Scenario of Fruit production in Jammu
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Scenario of Fruit production in Jammu PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE STRATEGIES OF
SKUAST-J
Division of Fruit ScienceSher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu
NAME: Dr. Parshant Bakshi Associate Professor
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Total Geographical area : 101387 sq km.
Extended over : 320-17` and 370 –5`N
730-26` and 800-30` E
Altitude variations : 300-5400 meters asl
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GENERAL PROFILE OF JAMMU DIVISIONGENERAL PROFILE OF JAMMU DIVISION1. Total area of Jammu Division 17.95 Lac Ha.
2. Area under forests 6.52 Lac Ha.
3. Area not available for cultivation (land put to Non-Agricultural use and barren and un-cultivated land)
4.96 Lac Ha
4 Other un-cultivated land excluding fallow 2.36 Lac Ha.
5. Fallow Land 0.47 Lac Ha.
6. Net sown area 4.02 Lac Ha.
7. Net irrigated area 1.09 Lac Ha.
8. Area irrigated 26%
9 No. of Districts 10
10. No. of Blocks 65
11 No. of Horticulture Zones 70
12. No. of Panchayats 1969
13. No. of villages 3517
14. Area under Orchards in Jammu Division 1.08 Lac Ha
15. Production of Fruits in Jammu Division 1.40 Lac Mt.
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AGRO CLIMATIC STATUS AGRO CLIMATIC STATUS OF JAMMU DIVISIONOF JAMMU DIVISION
The Jammu Division has three Agro Climatic The Jammu Division has three Agro Climatic Zones comprising of:-Zones comprising of:-
SUB-TROPICAL Irrigated Areas, Kandi and un-irrigated area.
INTERMEDIATE This zone falls in between temperate and Sub- tropical Zone and comprises mainly rainfed areas where source of irrigation is very scanty.
TEMPERATE Comprises of hilly and mountainous areas
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AREAS FALLING UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC AREAS FALLING UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONESZONES
ZONES LOCALITIES SUITABLE FRUIT KINDS
Sub-Tropical (Irrigated Areas)
Kathua, Barnoti, Hiranagar, Ghagwal, Samba, Vijaypur, Bishnah, R. S. Pora, Marh, Bhalwal, Akhnoor, Khour, Nowshera, Satwari and Sunderbani Block
Mango,Citrus, Guava, Ber, Litchi, Loquat, Grapes and Strawberry etc.
Sub-Tropical (Un-Irrigated Areas)
Parts of Kathua, Barnoti, Hiranagar, Bhagwal, Samba, Purmandal, Udhampur, Reasi, Katra, Ramnagar, Bhalwal, Khour, Nowshera, Kalakot, Ramban and Sunderbani Block.
Mango, Citrus, Guava, Ber, Aonla
Intermediate zone Parts of Basholi (Bani), Billawar (Machedi), Lohi-Malhar in Kathua district, Parts of Poonch district (Surankote, Balakote, Mendhar etc.), Parts of Rajouri viz. Doongi, Dalhori, Chowdhary Nar, Kote Dhara, Mehari, Kallar, Budhal-Thandi kassi. Tarala, Palma, Panhad, Triyath- Treru (Lower) in Rajouri District, Parts of Udhampur district (Bombagh area of Dudu- Basantgarh, Chenani, Parts of Reasi, Totesari, Thakrakote and Mahore), and some portion of Doda district (Assar, Baggar, Khilani, Marmat, Ramban and Kishtwar)
Stone fruits (Like Peach, Plum, Apricot), Pears, Pecan Nut, Olive and Kiwi etc.
Temperate Zone Parts of Poonch, Rajouri, Doda, Kishtwar, Bhalesa, Assar, Paddar, Marwah,k Ramban, Mahore, Mendhar, Poonch, Budhal, Basohli Billawar, Lohai Malhar, Ramnagar, Chenani, Thathri, Banihal, Panchari, Basantgarh, Gool, Surankote, Inderwal, Mandi, Wsarwan, Badnota, Darhal, Manjhakot and entire areas of Bhaderwah block,
Apple, Pears, Walnut, Almond, Pecan Nut, and Stone Fruits etc.
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ZONALIZATION PLAN FOR GROWING ZONALIZATION PLAN FOR GROWING FRUIT CROPS IN JAMMU DIVISIONFRUIT CROPS IN JAMMU DIVISION
Name of District
Kind of fruit plants (Percent area to be covered)Pome/Soft fruits Nut fruits Drupes Evergreen fruits
Doda34
Apple, Pear, Quince,
Pomegranate
40Walnut
Pecan nut
9Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi
17Olive, Citrus
Kishtwar30
Apple, Pear, Quince,
Pomegranate
55Walnut
10Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi
5Olive, Citrus
Ramban25
Apple, Pear, Quince,
Pomegranate
56Walnut
Pecan nut
9Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi
10Olive, Citrus, Strawberry
Poonch30
Apple, Pear, Persimmon
45Walnut,
Pecan nut
20Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi
5Citrus, Olive
……Contd.……
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Kathua15
Apple, Pear, Pomegranate
30Walnut
15Plum, Peach,
Apricot
40Citrus, Mango, Loquat,
Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber, Aonla, Strawberry
Udhampur15
Apple, Pear, Pomegranate
35Walnut
15Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi
35Mango, Citrus, Loquat,
Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber, Aonla, Strawberry
Reasi20
Apple, Pear, Pomegranate
30Walnut
15Peach, Plum,
Apricot
35Mango, Citrus, Loquat,
Guava, Litchi, Olive, Ber, Aonla
Rajouri25
Apple, Pear30
Walnut, Pecan Nut
20Peach, Plum, Apricot, Kiwi
25Citrus, Guava, Mango, Olive
Loquat, Litchi, Ber, Aonla
Jammu— — 10
Peach90
Mango, Guava, Litchi, Citrus, Loquat, Ber, Aonla,
Strawberry
Samba— — 10
Peach90
Mango, Guava, Litchi, Citrus, Loquat, Ber, Aonla,
Strawberry
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THRUST AREASTHRUST AREAS Promotion of dry land horticulture in Kandi areasPromotion of dry land horticulture in Kandi areas Area Expansion keeping in view consumer oriented Area Expansion keeping in view consumer oriented
diversification and uplifting of scoi-economic status of diversification and uplifting of scoi-economic status of farming communityfarming community
Creation and strengthening of irrigation resources like water Creation and strengthening of irrigation resources like water harvesting/ storage tanks, deep bore wells, shallow wells, harvesting/ storage tanks, deep bore wells, shallow wells, table wells in rain-fed areastable wells in rain-fed areas
Introduction of new cultivarsIntroduction of new cultivars Enhance/ Boost the production and productivity of fruit Enhance/ Boost the production and productivity of fruit
cropscrops Encourage the introduction and cultivation of minor and Encourage the introduction and cultivation of minor and
rare fruit crops (diversification) and promotion of area rare fruit crops (diversification) and promotion of area specific fruit crops (zonalization).specific fruit crops (zonalization).
Capacity building and human resource development in Capacity building and human resource development in private and public sector.private and public sector.
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APPROACHESAPPROACHES Increase the area under fruit crops by plantation of improved cultivars of Increase the area under fruit crops by plantation of improved cultivars of
known performanceknown performance Boost the productivity by intensive cultivationBoost the productivity by intensive cultivation Re-plantation and top working of old/ senile fruit trees with commercially Re-plantation and top working of old/ senile fruit trees with commercially
acceptable cultivarsacceptable cultivars Development of fruit zones/ villages (fruit specific areas) as per Development of fruit zones/ villages (fruit specific areas) as per
zonalization and diversification strategieszonalization and diversification strategies Improvement in water harvesting and distribution system, moisture Improvement in water harvesting and distribution system, moisture
management and soil conservation measuresmanagement and soil conservation measures Top working of wild, inferior fruit trees of Mango, Ber, Kainth, Olive, etc. Top working of wild, inferior fruit trees of Mango, Ber, Kainth, Olive, etc.
into superior and commercial cultivarsinto superior and commercial cultivars Rejuvenation of old and senile fruit treesRejuvenation of old and senile fruit trees Capacity building by training programmes, seminars, workshop, etc.Capacity building by training programmes, seminars, workshop, etc. Organization of awareness camps, fruit shows at Divisional level, District Organization of awareness camps, fruit shows at Divisional level, District
level, Block level, etc.level, Block level, etc.
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CONSTRAINTS / CONSTRAINTS / BOTTLENECKSBOTTLENECKS
Fragmented, small and marginal holdings with little Fragmented, small and marginal holdings with little or no irrigation facilities.or no irrigation facilities.
Non-existence of organized and planned irrigation Non-existence of organized and planned irrigation infrastructure for the orchards.infrastructure for the orchards.
The Horticulture depends mainly on rains, the hilly The Horticulture depends mainly on rains, the hilly terrain and the poor soil status becomes main terrain and the poor soil status becomes main constraint in Jammu Division constraint in Jammu Division
Lack of mobility facilities for supervision of field Lack of mobility facilities for supervision of field activities.activities.
Lack of manpower to supervise the field activities in Lack of manpower to supervise the field activities in far flung and remote areas;far flung and remote areas;
Less market accessibility due to poor Less market accessibility due to poor communication/road links communication/road links
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GOALSGOALS
Increase in productivity.Increase in productivity. Increase in the returns to orchardists from Increase in the returns to orchardists from
their produce.their produce. Economic upliftment of rural masses by Economic upliftment of rural masses by
creation of opportunities for employment creation of opportunities for employment generation.generation.
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Significant achievements/ technologies evolved by SKUAST-J
Fruit crops
a) Control of fruit drops and black tip in mango
b) Protocol for in vitro propagation in Kagzi lime
c) Stress management in Kinnow under rainfed conditions.
d) Control of fruit cracking in lemon
e) Improvement in shelf-life of Guava.
f) Improvement in yield, quality and shelf-life of grapes
g) Propagation techniques in aonla
h) Colour development in apple
i) Re-generation of strawberry under shed nuts.
j) Dehulling in walnuts and control of fruit drops
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CONTROL OF BLACK TIP IN MANGO
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MICRO-PROPAGATION OF KAGZI LIME
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STANDARDIZATION OF PROTOCOL FOR IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SWEET ORANGE
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Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
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AONLA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA
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FULL BEARING AONLA PLANT CV. NA-7 AT RRSS RAYA
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PHALSA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA
PHALSA FRUIT BUSHES AT RRSS RAYA
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Inter-cropping Phalsa in Aonla
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Inter-cropping Phalsa in Aonla
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Ber (Zyzyphus mauritiana Lamk.)
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TOP WORKED BER AT RRSS RAYA
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PRUNING IN TOP WORKED BER AT RRSS RAYA
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AIR LAYERING IN GUAVA AT RRSS RAYA
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Kinnow mandarin
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FULL BEARING KINNOW PLANT AT RRSS RAYA
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LEMON BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA
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GALGAL BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA
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KARONDA BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA
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Karonda (Carissa carandas L)
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Custard apple block
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POMEGRANATE BLOCK
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Jack Fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
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BAEL PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA
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Fig (Ficus carica L.)
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TAMARIND PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA
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Lasoorha (Cordia myxa Roxb)
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LASOORHA PLANTS GROWING AT RRSS RAYA
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Papaya (Carica papaya )
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PAPAYA (local selection) AT RRSS RAYA
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MANGO BLOCK AT RRSS RAYA
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Inter-cropping of Papaya in Mango
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Mahua
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HARAD PLANT GROWING AT RRSS RAYA
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KHIRNI PLANT GROWING AT RRSS RAYA
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Nursery Block-Raya
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Nursery Block-Raya
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BUDDED SAPLINGS OF AONLA IN NURSERY AT RRSS RAYA
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Layered plants of lemon
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Phalsa Plants
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STRAWBERRY CULTURE AT RESEARCH FARM OF SKUAST- J AT UDHEYWALLA
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REGENARATION OF STRAWBERRY UNDER SHED NET
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Olive orchard before adoption Contour terracing of the adopted orchard
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Basin preparation around the experimental plants Winter pruning of the experimental plants
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OLIVE CULTURE IN JAMMU DIVISION
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DEHULLING IN WALNUT
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NURSERIESNURSERIES
SUPPLY OF QUALTIY SUPPLY OF QUALTIY PLANTING MATERIALPLANTING MATERIAL
REJUVENATING REJUVENATING OLD ORCHARDSOLD ORCHARDS
AREA EXPANSIONAREA EXPANSION
SURVEILLANCESURVEILLANCE
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR PROTECTIONPROTECTION
MARKETTINGMARKETTING
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT POINTS FOR FRUIT PRODUCTION
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Production Strategies- to Improve productivity and acreage
• Commercial production for selected crops on cluster basis – project-
based approach
• Micro irrigation
• Strengthening delivery mechanism for appropriate seeds / nurseries /
nutrients/pesticides
• Establishment of plant health clinics (Tissue / Leaf analysis labs)
• Hi-tech farming/precision farming
• Research & extension on inputs/ farming systems/ technologies
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Acreage Improvement Strategy:• New gardens through development of wasteland / utilization of bunds /
diversification from other crops• Special thrust on Hill areas• Appropriate inter-cropping• Household gardening for vegetables and a few fruit trees for self-
consumption• Organic farming/contract farming• Farmers’ HRD through institutional training/farm visits/• Appropriate media support/experts’ visit to farmers’ site• Subsidy and credit at affordable rate of interest
Strategies- to Improve PHM
The supply chain: growing-sorting/grading-packaging-storage transportation-processing-marketing
It is indeed a web, not a chain
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Strategies- to Improve Marketing• Substantial gap between farmers’ share in consumers' price• A number of marketing practices • Farmer – Consolidator – Trader – Commission Agent – Wholesaler –
Retailer – Consumer• 7307 markets regulated by APMCs• Different markets in one location may continue to provide competition
Strategies- to Improve Processing • About 0.8% of production processed • Processing capacity and distribution • Processing facilities to be set up in production clusters• Technology up gradation/ research required
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Strategies- to Improve Export promotion
• APEDA approach to continue and be strengthened
• Marketing Intelligence through Ministry of Commerce
• Marketing research needed
• Standard development, testing facilities and enforcement
mechanism required
• Training of farmers/ entrepreneurs
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POLICY FRAMEWORK• Credit policy--untimely, insufficient, high-cost credit
• Insurance policy--only covered under insurance; that too
ineffective
• Taxation policy-- need for regular review of excise, sales tax,
trade tariff
• Trade policy-WTO issues
• Legal and regulatory framework--APMC Act, MOUs for contract
farming, Seeds Act, Food safety Act, Quality standardization
• Agriculture/ Horticulture policy
• Nutrition policy
• Health Policy
• Planning for key infrastructure such as link roads, power and
water availability
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Rejuvenation of old/senile orchards
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Improving productivity Improving productivity of senile orchardsof senile orchards
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Rejuvenation is the process of Rejuvenation is the process of pruning and after pruning pruning and after pruning management of the plants to management of the plants to make them productive by make them productive by utilizing the existing root system utilizing the existing root system for support and absorption and for support and absorption and existing limb / branch system to existing limb / branch system to rebuilt the productive canopyrebuilt the productive canopy
What is rejuvenation ?What is rejuvenation ?
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India is a leading fruit producing India is a leading fruit producing country. country.
Fruit production in the country Fruit production in the country is an age old enterprise. is an age old enterprise.
A large acreage is under A large acreage is under systematic fruit plantation.systematic fruit plantation.
The low average productivity of The low average productivity of orchards in India is attributed to orchards in India is attributed to prevalence of senile orchardsprevalence of senile orchards
Hence, rejuvenation is required Hence, rejuvenation is required to improve the productivity of to improve the productivity of senile orchardssenile orchards
Why rejuvenation of senile Why rejuvenation of senile plants?plants?
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Considerations for Considerations for rejuvenationrejuvenation
1.1. Age of the plantAge of the plant2.2. Ability of the species to coppiceAbility of the species to coppice3.3. Frame of the treeFrame of the tree4.4. Time and severity of rejuvenationTime and severity of rejuvenation5.5. Post rejuvenation carePost rejuvenation care6.6. Transformation of rejuvenated Transformation of rejuvenated
juvenile shoots into productive juvenile shoots into productive oneone
7.7. Top working to change the Top working to change the varietyvariety
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1.1. Utilization of existing root systemUtilization of existing root system2.2. Lowering the fruiting area which Lowering the fruiting area which
can be conveniently managedcan be conveniently managed3.3. Creation of extra space for Creation of extra space for
intercropping in the orchardintercropping in the orchard4.4. Availability of large amount of Availability of large amount of
pruned wood which can provide pruned wood which can provide additional incomeadditional income
5.5. Enhancing the productivity of plantEnhancing the productivity of plant
Advantages of rejuvenationAdvantages of rejuvenation
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Methodology and Methodology and operations in mangooperations in mango
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Convincing the farmers
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Marking and cutting of the treesMarking and cutting of the trees
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A pruned tree of mango for rejuvenation
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Pasting on cut endsPasting on cut ends
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Painting of trunk with lime + Painting of trunk with lime + copper oxychloridecopper oxychloride
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Pruning Pruning - December- - December-JanuaryJanuaryPreparation of ring Preparation of ring - - FebruaryFebruaryApplication of Urea Application of Urea - March- MarchIrrigation Irrigation - March to May- March to MayApplication of fertilizers Application of fertilizers - July and - July and October October
Calendar of operation
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Control of trunkControl of trunkborerborer
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New shoot initiation on rejuvenated trees New shoot initiation on rejuvenated trees
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Profuse shootingProfuse shooting
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Thinning of shootsThinning of shoots
Keeping 8-10 well Keeping 8-10 well spaced shoots per spaced shoots per branchbranch
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Healthy shoot
Developing canopy
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Thinning of Thinning of shoots as and shoots as and
when required at when required at later stagelater stage
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First flushFirst flushSecond flushSecond flush
Fully developed canopyFully developed canopy
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Application of Paclobutrazol to restore the Canopy productivity
Year of application : Third year after pruning
Time of application : September-October
Method of application: Trunk pour method
Canopy drip area method
Uniformly distributed localized
pit method
Doses : 4-6 gram a.i. per tree (16-25 ml P333)
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What is Paclobutrazol?Paclobutrazol is a growth retardant which intercepts the Gibberellins Synthesis path way and therefore known as Anti-gibberellins. With the application of Paclobutrazol, gibberellins and auxin balance in the terminal shoots changed more towards auxin which is responsible for florigin formation and ultimately the flowering in the terminal shoots
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Method of application
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Rejuvenated plants started flowering
in third year
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Plants applied with 800:300:1000g NPK + 50 kg FYM along with 4g a.i. cultar yielded 10 kg fruits in the first year which increased upto 60kg fruits per plant in the fifth year
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The orchard intercropped with Carrot and bottle gourd
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Yield of intercrops in rejuvenated orchardYield of intercrops in rejuvenated orchard
CropCrop Area Area (acre)(acre)
Yield (q)Yield (q)
PotatoPotato 0.500.50 16.016.0GingerGinger 0.250.25 9.09.0Bottle Bottle guardguard
0.250.25 16.016.0
Pigeon Pigeon peapea
0.250.25 2.52.5
MustardMustard 0.250.25 3.53.5
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Future areas of research in Fruit production Germplasm Identification, Conservation and Exchange in fruit crops
Varietal development/ improvement in fruit crops
Hi-Tech Propagation of fruit Crops
Greenhouse Technology for Plant Propagation
Developing High Density Planting (HDP) in fruit crops
Developing Nutritional Need Diagnosis and Leaf Nutrient Norms
Micro-irrigation and Fertigation in fruit crops
Organic Farming in fruit production
Integrated pest management
Marketing Opportunities and Infrastructural Support
Mechanizing and Post-harvest Handling
Processing and Value Addition
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