Post on 29-Dec-2015
Welcome to IST140
Martin J. Crabtree – InstructorFall 2007
Agenda
• Greetings, syllabus, etc.• What are you expecting from this course?• What is the Internet? • Internet definitions• A bit on how the internet works
– Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)– Internet Protocol (IP)– Domains
• History of the internet
IST140 – Important things you’ll nee
• Text - Internet Literacy, 4th edition, by Fred Hofstetter
• DO NOT Install FrontPage (on CD that comes with the textbook) until you’re told to do so!!!
• You will need something to store/carry your work (floppy, CD, USB drive)
What are you expecting from this course?
So let’s get started…
What is the internet?
The Internet is…
• A World wide connection of >285 million computers
• Uses common Internet protocol (IP)• Developed by U.S. Department of
Defense in 1969 to protect network data
• Web pages increased from ~300 million in 1998 to ~300 billion in 2003
The Internet
• The Internet is the fastest growing technology in history:– Radio too 38 years to gain 50 million
listeners.– Television too 13 years to reach the 50
million mark.– The Internet took 4 years to reach 50 million
• In 2005 there were 1.08 billion people using the Internet (total world population in 2005 was 6.45 billion people)
The Internet is much more than just the web
Internet ≠ The World Wide Web
Internet ≠ The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web is information accessible via the Internet.
• The World Wide Web contains documents and multimedia that are connected by hyperlinks.
• The Internet is global collection of networked computers using internet protocols
Let’s take a closer look at the internet…
Go to:www.mccc.edu/~crabtrem/ist140/
ex1.htm
Some Internet Definitions
We will talk about these in depth during this course
The Internet includes a number of services
• E-mail• Listserv• Newsgroups• Chat rooms• Videoconferencing• File transfer• Multimedia
streaming• Rich site summary • Blogging• World Wide Web
Electronic Mail - email
• Most common Internet service• Mail queues hold both personal
and business items• Unsolicited mail are increasing
problem
List Severs - Listserv
• Uses e-mail protocol• Users must subscribe to list• All users receive same email
message• There are 1,000s of listservs
Newsgroups
• Newsgroup subscribers use newsreaders to access a group’s news feed
• Usenet is an electronic bulletin board
• Newsgroups contain information on most any topic
Chat
• Popular real-time communication• Each chat room has a different
conversation• You can join or create your own
chat room
Instant Messaging (IM)
• Instant messaging allows you to contact friends or associates
• An IM will appear on your screen when a contact is made
• “IM” is both verb and noun
Videoconferencing
• Uses video camera and microphone
• Less popular than text-only chat• Higher bandwidths will support
future growth
FTP
• File Transfer Protocol• Standard method for transferring
files over the Internet from one computer to another
• “FTP” is both verb and noun
FTPThe author clicks the right arrow to FTP a file from his computer to McGraw-Hill.
Multimedia Streaming
• Digital transmission of multimedia• Uses memory buffer to distribute
(“stream”) data• Radio and television stations
broadcast live shows
World Wide Web
• WWW is a networked hypertext system
• Hypertext uses underlined links to launch link objects
• Invented in 1989 by Tim Berners Lee at CERN lab in Geneva, Switzerland
World Wide Web
• In 1993, NCSA released Mosaic graphical user interface
• In 1994, Netscape released the popular Navigator browser
• In 2003, Netscape promoted free, “open source” products Mozilla, Firefox, and Nvu
Rich Site Summary (RSS)
• RSS uses eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for handling Web site content
• Popular Web format for distributing news headlines, project updates, and event listings
Blogging
• Term blog is short for web log• Written by different individuals to
chronicle their selected topics for Internet dialog
• Public directories and tools are available to create these “online diaries”
How does the Internet work?
What is TCP/IP?
• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol– TCP is a protocol than handles packet
routing over the Internet
• IP stands for Internet Protocol– IP administers the sending and receiving of
computer addresses
IP Addresses• Unique for each Internet computer• Current IP addresses use dotted quad
notation– Four 8-bit numbers separated by periods
• Range 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
• Future IP addresses will use IPv6– Four 16-bit numbers
• Range 0 to 65,535
Domains and Subdomains
• Domain name system (DNS) allows alphabetic addresses instead of numbers– For example, to access the Library of
Congress, use 140.147.249.7 or www.loc.gov
• Common top level domains are:– .edu .gov .com .biz .net– .int .mil .aero .org .pro
A Brief History of the Internet
Brief History of the Internet
• The Internet originated in 1969 when DOD initiated ARPANET for network security
• During 1970s, universities joined ARPANET for research opportunities
• In 1983, the military switched to MILNET
Internet History (cont.)
• In 1986, the National Science Foundation began NSFNET to connect supercomputers
• In 1991, commercial entities were allowed, speeding expansion greatly
• Currently, U.S. backbone traffic is routed through network providers
Next time
• Chapter 2 – The Internet's effect on the world
• Open book quiz – Chapter 1