Scenario of Fruit production in Jammu PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE STRATEGIES OF

SKUAST-J

Division of Fruit ScienceSher-e-Kashmir

University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu

NAME: Dr. Parshant Bakshi Associate Professor

Total Geographical area : 101387 sq km.

Extended over : 320-17` and 370 –5`N

730-26` and 800-30` E

Altitude variations : 300-5400 meters asl

GENERAL PROFILE OF JAMMU DIVISIONGENERAL PROFILE OF JAMMU DIVISION1. Total area of Jammu Division 17.95 Lac Ha.

2. Area under forests 6.52 Lac Ha.

3. Area not available for cultivation (land put to Non-Agricultural use and barren and un-cultivated land)

4.96 Lac Ha

4 Other un-cultivated land excluding fallow 2.36 Lac Ha.

5. Fallow Land 0.47 Lac Ha.

6. Net sown area 4.02 Lac Ha.

7. Net irrigated area 1.09 Lac Ha.

8. Area irrigated 26%

9 No. of Districts 10

10. No. of Blocks 65

11 No. of Horticulture Zones 70

12. No. of Panchayats 1969

13. No. of villages 3517

14. Area under Orchards in Jammu Division 1.08 Lac Ha

15. Production of Fruits in Jammu Division 1.40 Lac Mt.

AGRO CLIMATIC STATUS AGRO CLIMATIC STATUS OF JAMMU DIVISIONOF JAMMU DIVISION

The Jammu Division has three Agro Climatic The Jammu Division has three Agro Climatic Zones comprising of:-Zones comprising of:-

SUB-TROPICAL Irrigated Areas, Kandi and un-irrigated area.

INTERMEDIATE This zone falls in between temperate and Sub- tropical Zone and comprises mainly rainfed areas where source of irrigation is very scanty.

TEMPERATE Comprises of hilly and mountainous areas

AREAS FALLING UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC AREAS FALLING UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONESZONES

ZONES LOCALITIES SUITABLE FRUIT KINDS

Sub-Tropical (Irrigated Areas)

Kathua, Barnoti, Hiranagar, Ghagwal, Samba, Vijaypur, Bishnah, R. S. Pora, Marh, Bhalwal, Akhnoor, Khour, Nowshera, Satwari and Sunderbani Block

Mango,Citrus, Guava, Ber, Litchi, Loquat, Grapes and Strawberry etc.

Sub-Tropical (Un-Irrigated Areas)

Parts of Kathua, Barnoti, Hiranagar, Bhagwal, Samba, Purmandal, Udhampur, Reasi, Katra, Ramnagar, Bhalwal, Khour, Nowshera, Kalakot, Ramban and Sunderbani Block.

Mango, Citrus, Guava, Ber, Aonla

Intermediate zone Parts of Basholi (Bani), Billawar (Machedi), Lohi-Malhar in Kathua district, Parts of Poonch district (Surankote, Balakote, Mendhar etc.), Parts of Rajouri viz. Doongi, Dalhori, Chowdhary Nar, Kote Dhara, Mehari, Kallar, Budhal-Thandi kassi. Tarala, Palma, Panhad, Triyath- Treru (Lower) in Rajouri District, Parts of Udhampur district (Bombagh area of Dudu- Basantgarh, Chenani, Parts of Reasi, Totesari, Thakrakote and Mahore), and some portion of Doda district (Assar, Baggar, Khilani, Marmat, Ramban and Kishtwar)

Stone fruits (Like Peach, Plum, Apricot), Pears, Pecan Nut, Olive and Kiwi etc.

Temperate Zone Parts of Poonch, Rajouri, Doda, Kishtwar, Bhalesa, Assar, Paddar, Marwah,k Ramban, Mahore, Mendhar, Poonch, Budhal, Basohli Billawar, Lohai Malhar, Ramnagar, Chenani, Thathri, Banihal, Panchari, Basantgarh, Gool, Surankote, Inderwal, Mandi, Wsarwan, Badnota, Darhal, Manjhakot and entire areas of Bhaderwah block,

Apple, Pears, Walnut, Almond, Pecan Nut, and Stone Fruits etc.

ZONALIZATION PLAN FOR GROWING ZONALIZATION PLAN FOR GROWING FRUIT CROPS IN JAMMU DIVISIONFRUIT CROPS IN JAMMU DIVISION

Name of District

Kind of fruit plants (Percent area to be covered)Pome/Soft fruits Nut fruits Drupes Evergreen fruits

Doda34

Apple, Pear, Quince,

Pomegranate

40Walnut

Pecan nut

9Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi

17Olive, Citrus

Kishtwar30

Apple, Pear, Quince,

Pomegranate

55Walnut

10Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi

5Olive, Citrus

Ramban25

Apple, Pear, Quince,

Pomegranate

56Walnut

Pecan nut

9Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi

10Olive, Citrus, Strawberry

Poonch30

Apple, Pear, Persimmon

45Walnut,

Pecan nut

20Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi

5Citrus, Olive

……Contd.……

Kathua15

Apple, Pear, Pomegranate

30Walnut

15Plum, Peach,

Apricot

40Citrus, Mango, Loquat,

Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber, Aonla, Strawberry

Udhampur15

Apple, Pear, Pomegranate

35Walnut

15Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi

35Mango, Citrus, Loquat,

Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber, Aonla, Strawberry

Reasi20

Apple, Pear, Pomegranate

30Walnut

15Peach, Plum,

Apricot

35Mango, Citrus, Loquat,

Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber, Aonla

Rajouri25

Apple, Pear30

Walnut, Pecan Nut

20Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi

25Citrus, Guava, Mango, Olive

Loquat, Litchi, Ber, Aonla

Jammu— — 10

Peach90

Mango, Guava, Litchi, Citrus, Loquat, Ber, Aonla,

Strawberry

Samba— — 10

Peach90

Mango, Guava, Litchi, Citrus, Loquat, Ber, Aonla,

Strawberry

THRUST AREASTHRUST AREAS Promotion of dry land horticulture in Kandi areasPromotion of dry land horticulture in Kandi areas Area Expansion keeping in view consumer oriented Area Expansion keeping in view consumer oriented

diversification and uplifting of scoi-economic status of diversification and uplifting of scoi-economic status of farming communityfarming community

Creation and strengthening of irrigation resources like water Creation and strengthening of irrigation resources like water harvesting/ storage tanks, deep bore wells, shallow wells, harvesting/ storage tanks, deep bore wells, shallow wells, table wells in rain-fed areastable wells in rain-fed areas

Introduction of new cultivarsIntroduction of new cultivars Enhance/ Boost the production and productivity of fruit Enhance/ Boost the production and productivity of fruit

cropscrops Encourage the introduction and cultivation of minor and Encourage the introduction and cultivation of minor and

rare fruit crops (diversification) and promotion of area rare fruit crops (diversification) and promotion of area specific fruit crops (zonalization).specific fruit crops (zonalization).

Capacity building and human resource development in Capacity building and human resource development in private and public sector.private and public sector.

APPROACHESAPPROACHES Increase the area under fruit crops by plantation of improved cultivars of Increase the area under fruit crops by plantation of improved cultivars of

known performanceknown performance Boost the productivity by intensive cultivationBoost the productivity by intensive cultivation Re-plantation and top working of old/ senile fruit trees with commercially Re-plantation and top working of old/ senile fruit trees with commercially

acceptable cultivarsacceptable cultivars Development of fruit zones/ villages (fruit specific areas) as per Development of fruit zones/ villages (fruit specific areas) as per

zonalization and diversification strategieszonalization and diversification strategies Improvement in water harvesting and distribution system, moisture Improvement in water harvesting and distribution system, moisture

management and soil conservation measuresmanagement and soil conservation measures Top working of wild, inferior fruit trees of Mango, Ber, Kainth, Olive, etc. Top working of wild, inferior fruit trees of Mango, Ber, Kainth, Olive, etc.

into superior and commercial cultivarsinto superior and commercial cultivars Rejuvenation of old and senile fruit treesRejuvenation of old and senile fruit trees Capacity building by training programmes, seminars, workshop, etc.Capacity building by training programmes, seminars, workshop, etc. Organization of awareness camps, fruit shows at Divisional level, District Organization of awareness camps, fruit shows at Divisional level, District

level, Block level, etc.level, Block level, etc.

CONSTRAINTS / CONSTRAINTS / BOTTLENECKSBOTTLENECKS

Fragmented, small and marginal holdings with little Fragmented, small and marginal holdings with little or no irrigation facilities.or no irrigation facilities.

Non-existence of organized and planned irrigation Non-existence of organized and planned irrigation infrastructure for the orchards.infrastructure for the orchards.

The Horticulture depends mainly on rains, the hilly The Horticulture depends mainly on rains, the hilly terrain and the poor soil status becomes main terrain and the poor soil status becomes main constraint in Jammu Division constraint in Jammu Division

Lack of mobility facilities for supervision of field Lack of mobility facilities for supervision of field activities.activities.

Lack of manpower to supervise the field activities in Lack of manpower to supervise the field activities in far flung and remote areas;far flung and remote areas;

Less market accessibility due to poor Less market accessibility due to poor communication/road links communication/road links

GOALSGOALS

Increase in productivity.Increase in productivity. Increase in the returns to orchardists from Increase in the returns to orchardists from

their produce.their produce. Economic upliftment of rural masses by Economic upliftment of rural masses by

creation of opportunities for employment creation of opportunities for employment generation.generation.

Significant achievements/ technologies evolved by SKUAST-J

Fruit crops

a) Control of fruit drops and black tip in mango

b) Protocol for in vitro propagation in Kagzi lime

c) Stress management in Kinnow under rainfed conditions.

d) Control of fruit cracking in lemon

e) Improvement in shelf-life of Guava.

f) Improvement in yield, quality and shelf-life of grapes

g) Propagation techniques in aonla

h) Colour development in apple

i) Re-generation of strawberry under shed nuts.

j) Dehulling in walnuts and control of fruit drops

CONTROL OF BLACK TIP IN MANGO

MICRO-PROPAGATION OF KAGZI LIME

STANDARDIZATION OF PROTOCOL FOR IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SWEET ORANGE

Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)

AONLA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

FULL BEARING AONLA PLANT CV. NA-7 AT RRSS RAYA

PHALSA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

PHALSA FRUIT BUSHES AT RRSS RAYA

Inter-cropping Phalsa in Aonla

Inter-cropping Phalsa in Aonla

Ber (Zyzyphus mauritiana Lamk.)

TOP WORKED BER AT RRSS RAYA

PRUNING IN TOP WORKED BER AT RRSS RAYA

AIR LAYERING IN GUAVA AT RRSS RAYA

Kinnow mandarin

FULL BEARING KINNOW PLANT AT RRSS RAYA

LEMON BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

GALGAL BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

KARONDA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

Karonda (Carissa carandas L)

Custard apple block

POMEGRANATE BLOCK

Jack Fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)

BAEL PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

Fig (Ficus carica L.)

TAMARIND PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

Lasoorha (Cordia myxa Roxb)

LASOORHA PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

Papaya (Carica papaya )

PAPAYA (local selection) AT RRSS RAYA

MANGO BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA

Inter-cropping of Papaya in Mango

Mahua

HARAD PLANT GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

KHIRNI PLANT GROWING AT RRSS RAYA

Nursery Block-Raya

Nursery Block-Raya

BUDDED SAPLINGS OF AONLA IN NURSERY AT RRSS RAYA

Layered plants of lemon

Phalsa Plants

STRAWBERRY CULTURE AT RESEARCH FARM OF SKUAST- J AT UDHEYWALLA

REGENARATION OF STRAWBERRY UNDER SHED NET

Olive orchard before adoption Contour terracing of the adopted orchard

Basin preparation around the experimental plants Winter pruning of the experimental plants

OLIVE CULTURE IN JAMMU DIVISION

DEHULLING IN WALNUT

NURSERIESNURSERIES

SUPPLY OF QUALTIY SUPPLY OF QUALTIY PLANTING MATERIALPLANTING MATERIAL

REJUVENATING REJUVENATING OLD ORCHARDSOLD ORCHARDS

AREA EXPANSIONAREA EXPANSION

SURVEILLANCESURVEILLANCE

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR PROTECTIONPROTECTION

  MARKETTINGMARKETTING

TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT POINTS FOR FRUIT PRODUCTION

Production Strategies- to Improve productivity and acreage

• Commercial production for selected crops on cluster basis – project-

based approach

• Micro irrigation

• Strengthening delivery mechanism for appropriate seeds / nurseries /

nutrients/pesticides

• Establishment of plant health clinics (Tissue / Leaf analysis labs)

• Hi-tech farming/precision farming

• Research & extension on inputs/ farming systems/ technologies

Acreage Improvement Strategy:• New gardens through development of wasteland / utilization of bunds /

diversification from other crops• Special thrust on Hill areas• Appropriate inter-cropping• Household gardening for vegetables and a few fruit trees for self-

consumption• Organic farming/contract farming• Farmers’ HRD through institutional training/farm visits/• Appropriate media support/experts’ visit to farmers’ site• Subsidy and credit at affordable rate of interest

Strategies- to Improve PHM

The supply chain: growing-sorting/grading-packaging-storage transportation-processing-marketing

It is indeed a web, not a chain

Strategies- to Improve Marketing• Substantial gap between farmers’ share in consumers' price• A number of marketing practices • Farmer – Consolidator – Trader – Commission Agent – Wholesaler –

Retailer – Consumer• 7307 markets regulated by APMCs• Different markets in one location may continue to provide competition

Strategies- to Improve Processing • About 0.8% of production processed • Processing capacity and distribution • Processing facilities to be set up in production clusters• Technology up gradation/ research required

Strategies- to Improve Export promotion

• APEDA approach to continue and be strengthened

• Marketing Intelligence through Ministry of Commerce

• Marketing research needed

• Standard development, testing facilities and enforcement

mechanism required

• Training of farmers/ entrepreneurs

POLICY FRAMEWORK• Credit policy--untimely, insufficient, high-cost credit

• Insurance policy--only covered under insurance; that too

ineffective

• Taxation policy-- need for regular review of excise, sales tax,

trade tariff

• Trade policy-WTO issues

• Legal and regulatory framework--APMC Act, MOUs for contract

farming, Seeds Act, Food safety Act, Quality standardization

• Agriculture/ Horticulture policy

• Nutrition policy

• Health Policy

• Planning for key infrastructure such as link roads, power and

water availability

Rejuvenation of old/senile orchards

Improving productivity Improving productivity of senile orchardsof senile orchards

Rejuvenation is the process of Rejuvenation is the process of pruning and after pruning pruning and after pruning management of the plants to management of the plants to make them productive by make them productive by utilizing the existing root system utilizing the existing root system for support and absorption and for support and absorption and existing limb / branch system to existing limb / branch system to rebuilt the productive canopyrebuilt the productive canopy

What is rejuvenation ?What is rejuvenation ?

India is a leading fruit producing India is a leading fruit producing country. country.

Fruit production in the country Fruit production in the country is an age old enterprise. is an age old enterprise.

A large acreage is under A large acreage is under systematic fruit plantation.systematic fruit plantation.

The low average productivity of The low average productivity of orchards in India is attributed to orchards in India is attributed to prevalence of senile orchardsprevalence of senile orchards

Hence, rejuvenation is required Hence, rejuvenation is required to improve the productivity of to improve the productivity of senile orchardssenile orchards

Why rejuvenation of senile Why rejuvenation of senile plants?plants?

Considerations for Considerations for rejuvenationrejuvenation

1.1. Age of the plantAge of the plant2.2. Ability of the species to coppiceAbility of the species to coppice3.3. Frame of the treeFrame of the tree4.4. Time and severity of rejuvenationTime and severity of rejuvenation5.5. Post rejuvenation carePost rejuvenation care6.6. Transformation of rejuvenated Transformation of rejuvenated

juvenile shoots into productive juvenile shoots into productive oneone

7.7. Top working to change the Top working to change the varietyvariety

1.1. Utilization of existing root systemUtilization of existing root system2.2. Lowering the fruiting area which Lowering the fruiting area which

can be conveniently managedcan be conveniently managed3.3. Creation of extra space for Creation of extra space for

intercropping in the orchardintercropping in the orchard4.4. Availability of large amount of Availability of large amount of

pruned wood which can provide pruned wood which can provide additional incomeadditional income

5.5. Enhancing the productivity of plantEnhancing the productivity of plant

Advantages of rejuvenationAdvantages of rejuvenation

Methodology and Methodology and operations in mangooperations in mango

Convincing the farmers

Marking and cutting of the treesMarking and cutting of the trees

A pruned tree of mango for rejuvenation

Pasting on cut endsPasting on cut ends

Painting of trunk with lime + Painting of trunk with lime + copper oxychloridecopper oxychloride

Pruning Pruning - December- - December-JanuaryJanuaryPreparation of ring Preparation of ring - - FebruaryFebruaryApplication of Urea Application of Urea - March- MarchIrrigation Irrigation - March to May- March to MayApplication of fertilizers Application of fertilizers - July and - July and October October

Calendar of operation

Control of trunkControl of trunkborerborer

New shoot initiation on rejuvenated trees New shoot initiation on rejuvenated trees

Profuse shootingProfuse shooting

Thinning of shootsThinning of shoots

Keeping 8-10 well Keeping 8-10 well spaced shoots per spaced shoots per branchbranch

Healthy shoot

Developing canopy

Thinning of Thinning of shoots as and shoots as and

when required at when required at later stagelater stage

First flushFirst flushSecond flushSecond flush

Fully developed canopyFully developed canopy

Application of Paclobutrazol to restore the Canopy productivity

Year of application : Third year after pruning

Time of application : September-October

Method of application: Trunk pour method

Canopy drip area method

Uniformly distributed localized

pit method

Doses : 4-6 gram a.i. per tree (16-25 ml P333)

What is Paclobutrazol?Paclobutrazol is a growth retardant which intercepts the Gibberellins Synthesis path way and therefore known as Anti-gibberellins. With the application of Paclobutrazol, gibberellins and auxin balance in the terminal shoots changed more towards auxin which is responsible for florigin formation and ultimately the flowering in the terminal shoots

Method of application

Rejuvenated plants started flowering

in third year

Plants applied with 800:300:1000g NPK + 50 kg FYM along with 4g a.i. cultar yielded 10 kg fruits in the first year which increased upto 60kg fruits per plant in the fifth year

The orchard intercropped with Carrot and bottle gourd

Yield of intercrops in rejuvenated orchardYield of intercrops in rejuvenated orchard

CropCrop Area Area (acre)(acre)

Yield (q)Yield (q)

PotatoPotato 0.500.50 16.016.0GingerGinger 0.250.25 9.09.0Bottle Bottle guardguard

0.250.25 16.016.0

Pigeon Pigeon peapea

0.250.25 2.52.5

MustardMustard 0.250.25 3.53.5

Future areas of research in Fruit production Germplasm Identification, Conservation and Exchange in fruit crops

Varietal development/ improvement in fruit crops

Hi-Tech Propagation of fruit Crops

Greenhouse Technology for Plant Propagation

Developing High Density Planting (HDP) in fruit crops

Developing Nutritional Need Diagnosis and Leaf Nutrient Norms

Micro-irrigation and Fertigation in fruit crops

Organic Farming in fruit production

Integrated pest management

Marketing Opportunities and Infrastructural Support

Mechanizing and Post-harvest Handling

Processing and Value Addition