Post on 29-Jan-2016
Elements and Principles of Art and Design
Elements: ValueTo show
Line, Shape, Form, Space
Value“The degree of lightness
or darkness in a particular shade of gray
or color”Used to show contrast and light/shadow
Value
Lines do not exist in the natural world:
Lines are how our brain translates movement and changes between values
Value to Show Space:
Negative SpaceNegative space is the space around and in between the subject
More complete understanding of the proportions and positive space of the object
M.C. Escher
Sky and Water I
Woodcut
1938
M.C. Escher: Tessellations
ValuesHigh Values: Light
Low Values: Dark
Pencils: H & BH = Hard (Light)
B = Black (Bold, dark, Soft)
Pencils: H & B8H = Lightest4H = LighterH = LightHB = NeutralB = Dark4B = Darker8B = Darkest
B = Bold (Dark, Soft)
CharcoalVine & Willow Charcoal
LighterEasily manipulated & erased
Compressed CharcoalDarker: Used for darkest darksDifficult to manipulate & erase
More permanent
B = Bold (Dark, Soft)
BlendersUsed instead of your hands to blend charcoal for smoother value transitions
Value and LightLight Source: Direction where light is coming from
Highlights: The brightest areas where the light hits the object directly (High values)
Midtones: The areas that receive an amount of light between the highlights and shadows (Middle values)
Value and Light: Areas of Value
Shadows: Areas on object that receive the least amount of light (Low values), on the opposite side of the light source
Cast Shadow: Dark area on surface where light is blocked by object (Low values)
Reflected Light: Where light reflects from surface onto object
Drawing Value-Identify and focus on areas of value (squint your eyes to find them)
-Focus on the values of different planes (flat surfaces)
-Avoid contour lines
-Use at least 7 different values (more are better)
-Achieved with different techniques (including cross-hatching, blending, etc.)
Hatching and Cross-Hatching: Using line to create form and value. (This is also part of the elements of shape, form, value, and texture)
Value & ContrastValues are one way give an image
more variety and contrast
Variety & Contrast makes an image more dynamic, interesting, and distinguishable
Lack of variety and contrast is boring, dull, monotonous
Robert LongoAmerican Painter & Sculptor: Born 1953
www.robertlongo.com
“Intimate Immensity”
2008
Robert LongoSeries: “Men in the Cities,” 1979, Charcoal & Graphite
“Untitled” 1980
Robert LongoSeries: “Men in the Cities,” 1979
“Men Trapped in Ice” 1980
Robert LongoSeries: “Men in the Cities,” 1979, Charcoal & Graphite
“Untitled”1981 - 1987
Robert Longo Series: “Men in the Cities,” 1979
““Untitled (Frank and Glenn Fighting)” 1981
Baroque ArtBeginning 1600 in Rome, Italy
High Value Contrast
Exaggerated motion, clear & easily interpreted detail
Drama, tension, & magnificence: idealization & splendor
“The Entombment of Christ” Caravaggio, 1602-1603
Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Vermeer Dutch Painter
& Etcher1606 – 1669
Portraits & Bible
Illustrations
Italian Painter1571 – 1610
Realistic physical & emotional
human portrayal, graphic Bible Illustrations
Dutch Painter1632 – 1675
Domestic interior scenes:
Middle class life
“The Calling of Saint Matthew” Caravaggio, 1599-1600, Oil
Dutch Golden Age-1600s, during & after Eighty Years War (1568-1648) for Dutch Independence
-New Dutch Republic was prolific and prosperous in European trade, science, and art
-Baroque style, but less idealized & magnificent: more realism
“The Milkmaid” Vermeer, 1658-1660Oil
“The Nightwatch” Rembrandt, 1642, Oil
“The Girl with the Pearl Earring”
Vermeer, 1665, Oil
Value
Study Guide
Please review the following terms, techniques, concepts, and artists:
Negative SpaceValue:- High and Low- vs. Line- Contrast- How to Draw Value- Areas of ValueDrawing Pencils: H & BCharcoal: Vine, Willow, CompressedBaroque ArtDutch Golden AgeArtists: - Traditional: Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Leonardo da
Vinci- Contemporary: M.C. Escher, Robert Longo, Dorothea Lange
Value to show Form and Space
Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci1503-1505Oil on panel
Italian Renaissance
Baroque ArtBeginning 1600 in Rome, Italy(After the Italian Renaissance)
High Value Contrast
Exaggerated motion, clear & easily interpreted detail
Drama, tension, & magnificence: idealization & splendor
“The Entombment of Christ” Caravaggio, 1602-1603
Dutch Golden Age(About the same time as Baroque Art)
-1600s, during & after Eighty Years War (1568-1648) for Dutch Independence
-New Dutch Republic was prolific and prosperous in European trade, science, and art
-Baroque style, but less idealized & magnificent: more realism
“The Milkmaid” Vermeer, 1658-1660Oil
Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Vermeer Dutch Painter
& Etcher1606 – 1669
Portraits & Bible
Illustrations, Softer light
Italian Painter1571 – 1610
Realistic physical & emotional
human portrayal, graphic Bible Illustrations
Dutch Painter1632 – 1675
Domestic interior scenes:
Middle class life, realism
The Calling of Saint Matthew Caravaggio, 1599-1600, Oil
The Inspiration of Saint Matthew Caravaggio, 1601, Oil
The Entombment of Christ Caravaggio, 1602-1603
The Nightwatch, Rembrandt, 1642, Oil
Self-portrait, Rembrandt, 1629, OilSelf-portrait, Rembrandt, 1630, Oil
The Girl with the Pearl EarringVermeer, 1665, Oil
The Milkmaid Vermeer, 1658-1660
Oil
Sky and Water I
M.C. Escher1938
Woodcut
Robert LongoAmerican Painter & Sculptor: Born 1953www.robertlongo.com
Intimate Immensity
2008
Charcoal & Graphite
Robert LongoSeries: “Men in the Cities,” 1979, Charcoal & Graphite
Untitled 1980
Robert LongoSeries: “Men in the Cities,” 1979
Men Trapped in Ice, 1980
Robert LongoSeries: “Men in the Cities,” 1979, Charcoal & Graphite
Untitled1981 - 1987
Robert Longo Series: “Men in the Cities,” 1979
“Untitled (Frank and Glenn Fighting), 1981
Migrant MotherDorothea Lange1936Film Photograph