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Transcript of © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko...
![Page 1: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Sperko Engineering 2005
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Understanding “Position” in Welding
Walter J. Sperko, P. E.Sperko Engineering Services, Inc.
4803 Archwood Dr.Greensboro, NC 27406
336-674-0600FAX 336-674-0202
![Page 2: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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This presentation is copyrighted by Sperko Engineering
• General permission is granted for use of this presentation including printing thereof for educational purposes provided credit is given to Sperko Engineering.
• Use of the figures herein in any other publication without specific written permission is prohibited.
![Page 3: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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This presentation is copyrighted by Sperko Engineering
• The primary purpose of this presentation is twofold: – Make sure that code users understand the
difference between testing positions and production welding positions
– Help users understand how to read the figures that define production welding positions shown on the next page.
![Page 4: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Production Welding Positions
Groove Welds Fillet Welds
![Page 5: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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Standard Test Positions
Positions 1G, 3G, 6G, 2F, 5F, etc. are specially defined standard positions used for testing. They are properly referred to as Test Positions. Similar positions are found in ISO 6947 identified as PA, PC, PG, etc.
![Page 6: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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Standard Testing Positions
Test positions are discreetly defined positions of test coupons that are used when mostly when testing welders. These positions have tolerance of ±15° from the defined horizontal planes and ±5° from a defined vertical or inclined plane. See QW-120
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Testing Position 1G/PA
±15°
Weld Axis Horizontal
Plate Horizontal
±5°
![Page 8: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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Test Position 2G/PC
Plates Vertical
Weld Axis Horizontal
±15°
±5°
![Page 9: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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Test Position 3F/PF or PG
±5°
![Page 10: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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Test Position 6G/HL045 or JL045
45°±5°
![Page 11: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
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Test Positions are Discreetly Defined
• Because of tolerance limits on test positions, positions in between test positions are undefined!
• That is, a weld that is inclined 22° uphill and rotated 36° about its axis has no “G” or “F” position. Such a position, however, may be encountered during production welding.
• Production welding positions, therefore, need to be defined contiguously.
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Test Positions Qualify Welders for Specific Welding Positions
Test Positions Welding Positions
Translations from test positions to welding positions are made in the construction codes. QW-461.9 is typical.
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Test Positions Welding Positions
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Welding PositionsNote to table:
(1) Positions of welding as shown in QW-461.1 and QW-461.2
F = Flat
H = Horizontal
V = Vertical
O = Overhead
(2) Pipe 2-7/8 in outside diameter and over.
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Welding positions for groove welds are defined by the
following diagram.
NOTEWelding Position Diagrams are
contiguous.
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Welding Positions for Groove Welds
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Tabulation showing transition points between welding positions
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the following diagrams
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Let’s start with the Flat Position
![Page 19: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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Welding PositionsTabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 80 to
150°210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the following diagrams
![Page 20: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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Flat Positions Axis Inclination
15°
![Page 21: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
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Start at Nominal Flat Position
Face of weld is up
![Page 22: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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Flat Upward Inclined Limit
15°
Weld may incline upwardto a limit of 15°
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Flat Upward Inclined Limit
15°
But the welder could be traveling down the incline. . .
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Flat Downward Limit Is Implied
15°
![Page 25: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
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Welding PositionsTabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizonta B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the following diagrams
![Page 26: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
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Flat Position --Rotation About Axis180°
0°
30°30°
150°210°
![Page 27: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
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Flat Rolled Limit Clockwise210°180°
30°
![Page 28: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
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Flat Rolled Limit Clockwise
210°
180°
30°Equivalent to rotating
The plate 30°
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Flat Rolled Limit Counterclockwise
30°
150° 180°
![Page 30: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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Flat Rotated Limits Not Considering Inclination
60°
![Page 31: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
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Welding PositionsTabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizonta B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the following diagrams
![Page 32: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
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Flat Uphill Limit Rotated
15°
60°
![Page 33: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
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Flat Downhill Limit Rotated
15°
![Page 34: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
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Composite Flat Position Ranges
30°
60°
![Page 35: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
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Compare this range to 1G/PA. . .
![Page 36: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
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Testing Position 1G/PA
±15°
Weld Axis Horizontal
Plate Horizontal
±5°
![Page 37: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
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Flat ≠ 1G !!!!
![Page 38: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
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Welding PositionsTabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the following diagrams
![Page 39: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
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Horizontal Position Axis Inclined
15°
![Page 40: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
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Basic Horizontal Position
![Page 41: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
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Horizontal Position Uphill Inclined Limit
15°
![Page 42: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
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Horizontal Position Downhill Inclined Limit
15°
![Page 43: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
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Welding PositionsTabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 80 to 150°210 to 280°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to 80°210 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 80 to 280°E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
How this table and the diagram on the previous page work are shown in the following diagrams
![Page 44: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
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Horizontal Position Rotated
80°
150°
70° range
210°
280°
70° Range
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210°
Start at the Flat Rolled Limits
180°
30°
Let’s go to an end view. . . .
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Horizontal End View
30°
Horizontal starts where Flat ends. . . .
210°
![Page 47: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
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Horizontal Rotates to where the plate is perpendicular to the ground
30°
Horizontal rotates clockwise . .
![Page 48: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
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Horizontal Position Rotated Limit
30°
Horizontal ends here. . . .
10°
90°
280°
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70°
Non-inclined Horizontal Position Limits
Starts with plate Rotated 30°
![Page 50: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
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70°
Non-inclined Horizontal Position Limits
Finishes with plate Rotated 10° beyond
perpendicular
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Composite Horizontal Position Limits
15°
15°
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Compare Horizontal to 2G/PC
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Test Position 2G/PC
Plates Vertical
Weld Axis Horizontal
±15°
±5°
![Page 54: © Sperko Engineering 2005 M Understanding “Position” in Welding Walter J. Sperko, P. E. Sperko Engineering Services, Inc. 4803.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d365503460f94a0e634/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
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Horizontal ≠ 2G/PC !!!!
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80°
280°
Overhead Position
160° range
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Basic Overhead
Face of weld is overhead!!!
0°
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Basic Overhead End View
Face of weld is overhead 0°
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Overhead Partial Rotation End View
Face of weld is overhead
0°
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Overhead Maximum Rotation End View
0°
280°
Face of weld onThis side
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Overhead Maximum Opposite Rotation End View
0°
280°80°
Face of weld onThis side
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Same Rotation in Isometric View
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Basic Overhead
Face of weld is overhead
0°
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Face of weld is overhead
Overhead Partial Rotation Isometric View
0°
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Overhead Maximum Rotation Isometric View
0°
280°
Face of weldOn this side
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Overhead Maximum Opposite Rotation Isometric View
0°
280°80°
Face of weld is on this side
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Overhead PositionAxis Inclination
80°
280°160° range
80° range
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Basic Overhead for Inclined Axis
Face of weld is overhead
0°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Rotation
0°0°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
80°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
80°
Weld can rotate 360° about vertical axis while inclined 10°
forward tilt.
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
Weld can rotate aboutThe vertical axis
10°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
Weld can rotate aboutThe vertical axis
10°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
Weld can rotate aboutThe vertical axis
10°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
Weld can rotate aboutThe vertical axis
10°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
Weld can rotate aboutThe vertical axis
10°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
Weld can rotate aboutThe vertical axis
10°
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Overhead Inclined Axis Limit
0°
Weld ends up back Where it started!
10°
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Composite Overhead Position Limits
280°
80°
0°0°
80°
360° 10°
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Overhead ≠ 4G/PE !!!!
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Vertical Position Part 1
65° Range of Inclination From 15 to 80°.
Face of weld is up
15°
80°
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Vertical Position Part 1Range of inclination
Starts at 15°Face of weld is up
15°
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Vertical Position Part 1Range of inclination continues upward. . .
Greater than 15°
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Vertical Position Part 1
Until reaching 80°
80°
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Vertical Position Part 2When the “E” portion
of the diagram is reached
80°
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Vertical Position Part 2The “E” portion of the diagram --
360° RotationAbout vertical axis
80°
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Vertical Position Part 2The “E” portion of the diagram begins here. .
80°
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Vertical Position Part 2
Partial rotation aboutVertical axis
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Vertical Position Part 2
More rotation aboutVertical axis
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Vertical Position Part 2
Even more rotation aboutVertical axis
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Vertical Position Part 2
Rotated 180° aboutVertical axis
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Vertical Position Part 2
Continuing Rotation aboutVertical axis
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Vertical Position Part 2
Continuing Rotation aboutVertical axis
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Vertical Position Part 2
Continuing Rotation aboutVertical axis
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Vertical Position Part 2
360° of Rotation aboutVertical axis completed
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Vertical Position Part 3
80°
280°
200° Range of Rotation
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Vertical Position Part 3
Start here with inclinationUphill or Downhill 15°Face of weld upward
15°
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Vertical Position Part 3
Rotate face while holding Inclination constant
15°
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Vertical Position Part 3
Continue rotating with Inclination constant
15°
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Vertical Position Part 3
Rotated to vertical limit Inclination constant
15°280°
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Vertical Position Part 3
Return to starting positionUphill or Downhill 15°Face of weld upward
15°
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Vertical Position Part 3
Rotate face of weld Opposite direction
Inclination Constant 15°
15°
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Vertical Position Part 3
Continue rotatingOpposite direction
Inclination Constant 15°
15°
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Vertical Position Part 3
Plate near verticalInclination Constant 15°
15°
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Vertical Position Part 3
Plate at vertical limitof rotation.
Inclination Constant 15°
15°
80°
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Vertical Position Part 3
80°
280°
200° Range of Rotation inclined
Uphill or Downhill 15°
15°
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Vertical Position Part 3
80°
280°
200° Range of Rotation Inclination angle
Increases
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Vertical Position Part 3
280°
200° Range of Rotation Inclination angle
Increases more. . .
80°
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Vertical PositionComposite
80°
280°160° range
65°
200°
360°
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Welding Positions for Fillet Welds
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Flat Fillet Weld
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Horizontal Fillet Weld
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Welding Positions for Fillet Welds
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Welding Positions for Fillet WeldsTabulation of Positions of Fillet Welds
Position Diagram Reference Inclination of Axis Rotation of Face
Flat A 0 to 15° 150 to 210°
Horizontal B 0 to 15° 125 t0 150°
210 to 235°
Overhead C 0 to 80° 0 to125°235 to 360°
Vertical D 15 to 80° 125 to 235°E 80 to 90° 0 to 360°
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Welding Positions for Fillet WeldsThe Horizontal Range
Is smaller for fillet weldsThan it is for groove welds
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Welding Positions for Groove Welds
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© Sperko Engineering 2005
WWW.SPERKOENGINEERING.COM
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