Post on 04-Jan-2016
Traffic Flow
Nora Shora
Laura Tatsch
Traffic Flow
Exploring dynamic vs. static toll pricing
in a traffic
network simulation model
Presentation Overview
• Background
• Problem
• How we did it
• Results
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
Background
• Traffic congestion in major cities worldwide
• Capacity-limited transportation network
• All of the following increase due to traffic:Travel timeNumber of stopsTravel costsDelaysAir pollutionAccidentsNoise level
Problem
• Initially
Examine how dynamic toll pricing will affect the flow of traffic of a Knoxville, TN simulation model.
Examine how multiple organizations controlling the toll booths in a city would affect traffic flow.
• Realistically
Examine the effects of dynamic vs. static toll pricing in the network simulation model of Knoxville, TN
How We Did It
• Acquired simulation code and downloaded JBuilder
• New Direction of Problem• Modified Code• Found freeway arcs and demographic
zones• Added code to apply tolls on some
freeway arcs• Added time and cost weights to each of
the 9 zones
How We Did It
• Acquired simulation code and downloaded JBuilder
• New Direction of Problem• Modified Code• Found freeway arcs and demographic
zones• Added code to apply tolls on some
freeway arcs• Added time and cost weights to each of
the 9 zones
Blah blah
How We Did It
• Acquired simulation code and downloaded JBuilder
• New Direction of Problem• Modified Code• Found freeway arcs and demographic
zones• Added code to apply tolls on some
freeway arcs• Added time and cost weights to each of
the 9 zones
How We Did It
//BEGINNING OF PRICING OF ARCS //TOP Freeway // pricing scheme for link 396 - 428 if(this.getUpstreamIntersection().getIntersectionName().equalsIgnoreCase("n396")
&& this.getDownstreamIntersection().getIntersectionName().equalsIgnoreCase("n428")){
if( Master.timeNow <= 60){ travelCostCar = travelCostCar + (new Float(150)).floatValue()/100 ; } else if(Master.timeNow > 60 && Master.timeNow > 90){ travelCostCar = travelCostCar + (new Float(150)).floatValue()/100 ; } else if(Master.timeNow > 90 && Master.timeNow > 120){ travelCostCar = travelCostCar + (new Float(150)).floatValue()/100 ; } else if(Master.timeNow > 120 && Master.timeNow > 180){ travelCostCar = travelCostCar + (new Float(150)).floatValue()/100 ; } else if(Master.timeNow > 180 && Master.timeNow > 210){ travelCostCar = travelCostCar + (new Float(150)).floatValue()/100 ; }
How We Did It
• Acquired simulation code and downloaded JBuilder
• New Direction of Problem• Modified Code• Found freeway arcs and demographic
zones• Added code to apply tolls on some
freeway arcs• Added time and cost weights to each of
the 9 zones
How We Did It
Zone Data===========ZoneKeyID: 1Centroid: 93CarOwnershipPercent: 100BikeOwnershipPercent: 50ActivityPercents: 100 0 0travelTimeWeight: 90travelCostWeight: 10travelDistanceWeight: 1waitingTimeWeight: 1walkingDistanceWeight: 1comfortWeight: 1safetyWeight: 1transferWeight: 1
How We Did It
• Ran simulation with various static tolls• Added demand between zone 3 and
zone 1 and ran simulation with static and dynamic tolls
• Changed demand to be from zones 8 to 1 and 1 to 8
• Ran simulation again with static and dynamic toll prices with new demand
• Analyzed the results
How We Did It
• Demand Data• ===========• StartInterval: 0 EndInterval: 300 Multiplier: 8• From/To 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9• 1 24 15 13 13 13 12 14 200 13• 2 42 15 13 14 13 13 12 12 13• 3 29 15 14 14 12 14 12 12 12• 4 23 14 16 12 13 12 13 13 13• 5 23 13 15 13 13 14 15 12 14• 6 29 13 15 13 12 13 14 13 14• 7 23 14 14 13 14 13 12 14 14• 8 200 15 14 13 13 13 13 13 12• 9 21 13 13 14 13 13 13 12 11
How We Did It
• Ran simulation with various static tolls• Added demand between zone 3 and
zone 1 and ran simulation with static and dynamic tolls
• Changed demand to be from zones 8 to 1 and 1 to 8
• Ran simulation again with static and dynamic toll prices with new demand
• Analyzed the results
Results
Static Pricing with Demand from Zone 3 to Zone 1 - Times
40
60
80
Toll Price (in Hundredths of a Dollar)
Ave
rag
e T
ime
(in
M
inu
tes)
Avg. Travel Time 73.66 73.42 74.46 74.1 74.05 75.86 73.7
Avg. Stop Time 43.88 43.11 44.64 43.12 44.35 45.45 43.26
0.1 1 50 60 80 110 150
Static Pricing with Demand from Zone 3 to Zone 1 - Distances
14.24
14.26
14.28
14.3
14.32
14.34
Toll Price (in Hundredths of a Dollar)
Ave
rag
e D
ista
nce
(in
M
iles
)
Avg. Distance 14.299 14.286 14.302 14.273 14.333 14.276 14.297
0.1 1 50 60 80 110 150
Dynamic Pricing with Demand from Zone 3 to Zone 1 - Times
40
60
80
Toll Price (in Hundredths of a Dollar)
Ave
rag
e T
ime
(in
M
inu
tes)
Avg. Travel Time 73.37861 73.17501 72.99491 73.88271 74.87621
Avg. Stop Time 42.97316 41.95131 42.79571 43.6482 44.18357
50 60 80 110 150
Dynamic Pricing with Demand from Zone 3 to Zone 1 - Distances
14.2414.26
14.2814.3
14.32
14.3414.36
Toll Price (in Hundredths of a Dollar)
Ave
rag
e D
ista
nce
(in
M
iles
)
Avg. Distance 14.33687 14.27729 14.30664 14.32155 14.33778
50 60 80 110 150
Results
Static v. Dynamic Toll Pricing with Demand from Zone 3 to Zone 1 - Avg. Travel Time
70
75
80
Toll Price (Static) or Starting Toll Price (Dynamic) in Hundredths of a Dollar
Avg
erag
e T
ime
(in
M
inu
tes)
Static 74.45962 74.09804 74.048225 75.85853 73.70354
Dynamic 73.37861 73.17501 72.99491 73.882706 74.876205
50 60 80 110 150
Static v. Dynamic Toll Pricing with Demand from Zone 3 to Zone 1 - Avg. Stop Time
40
45
50
Toll Price (Static) or Starting Toll Price (Dynamic) in Hundredths of a Dollar
Ave
rag
e T
ime
(in
M
inu
tes)
Static 44.643955 43.118484 44.3483 45.45195 43.26306
Dynamic 42.973156 41.951313 42.79571 43.648197 44.183567
50 60 80 110 150
Static v. Dynamic Toll Pricing with Demand from Zone 3 to Zone 1 - Avg. Distance
14.2
14.3
14.4
Toll Price (Static) or Starting Toll Price (Dynamic) in Hundredths of a Dollar
Ave
rag
e D
ista
nce
(in
M
iles
)
Static 14.301645 14.272886 14.332648 14.276271 14.29702
Dynamic 14.336871 14.277291 14.30664 14.321548 14.337778
50 60 80 110 150
Results
Static v. Dynamic with Demand from Zone 8 to Zone 1 and Zone 1 to Zone 8 - Avg. Travel Time
55
57
59
Toll Price (Static) or Beginning Toll Price (Dynamic) in Hundredths of a Dollar
Ave
rag
e T
ime
(in
M
inu
tes)
Static 57.790466 55.90356 56.88374 57.196926 56.685547
Dynamic 57.343204 56.042953 56.369823 57.17043 57.499012
50 60 80 110 150
Static v. Dynamic Toll Pricing with Demand from Zone 8 to Zone 1 and Zone 1 to Zone 8 - Avg. Stop Time
25
26
27
28
Toll Price (Static) or Beginning Toll Price (Dynamic) in Hundredths of a Dollar
Ave
rag
e T
ime
(in
M
inu
tes)
Static 27.445251 26.664 27.504284 27.358969 26.977139
Dynamic 27.817442 26.307384 26.665627 27.304375 27.795376
50 60 80 110 150
Static v. Dynamic Toll Pricing with Demand from Zone 8 to Zone 1 - Avg. Distance
15.6
15.8
Toll Price (Static) or Beginning Toll Price (Dynamic) in Hundredths of a Dollar
Ave
rag
e D
ista
nce
(in
M
iles
)
Static 15.654643 15.634582 15.640053 15.682791 15.689431
Dynamic 15.634582 15.654067 15.686482 15.666563 15.733408
50 60 80 110 150
Conclusion
• Increase in toll prices did not change average travel and stop times
• Dynamic vs. static pricingDynamic helped reduce average travel and stop
times when compared to static pricingDynamic pricing has this effect up to a specific initial
toll price
Recommendations
• More simulation runs should be completed for more complete results
• Larger and smaller increases in tolls Increase by 20 per time segment Increase by 50 per time segment
• Different time segments
• Look at different organizational objectives