Post on 27-Dec-2015
The international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR: Challenges and
Opportunities
Claudia Höhne
GSI Darmstadt
10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2009)
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Austria IndiaChina Finnland France Germany Greece UKItaly Poland Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Romania Russia
Observers
Hungary
Saudi-Arabia
USA
EU
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FAIR accelerator facility
storage and cooler rings
• beams of rare isotopes• e – A Collider (proposal: antiproton - A)
• 1011 stored and cooled antiprotons
0.8 - 14.5 GeV
primary beams
• 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+
• factor 100-1000 increased intensity• 2x1013/s 90 GeV protons• 109/s 238U92+ 35 GeV/u (Ni 45 GeV/u)
secondary beams
• radioactive beams 0 – 1.5 (2) GeV/u• rare isotopes 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; factor 10 000 increased intensity • antiprotons (0) 3 - 15 GeV
accelerator technical challenges
• rapidly cycling superconducting magnets• high energy electron cooling• beam losses
high intensity frontier!multi-user facility!
GSIFAIR
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Overview on FAIR research topics
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FAIR research highlights
GSI FAIR
Rare isotope beams: nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics nuclear structure far off stability nucleosynthesis in stars and supernovae
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NUSTAR – physics case
nuclear structure
• underlying QCD structure → complex nucleon-nucleon force
• study of exotic short lived nuclei far off stability(proton/ neutron skins or halos, new magic numbers...)
→ pave way for theoretical framework with predictive power for nuclei beyond experimental reach
astrophysics
• origin of the heavy elements?
• physics of stellar explosions (core-collapse, thermonuclear supernovae, nucleosynthesis)
• compact objects and the explosions on their surfaces (x-ray bursts)
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NUSTAR
• Production of intensive rare isotope beams by in-flight projectile fragmentation/fission (access to short-lived isotopes)• Detailed investigations, large variety of experimental techniques
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FRS – SuperFRS: intensity gain!
Present FRS
Super-FRS
FAIR: 2/s
FAIR: 65/h
FAIR: 8/s
FAIR:109/s
FAIR:108/s
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(N)ESR: relativistic exotic ions in storage ring
Masses of more than 1100 nuclides measuredResults: ~ 350 new mass values ~ 300 improved mass values
Mass accuracy5 ∙10- 8 to 5 ∙10-7
Single-ion sensitivity keV precision
Stable nuclideMass not (yet) measured in ESRMass measured in ESRr-, rp-nuclei, which canbe measured in NESR
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FAIR research highlights
GSI FAIR
Short-pulse heavy ion beams: plasma physics matter at high pressure, densities, and temperature fundamentals of nuclear fusion
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FAIR research highlights
GSI FAIR
Atomic physics, FLAIR, and applied research highly charged atoms low energy antiprotons radiobiology
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FAIR research highlights
GSI FAIR
Beams of antiprotons: hadron physics quark-confinement potential search for gluonic matter and hybrids nuclon structure, double hypernuclei
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PANDA – physics case
• non-perturbative regime of QCD
• quark confinement potential
• hadron masses » quark masses
• self interaction among gluons
→ research program
• hadron physics: charmonium spectroscopy gluonic excitations: glueballs, hybrids
• nuclear physics: open and hidden charm in nuclear matter, hypernuclei
• electromagnetic processes: transverse structure funtions etc.
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PANDA
AntiProton-Proton-ANnihilation in DArmstadt
High luminosity mode
– Luminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1
– δp/p ~ 10-4 (stochastic cooling)High resolution mode
– δp/p ~ few 10-5 (+electron cooling)
– Luminosity > 1031 cm-2s-1
Gas-Jet/Pellet/Wire Target
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Micro Vertex Detector Electronics
Straw Tube Tracker DIRC
EMC PWO crystals LAAPD FEE
Micro-Vertex Detector
PANDA hardware developments
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Resolution!
3500 3520 MeV3510
Cry
stal B
all
ev./
2 M
eV100
ECM
e+e- interactions:– Only 1-- states are formed– Other states only by
secondary decays (moderate mass resolution)
pp reactions:– All states directly formed
(very good mass resolution)
CBallE835
1000
E 8
35
ev./
pb
χc1
1,2
J /e e
J /e e
+ -
+ -
®®
®®
ψγχ
γγ ψγγ
1,2ppJ /
e e+ -
®®
®
χγ ψ
γ
Crystal Ball, SLAC E835, Fermilab
in addition: beam quality, high resolution detector, redundancy
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FAIR research highlights
GSI FAIR
Nucleus-nucleus collisions: compressed baryonic matter
baryonic matter at highest densities (neutron stars) phase transitions and critical endpoint in-medium properties of hadrons
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Physics case of CBM
Compressed Baryonic Matter @ FAIR – high B, moderate T:
searching for the landmarks of the QCD phase diagram• first order deconfinement phase transition • chiral phase transition (high baryon densities!)• QCD critical endpoint
in A+A collisions from 2-45 AGeV starting in 2015 (CBM + HADES)
• physics program complementary to RHIC, LHC
• rare probes! (charm, dileptons)
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The CBM experiment
– Exploration of the QCD phase diagram at highest baryon densities
– Experimental focus on rare diagnostic probes
– High-rate detectors with free-streaming readout and online event selection
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self-triggeringread-out chip128 ch, 32 MHz
high-density front end boards
TRD
high-rate large-area
RPC
radiation-harddouble-sided silicon microstrip detectors
NVIDIA GTX 280
240 core GPU
fast on-line event selection using many-core architectures (CELL, LRB, GPUs)
Readout ASICs for RPC Time-of-flight system: 25 ps time resolution
Monolithic
Active Pixel Sensors
GEM
high-rate large-area
high-rate large-areasemiconductive glass
Data Acquisition System
throughput 500 MB/s/node
RICHglass mirror
CBM hardware developments
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CBM experimental challenges
LarrabeeNVIDIA GTX 280
240 core GPU
Measurements with rates up to 107 Au+Au reactions/sec require:
– extremely fast and radiation hard detectors
– free-streaming readout electronics
– high-speed online event selection
– CPU&GPU – PetaFlops / M€
– FAIR Tier-Zero @ GSI
Central Au+Au collision at 25 AGeV Up to 1000 charged particles in central Au+Au
UrQMD + GEANT4
Fast track reconstruction algorithms running on graphic processing units:
speed 46 ns / track track reconstruction efficiency > 96% momentum resolution Δp/p < 1.5% speed
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FAIR research highlights
GSI FAIR
Accelerator physics high intensive heavy ion beams dynamical vacuum rapidly cycling superconducting magnets high energy electron cooling parallel operation of up to 4-5 programs
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Fast ramping:Frequency variable ferrite or MA loaded resonators
Beam quality:Electron & Stochastic Cooling
XHV ~10-12 mbar
Compact & efficient acceleator design:Rapidly cycling sc magnets: dB/dt ~ 4T/s
Accelerator Developments
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
EoIs still missing from
WBS 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 3.0HEBT Super FRS CR NESR p-linac SIS100 pbar-target RESR HESR SIS300 ER Com. Sys.Civ. Constr.
TS-2 Magnets Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend Bend
Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad Quad
SextupolesSextupoles Sextupoles Sextupoles SextupolesMultipoles Sextupoles
Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other Other
TS-3 Power Converter Power ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConverterPower ConvertgerPower ConverterPower Converter
TS-4 RF-System RF RF RF RF RF RF RF RF
TS-5 Inj/Extraction Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr. Inj/Extr.
TS-6 Diagnostics DiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnosticsDiagnostics
TS-7 Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum
TS-8 Part. Sources EZR Linac
TS-9 ECOOL ECOOL ECOOL
TS-10 St. Cooling St. Cool St. Cool St. Cool
TS-11 Special inst. Special Special Special Special Special
TS-12 Local Cryo Local CryoLocal CryoLocal Cryo Local Cryo Local Cryo Refrigerator
TS-14 Common System Controls/Interfaces
Quench Detection
Magnet QC
Alignment
El. Power
International contributions to FAIR accelerators
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Overall schedule (FAIR accelerator sections)
FAIR accelerator systems (schedule)
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Accelerator R&D
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– Design and construction of superconducting prototype magnets in collaboration with external partners and industry.
– SIS100 challenge: fast ramping superconducting magnets
– SIS300 challenge: superconducting curved coils with 300 Tm bending power
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SIS100 superferric dipole prototype
SIS100 superferric quadrupole prototype
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R&D on dipole magnets for SIS300
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The BIG challenge
100 m
UNILACSIS 18
SIS 100/300
HESR
SuperFRS
NESR
CRRESR
ESR
• Construction in three phases until 2016• Total cost 1.2 B€• Scientific users: 2500 - 3000 per year
Construction Period, Cost, Users
• 65 % Federal Government of Germany• 10 % State of Hessen• 25 % Partner CountriesFAIR GmbH w. International Shareholders
Financing
GSI todayGSI today Future facilityFuture facility• Beam intensities by factors of 100 - 10000• Beam energies by a factor 20• Production of antimatter beams• Factor 10000 in beam brilliance via cooling• Efficient parallel operation of programs
Gain Factors
Largest fundamental
science project
worldwide for
the next decade!
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Radioactive Ion Beam Programme Anti Proton Beam Programme
Relat. Ion Beam ProgrammePlasma Physics Beam Programme
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746°C
Beam catcher
Remotely controlledAssembly and operation andservicing
Target for 1012 U /100ns
Radiation resistant superconducting cable
Superferric Quadrupole-Multipletts
Super-FRS
Super-FRS technological challenges: Extreme radiation hardness requirements
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1 GeV/u U, 3x1011/s1GeV/u U + H About 1000
isotopes identified
A/Z-resolution ~10-3