causes Compression and tension Types Neuritis Chronic Symptoms range from minor nerve problems to paralysis Referred Pain Pain felt in a different area of the body than its actual origin Trigger points Kehrs sign