Post on 13-Sep-2018
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 1
Biomass & Waste Competence Centre
Sustainable biomass for green power
Yves Ryckmansyves.ryckmans@laborelec.com
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 2
ContentContent
1. Technologies and biofuels2. Realisations of Electrabel in Europe3. Traded biomass: wood pellets4. Belgian legislation for green certificates5. Sustainability6. Conclusions
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 3
Centralised biomass technologies within EBLCentralised biomass technologies within EBL
Indirect co-firing with partialgasification
biomass
hot syngas 850°C
CFB gasifier
Indirect co-firing with partialgasification
biomass
hot syngas 850°C
CFB gasifier
biomass
biomass dust
coal mill
Direct co-firingwith common injection
biomass
biomass dust
coal mill
Direct co-firingwith common injection
Direct co-firingwith separate injection
Silos de granulés
Gaz naturel ventilateur
Silo pouss. bois
Déchargement
chaudièreGénérateur d’électricité
vapeur
flue gas
réseau
Silos de granulés
Gaz naturel ventilateur
Silo pouss. bois
Déchargement
chaudièreGénérateur d’électricité
vapeur
flue gas
réseau
Retrofit of PC power plant
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 4
Biomass fuels within Biomass fuels within ElectrabelElectrabelDried sewage sludgeOlive cakeCoffee ground
Wood pellets
Wood dust
Fresh and recycledwood chips
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 5
capacity cocapacity co--firing biomass in EURfiring biomass in EURUNIT Hardcoal Biomass CAPACITY Green power
MWe products ton/year MWeUNIT 3 130 Olive cake 35.000 12UNIT 4 122 Wood dust 50.000 14UNIT 5 190 Bio-dust 150.000 35
Wood chips 100.000 17Olive cake 35.000 9
Wood pellets 300.000 68
UNIT 1 258 Sewage sludge 30.000 4Olive cake 35.000 10
UNIT 2 258 Biomass dust 100.000 28Belgium AWIRS 100%
UNIT 4 0 Wood pellets 400.000 80
Netherlands GELDERLAND 3%
UNIT 13 635 Wood dust 60000 17
Poland POLANIEC 10%
8 UNITS 1680 Wood chips 600000 150
TOTAL 3541 Biomass 1.895.000 444920.000 205975.000 239
ELECTRABEL BIOMASS POWER PLANTS
SITE + % biomass
Belgium RUIEN 15%
Belgium RODENHUIZE 30%Belgium LANGERLO 8%
UNIT 4 268
Essentially importedEssentially local origin
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 6
Liège
RODENHUIZERODENHUIZE80 MW80 MW= 25%= 25%
Gent
LES AWIRSLES AWIRS80 MW80 MW= 100%= 100%
WOOD PELLETSWOOD PELLETSabout 700 kt/yabout 700 kt/y
Both plants commissioned in Aug 2005
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 7
10 – 40 mm4 – 10 mm
SpecificationsQuality norms pellets sept-04
Parameters Units ElectrabelDiameter mm 4-10Length 10-40 mmVolatile matterWater content % DM < 10 %Bulk (apparent) density kg/m3 > 600Low heating value GJ/ton ar > 17Ash content % DM < 1%Bark content < 5%Initial melting temperature (red cond) °C > 1200°CCl % DM < 0,03 %S % DM < 0,2%F ppm < 30Additives (past, vegetal oil) % FORBIDDENWaste wood Qualitative FORBIDDENHeavy metalsAs mg/kg DM < 2Cd mg/kg DM < 1Cr mg/kg DM < 15Cu mg/kg DM < 20Hg mg/kg DM < 1Pb mg/kg DM < 20Zn mg/kg DMBenzo-a-pyrene mg/kg DM < 0,5Pentachlorphenol mg/kg DM < 3Particle size distribution minimum% < 3.0 mm (Durability) 100,0%% < 2.0 mm 95,0%% < 1.5 mm 75,0%% < 1.0 mm 50,0%
The wood pellets are made of saw dust and shavings, being by-products of saw mills
Wood pellets composition
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 8
Why pellets for long distance ?Why pellets for long distance ?Chain costs for a European situation, international transport distance 1500 km
Chain costs for a Latin-American situation, international transport distance 10,000 km
The average pellet production costs in Sweden is a third less expensive than in Austria
Overseas production can compete very well with European local production: import in Sweden cheaper than local
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 9
World production of wood pelletsWorld production of wood pelletsA booming market still with high increase capacity
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 10
Traded biomass: pelletsTraded biomass: pellets
Advantages of pellets:bulk material can be easily transported on road, rail, waterhigh energy contentfavorable dosing quality (homogeneous fuel)combustion technology can technically be adapted high efficiency factorlow emissionsconvenient fuel handling
Disadvantages of pellets:logistics have to take care of specific fuel propertiesmilling of pellets for large scale application
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 11
Trade of liquid biomassTrade of liquid biomass: : palm oil not used by palm oil not used by ElectrabelElectrabel
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 12
RSPO palm oil certificationRSPO palm oil certification
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 13
RSPO palm oil certificationRSPO palm oil certificationOption 1: segregation
certified material is kept separated from the plantation up to the consumption
Option 2: mass balancecertified material is from the plantation is mixed with non certified product and a certification % is defined
Option 2: book & claimNo physical link between certificate and product: traceability of the physical product does not apply
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 14
Belgium: definition of renewable biomassBelgium: definition of renewable biomass
prevention
recycling
re-use
energyrecuperation
landfill
Flanders : Biomass = lista) products from forestry and agriculture;b) animal manurec) organic-biological waste (sorted out or MSW) according to “ladder of Lanink”d) municipal solid waste, if the incinerator recuperates at least 35% of the energy content of MSW under the form of primary energy
Ladder of Lansink
Wallonia :Renewable energy source = non fossil, non nuclear sources whose Renewable energy source = non fossil, non nuclear sources whose consumption is not limited towards the futureconsumption is not limited towards the future
sustainabilitysustainability of the biomass source is requestedof the biomass source is requestedevaluation occurs on the base of avoided CO2 (LCA of supply chaievaluation occurs on the base of avoided CO2 (LCA of supply chain)n)
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 15
Belgium: green certificatesBelgium: green certificatesFlanders : obligation 3,75% x 50TWh= 1,875 TWh, 1GC=125 €
green certificates granted according to energy balance of supply chain and reference STAG PP
Wallonia : obligation 7,00% x 23,5 TWh=1,65 TWh, 1GC=100€green certificates granted according to proven sustainability, CO2 balance of supply chain and reference STAG PPAll fuels have reference CO2 emission according to LCA
Natural gas = 251 kgCO2/MWhpCoal = 396 kgCO2/MWhpWood pellets = 55 kgCO2/MWhp
MWhelGC ∗⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛ =∗−= %65
%3455%
251551# 55%55
251
%55# ∗−−= pel MWhfossiluseyelectricitMWhnetGC
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 16
Specific rate of fossile GHG generationSpecific rate of fossile GHG generationin kg CO2eq/MWh primary energy (CWaPEin kg CO2eq/MWh primary energy (CWaPE--WAL)WAL)
NON FOSSILE kgCO2/MWhp %green certwind/solar/hydraulics 0 100organic biodegradable matters 0 100
milling 4 98transport on max. 100 km 5 97drying 10 94
corn crops 22 87wood 23 87cultivated wood (short rotation coppices) 45 74coleseed oil 65 63bio-diesel 80 54
FOSSILEnatural gas 251gasoil 306light fuel oil 310heavy fuel oil 320coal 385
the reference
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 17
Sustainability of bioSustainability of bio--fuelsfuels
References for bioReferences for bio--fuelsfuels-- FForest orest SStewardship tewardship CCouncilouncil--forest certificates or eqv (PEFC)forest certificates or eqv (PEFC)-- UNUN RRoundTable oundTable SSustainable ustainable PPalm alm OOilil-- Cramer Commissie NederlandCramer Commissie Nederland
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 18
Principles of sustainable bioPrinciples of sustainable bio--energyenergy
TECHNICAL CRITERIATECHNICAL CRITERIAControled impact on environment (water, air, soil)Energy & CO2 balance: controlled use of fossil energy along the supply chainRespect of local and national legislationsAfforestation plans
SOCIAL CRITERIASOCIAL CRITERIARespect of rights and prosperity of inhabitants Respect of rights and prosperity of workers Respect of right and responsibility for soil use Protection of primary forests with high value
Social criteria must be verified through international Social criteria must be verified through international certification systems or bilateral agreementscertification systems or bilateral agreements
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 19
Sustainability principles implemented by Electrabel
Certified or at least evidencefor responsible management of the forestsincluding afforestation plans Respect of international legislation Controlled impact on environment (soil, air, water)
Traceability
Origin of raw material• primary product or residue• bio-fuel or waste
Energy/CO2 balance of supply chain• electricity use• fossil primary energy use• transport
Laborelec
Sustainability
Certificate
Independent reporting
Track & trace system Electrabel fuel
logistics
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 20
Independent inspection of supply chainIndependent inspection of supply chainRaw materialRaw material PelletsPellets TransportTransport Power PlantPower PlantHarbourHarbour
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 21
Flatboat from ARAG:Avg. diesel use
Sea transport:Capacity in tonsDistance in milesNumber of days of seaConsumption/sea day
Transport of pellets:Distance to harbourTruck or train
Pelleting:Electricity/ton pellets
(and origin)Fossile/ton pelletsBiomass/ton pellets
Transport of raw material:Avg. distanceMax. distance
Awirs
Energy use of biomass supplyEnergy use of biomass supply
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 22
Energy balance in Energy balance in MWhMWh eqv electricityeqv electricity
18001800180018001800GROSS (38%)
262277233185158TOTAL
91%
6
2
150
GermanyNL
87%
60
3
170
Sweden
85%
125
17
120
Canada
85%90%Granted GC
6050Sea-Rivertransport
175Local transport
200130Pelletising
RussiaBalticPhase
Electricity use always subtracted x 100% from net green powerFossil fuel for production and transported subtracted x 55%with respect to ref. STAG power plant with η= 55 % efficiency
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 23
COCO22 balance in balance in kgCOkgCO22/MWh/MWh primary energyprimary energy
3231242218TOTAL
89%
2
4
1
11
Germany
84%
2
5
2
15
Sweden
79%
2
15
2
13
Canada
80%86%Granted GC
22Rivertransport
76Sea/Rivertransport
21Local transport
2013Pelletising
RussiaBalticPhase
Green certificates are calculated on the base of avoided CO2 with respect to ref. STAG power plant and ref. CO2 for biomassLegal reference Wallonia for imported wood pellets: 55= 65%
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 24
International Energy AgencyInternational Energy AgencyTASK 40 BIO-ENERGY FAIR-TRADEtowards a real commodity market for bio-fuels
www.bioenergytrade.org
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 25
Presentation of the certification schemePresentation of the certification scheme2006IEA Task 40 workshop together with Eubionet II on Biomass Trade, Utrecht, 30-31 JAN 2006Joint Seminar of IEA Task38 and IEA Task40 on Greenhouse gas credits trade versus biomass trade, Trondheim, 3-7 APR 200610 jaar Organisatie Duurzame Energie in Vlaanderen (ODE), 27 APR 20062nd World Conference on Wood Pellets in Jönköping, Sweden, 31 MAY—2 JUN 2006Biomassaplatform Vlaanderen over de duurzaamheid van ingevoerde biomassa, Brussel, (VEA), 30 AUG 2006International conference European Legislation to Promote Bioenergy, Brussels, 6-7 OCT 20006IFEST, 13 OCT 20006SenterNovem Werkgroep over de duurzaamheid van ingevoerde biomassa in NL, Utrecht, 19 OCT 20006International conference ‘Biomass for Energy: Challenges for Agriculture’, Bruges, 25-26 OCT 20006
2007IEA Task40 + EUBIONET Meeting, Rotterdam, 19 FEB 2007Energik studiedag DE WERELD VAN BIO-ENERGIE IS OPEN !!!, Anderlecht, 24 MAY 2007Workshop on Trade in Bio-energy and the Potential Role for Biomass Certification , IEA-OECD, Paris, 8 JUN 2007Electrabel Environmental days, Linkebeek, 26 JUN 2007BIOPEC Meeting, Utrecht, 4 SEP 2007
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 26
MAIN DIFFICULTIESMAIN DIFFICULTIES
LL : Logistics and organization (volume !): Logistics and organization (volume !)AA : Administrative : stability of regulations ?: Administrative : stability of regulations ?
Operation license Operation license Emissions regulations Emissions regulations Green CertificationGreen Certification
SS : Supply : market growing, prices rise: Supply : market growing, prices riseTT : Technical : specific technical adaptations: Technical : specific technical adaptations
Long delays = loss of opportunitiesLong delays = loss of opportunities……
LABORELEC Biomass and Waste Competence Centre © Laborelec – 2008 – 27
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