The Reformations of the Catholic

Church

Protestant Chart

Catholic Reformation

English Reformation

Protestant Reformation

ENGLISH REFORMATIO

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England Before the English Reformation

• King Henry VIII was Catholic so everyone was Catholic!!

• NO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM!!

• He was granted the title “defender of the faith” from the pope for speaking out against Luther

Why did the English Reformation Start????

• Catholics cannot get divorces!

• King Henry wanted a divorce- Catherine of Aragon could not give him a son!

• Only the Pope can make this happen

Pope vs. King

• The pope could annul his marriage if it could be proved that it was never legal

• Henry decides to get rid of the pope’s power in

England and divorce Catherine

The Act of Supremacy!!

• Henry takes power over church and makes a divorce to his marriage.

• Made people in England accept Henry’s divorce

• English recognize Henry as the official head of the Church of England

Consequences…

• Henry had many wives, finally a male heir…

• Edward VI (Henry’s son) became king when he was 9

• His advisors were Protestant so England was Protestant

• He died after 6 years of rule

Next in line… Mary

• Daughter of Henry’s 1st wife Catherine of Aragon

• She was devoutly Catholic!

• England was now Catholic and the pope had authority once again

• She killed many Protestants

• She was given the name Bloody Mary

Next…Elizabeth I• Daughter of Henry’s second

wife, Anne Boleyn

• She returns the Church of England to a Protestant Church

• She brought peace by integrating some Catholic items into the Protestant Church

Final Result

• England’s Catholic church has Protestant ideals.

• They keep many of the Catholic beliefs, rituals, and ceremonies.

• Unlike true Catholics power is taken from the pope and given to the monarch.

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CATHOLIC REFORMATIO

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Pope Paul III

• Started Catholic Reformation

• Wanted to reform the Catholic Church to show Catholics religion was still good.

• Thus hoping to stop spread of Protestant Religions

Catholic Reformation

1. Council of Trent

2. Strengthened Inquisition

3. Recognized Society of Jesus

4. Reformed Convents & Monasteries

Council of Trent

Group that would meet to discuses for they can improve the church.

• Salvation = Faith & Good Deeds!

• Bible =source of Info BUT not only source!

Council of Trent

3. End corruption in clergy with strict penalties for mis-behavior.

3. New schools for clergy

Inquisition• Church Court that tried to stop

other beliefs.

• Used Torture and Execution

• Index of Forbidden Books = list of immoral books

Society of Jesus

• AKA Jesuits a new religious sect of Catholicism

• Founded by Ignatius of Loyola

• Defend & spread Catholic faith through new schools

• Became advisors in other lands.

Reform Convents & Monasteries

• New passion for religion allowed for increase reform in convents

• St. Theresa of Avila nun’s life should be strict

• Live in isolation, eat & sleep little

• Dedicate life to prayer & meditation

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PROTESTANTREFORMATIO

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Protestant ReformationWhat is it? Reform Roman Catholic

Church

Why? Problems with the Church:

1. Administrative Divisions

A. Competing popes

2. Questionable Religious Rituals and Practices

A. Pilgrimages, saint worship

3. Corruption and Abuses of Power in Church

A. Indulgences, Immoral behavior

John Wycliffe

• 1320-1384

• English

• “Morning Star of the Reformation”

Wycliffe• Translated Bible into English

• Taught “the freedom of religious conscience of the individual believer, who stood in faith directly before God.”

• Attacked wealth of the Church

Martin Luther

the man who began the Protestant Reformation

• He promised St. Anne

if he lived he would

become a

monk

* He disagreed

with indulgences

and took action

Indulgences!!Indulgences!!

*Tetzel was given permission by

the pope to sell indulgences (money given for assurance of their ascent to heaven)

• Tetzel used this money to help build the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome

• Luther’s Main arguments:

1)Indulgences have no basis in the Bible

2)The Pope has no authority to release souls from purgatory

3)Christians can be saved through faith alone

95 Theses• Luther posts list of arguments

against indulgences on door of Wittenberg Church

Luther vs. the Church• Church tries to persuade Luther to

recant • Gets even more radical• Urges people to go against Rome

(Leo X)• Claims church must be reformed by

secular authorities if not from within

• Luther is excommunicated by pope

• Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V) orders Luther to give up his writings at Diet of Worms

• Charles V declares Luther an outlaw

What Luther Taught

• Salvation achieved through faith alone

• Bible sole source of religious truth

• Priests and Church hierarchy do NOT have special powers

•“priesthood of believers”

Also…..• Rejects 5 of 7 sacraments

• Bans indulgences

• Bans confession

• Bans pilgrimages

• Bans prayers to saints

• Allows clergy to marry

• No mass just sermon

John Calvin

Reformer, Priest, and Lawyer

“Institutes of the Christian Religion”

• Told his religious beliefs

• Read by Protestants everywhere

• Advice on how to organize and run a Protestant church

Similar Ideas to Luther’s

• Salvation through faith alone

• Bible is the only source of religious truth

Calvin’s New Ideas!!• God is all powerful and

humans are by nature sinful

• God alone determined who would receive salvation (predestination)

• World is divided into 2 kinds of people: saints and sinners

Calvin and Geneva• People in Geneva, Switzerland

ask Calvin to lead their community

• Sets up theocracy

• Only the “elect” go to

heaven

• Build a strongly regulated society

The Rules…..• Hard work

• Discipline

• Thrift

• Honesty

• morality

No:

Fighting

Swearing

Laughing in Church

Dancing

Theaters

Elaborate Dress

What about women?

• Education for boys and girls (like Luther)

• Women should read the Bible (in private)

• Women can sing in church

It Spreads…..• People visit Geneva and take

Calvinism to other places

To Germany, France, the Netherlands, England, & Scotland

Wars!!

• Challenge to Catholic Church set off wars:

• French Huguenots (Calvinists) vs. Catholics (The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre)

• Edict of Nantes protected Huguenot’s beliefs (briefly)

The Netherlands

- Organized Dutch Reformed Church

- Field Preachers

Scotland

• John Knox led religious rebellion

• Scottish Protestants overthrew their Catholic queen

• set up Scottish Presbyterian Church

Key Concepts:• Predestination (God chose who

would be saved, knows everything)

• World made up of 2 kinds of people: saints and sinners

• The “elect” are saved

• Original Sin (natural sinful)

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Sources of

Doctrine

Beliefs in Salvation

Church Hierarchy

Religious Practices

Roman Catholic

Bible, Pope, Priests

Indulgences

Give Money to Church

Pope, Priest have access

to God

Elaborate Rituals

Calvinist

Bible

Only through Faith

God through Faith

Faith & Mortality

Lutheran

Bible

Only through Faith

God through Faith

Strict Faith