Copyright2013byBentleySystems,Inc.Version7.0Revision2

1.0INTRODUCTION

1.1OVERVIEW

SACSIV,thegeneralpurposethreedimensionalstaticstructuralanalysisprogram,isthefocalpointforallprogramsintheSACSsystem.Itgivestheuserthecapabilityofmodelingalargearrayofstructuresfromsimpletwodimensionalspaceframeanalysestocomplexthreedimensionalfiniteelementanalyses.SACSIVcanalsobeusedfornonlinearstaticanalysiswhencoupledwithPSImoduleordynamicresponseanalysiswhencoupledwiththeDynpac,WaveResponseandDynamicResponsemodules.

SACSIVreferstothreeoftheprogrammodulesoftheSACSsystem,namelythepreprocessormodulePre,thesolvermoduleSolveandthepostprocessormodulePost.Thepostprocessormodule,Post,canbeexecutedaspartofSACSIVorasanindividualanalysisstep.ThismanualaddressesthefeaturesandcapabilitiesofthePreandSolvemodulesandincludestheprocedureusedtorunPostaspartofSACSIV.ThePostmanualaddressestheexecutionofthepostprocessorasaseparatestepandincludesadetaileddiscussionontheprogramcapabilities.

1.2PROGRAMFEATURES

SACSIVrequiresaSACSmodelfileoroutputstructuraldatafileforexecutionandcreatesacommonsolutionfilecontaininganalysisresults.

SomeofthemainfeaturesandcapabilitiesofSACSIVare:

1. Allowsspecificationofvariousinputoptions,analysisoptions,andoutputreportswithinthemodelfile.2. AllowsspecificationofpostprocessoroptionswithinthemodelfileandcanautomaticallyexecutePOST.3. CanaccessmemberpropertiesfromoneofvarioussectionpropertyfilesincludedwiththeSACSsystem,fromuserdefinedsectionpropertyfilesorfromsections

definedwithinthemodelfile4. Supportsvariousbeamelementtypesincluding:

a. Tubularb. Channelc. Angled. Teee. PlateGirderf. Prismaticg. Coneh. Box&StiffenedBoxi. StiffenedCylinderj. LaunchRunnerk. JackupLegl. DoubleAngle

m. RectangularTuben. DoubleWebPlateGirdero. BoxedPlateGirderp. BoxedPlateGirderq. UnsymetricPlateGirder

5. Supportsvarioussixdegreeoffreedomtriangularandquadrilateralplateelementtypesincluding:

a. Isotropicb. Membranec. Sheard. Stiffenede. Corrugated

6. Contains6,8and9nodetriangularandrectangularshellelements.7. Containsthefollowingsolidelementsshapes:

a. 4nodetetrahedronb. 5nodepyramidc. 6nodewedged. 8nodebrick

8. Beamandfiniteelementoffsets.9. Rotationalandtranslationalmemberreleases.

10. Springsupportstogroundincludingatobliqueangles.11. Localandglobalelementloads.12. Memberlinearandconcentratedloadsinlocalorglobalcoordinatesystem.13. Jointloads.14. Thermalloads.15. Specifiedsupportdeflections.16. Supportstaperedsections.17. SupportstwoanalysistechniquesforplateelementsincludingDKTandtraditionalplatebeamstriptheory.

SomeofPostmodulefeatureswhichcanbespecifieddirectlyinthemodelfileare:

1. Membercheckcodeincluding:AISC,APIRP2A,Eurocode3,ISO,NorwegianPetroleumDirectorateandDanishOffshore,etc.2. APIandDNVhydrostaticcollapseanalysis.3. API2Uand2VBulletins4. Eulerbucklingcheckforsegmentedmembers.5. Automaticmemberredesign.6. Allowablestressmodifiers.7. Finiteelementcodecheckandstiffenerstressoutput.

Note:RefertothePostUser=sManualforadetaileddiscussionofthepostprocessormodulecapabilities.

1.3SACSIVMODELCOMPONENTS

TheSACSIVmodelfileisthestandardinputforalltypesofanalysesintheSACSSystem.Theuserneedgenerateonlyonestructuralmodelthatcanbeusedinanytypeofanalysis.

ThemodelfilecanbegeneratedbyvariousSACSprogrammodules.Precede,DataGeneratororatexteditorisusedtocreatetheanalysisoptions,modelgeometryanduserdefinedloading.SeastateorWaveResponseisusedtogenerateenvironmentalloadingdataresultingfromwave,wind,current,deadweightandbuoyancy.Launch,FlotationorTowisusedtogenerateloadsinducedbyajacketlaunch,upendingsequenceoftransportationrespectively.Themodelfileismadeupofthefollowing:

1. AnalysisOptions2. PostProcessorOptions3. MaterialandSectionPropertyData4. ElementData5. JointData6. LoadData

1.4ANALYSISOPTIONS

AnalysisoptionsmaybespecifiedinthemodelfileormaybedesignatedwhencreatingtherunfileusingtheExecutive.OptionsspecifiedinthemodelfileareinputontheOPTIONSinputlineasfollows:

1. Unitsmustbespecifiedincolumns1415a.ENEnglishb.MNMetricwithKNforcec.MEMetricwithKgforce

2. CreateSuperElement(column10)3. ImportSuperElement(column9)4. Consider/Ignorememberreleases(columns2122)5. Include/Excludesheareffects(columns2324)6. IncludePDeltaeffectsintheanalysis(columns1718)

ThefollowingsampleinputdesignatesEnglishunits,astandardanalysis(columns1920blank)andincludesheareffects:

Twoanalysistechniquesforplateelementsaresupported,,DKT(DiscreteKirchhofftheory)andtraditionalplatebeamstriptheory.Bydefault,DKTplatetheoryisused.EnterNDincolumns3637tousethetraditionalbeamstripmethod.

Note:Forsomestructures,axialforcehasasignificanteffectonthelateralstiffnessoftheelements.ThePDeltaoptiongivesafirstorderapproximationoftheseeffects.UsingthePDeltaoptionrequiresspecifyingPDeltaloadcases(ie.theloadcasesusedtodeterminetheaxialforceinthemember)usingtheLCSELlinewiththe>PD=option.

Twoanalysistechniquesforsolidelementsaresupported,traditionalconstantstrain3degreeoffreedomsolidsandisoparametric6degreeoffreedomsolids.Bydefault,constantstrain3DOFsolidsareused.Enter6incolumn71tousetheisoparametric6DOFsolids.

Solidjointorderinghastwooptionsaswell.Bydefault,solidsjointsareorderedsuchthatflatplanesinsolidelementsbecomesolidfaces.AmorerobustorderingschemewhichallowssolidfacewarpagemaybespecifiedwithanRincolumn72.

1.5POSTPROCESSOROPTIONS

PostprocessoroptionsmaybespecifiedintheSACSmodelfilebutarenotrequired.ThepostprocessoroptionsspecifiedareusedasdefaultsbythePostandPostvueprogramsandmaybemodifiedinthePostinputfile.

Note:APostinputfileisnotnecessaryifthepostprocessingoptionsspecifiedinthemodelfilearetobeused.

Thefollowingisabriefdiscussionofthepostprocessingoptionsthatmaybespecifiedinthemodelfile.ThePostUsersManualaddressesthesefeaturesindetail.

1.5.1MemberCheckCode

ThecodethatmemberstressesaretobecheckedwithrespecttoisspecifiedontheOPTIONSlineincolumns2526.

1.5.2MemberCheckLocations

ThelocationsatwhichtochecknonsegmentedandsegmentedmembersarespecifiedontheOPTIONSlineincolumns2930and3132respectively.

Fornonsegmentedmembers,thenumberofequallengthpiecesthememberistobedividedintoshouldbestipulated.Forsegmentedmembers,specifythenumberofpieceseachsegmentofthememberistobedividedinto.Ineithercase,thememberischeckedatthebeginningandendofeachpiece.

1.5.3OutputReports

ThedesiredoutputreportsaredesignatedontheOPTIONSinputline.Formemberreports,whenPTisenteredintheappropriatecolumns,allmembersarereportedunlessSKappearsontheindividualMEMBERline.WhenSEisspecifiedforamemberdetailreport,onlymemberswithRPontheMEMBERlinearereported.

1.5.4RedesignParameters

Ifautomaticredesignisdesired,theparametersaredesignatedontheREDESIGNinputlines.

1.5.5HydrostaticCollapseParameters

HydrostaticcollapseparametersarespecifiedontheHYDROinputline.Fullhydrostaticcheckincludingactualmemberstressesduetoaxialforces,bendingandhoopstresscanbeperformedbythePostprogram.

1.5.6GroupingElementsbyUnityCheckRatio

Elementswithunitycheckratiosthatfallwithinadefinedrangecanbeprintedtogetherasareportgroup.UptothreerangesmaybedefinedusingtheUCPARTinputline.

Forexample,allelementswithunitycheckratiogreaterthan1.00canbereportedinthefirstreport,elementswithunitycheckratiobetween0.8and1.0inthesecondandelementswithunitycheckratiobetween0.5and0.8inthethirdreport.

1.5.7AllowableStress/MaterialFactor

ForAPI/AISCworkingstressanalysis,thecalculatedallowablestressesforaloadcase(orloadcombination)canbemodifiedbyspecifyingtheloadcasenameandtheappropriateallowablestressfactorontheAMODline.

ForNPDanalysis,thematerialfactorusedforallloadcasesisspecifiedusingtheAMODline.Onlyonematerialfactormaybespecifiedanditmustbedesignatedforthefirstloadcaseinthemodel,althoughitwillbeusedforallloadcases.mE

ForDanishcodeanalysis,thefactorsmandEselectedontheGRUPlinecanbechangedforallmembersbyusingtheAMODline.Onlyonefactormaybespecifiedanditmustbedesignatedforthefirstloadcaseinthemodel,anditwillbeusedforallloadcases.Thisisusefulforblastanalysis.

1.5.8ResistanceFactors

TheresistancefactorsindicatedbyAPIareusedbydefaultwhenselectingLRFDcodes.TheusercanspecifythatresistancefactorsindicatedforAISCorAPIseismiccodesaretobeusedbyenteringCorSincolumn40ontheOPTIONSline.

Forexample,thefollowinglinespecifiesthatresistancefactorsindicatedbyAISCaretobeused.

1.5.9UserDefinedResistanceFactors

TheusercanmodifytheresistancefactorstobeusedforLFRDanalysesusingtheRFLRFDline.Theresistancefactorsforyield,axialcompression,axialtension,bending,shearandhoopcapacitiesfortubularandnontubularmemberscanbeentered.

Forexample,thefollowinglinespecifiesthat1.0istobeusedforaxialcompressionandtensionforbothtubularandnontubularmembers.

Note:Whenspecifyingresistancefactors,thedefaultvaluesontheRFLRFDlineareusedforfieldsinwhichnooverridehasbeenspecified.

1.5.10EuroCodeCheckOptions

TheOPTIONSlinehasbeenupdatedtoincludethenewcodecheckoptionforEurocode3EN199311:2005enterE5atcolumn2526ofOPTIONSlineforthenewcode.Whenthiscodeisactivated,thenontubularmemberswillbecheckedforEurocode3:2005.Currently,thecrosssectionsofWideFlange,PlateGirder,WeldedBox,RolledRectangularTube,DoubleWebPlateGirder,andBoxedPlateGirderaresupported.ThetubularandconicalmemberswillbecheckedaccordingtoNorsokN0042004.ForEurocode3EN199311:v1992,theIDisstillECinOPTIONSlineasbefore.

TheCODEEClinecanbeusedtomodifythedefaultEurocodecheckoption,shearareaoption,theresistancefactorsM0valueandtheM1value.ForEurocode3:2005,themethodforinteractionfactors,theoptionofnationalannexes,andthefactorofshearbucklingcanbemodifiedorselectedintheCODEline.Formoredetails,pleaserefertothelinedescriptioninthemanual.

1.5.11SpanDesignation

TheSPANinputlinecanbeusedtoidentifyanalyticalbeamelementsthatmakeupphysicalmembersforserviceabilityandcodecheckrequirementsbyenteringthejointsinorderofoccurrenceinthespan.Anynumberofmemberscanbeincludedinacontinuousline.CantilevermemberscanalsobeanalyzedbutmustbespecifiedbyenteringCincolumn14oftheSPANline.Momentdiscontinuitiesandmomentmemberendreleasesareallowedalongthecontinuousmember,however,forceendreleasesarenotallowed.

Note:ThebeamelementlocalxaxesofallelementsdefinedintheSPANlinearerequiredtobeactinginthesamedirection.

1.5.12AISC2005(13thEdition)Options

InusingAISC2005,theuserhastwooptionscorrespondingtoASDdesignandLRFDdesign.IfoptionAAisselectedincolumns2526onOPTIONSline,thiswillactivatecodecheckbyASDmethodofAISC2005fornontubularmembersandWSDmethodofAPIRP2A21steditionfortubularmembers.IfoptionALisselectedthenthiswillactivatecodecheckbyLRFDmethodofAISC2005fornontubularmembersandLRFDmethodofAPIRP2ALRFD1steditionfortubularmembers.

1.5.13PanelCodeCheckOptions

Column35oftheOPTIONSlinecanbeusedforselectingcodechecksforstiffenedorunstiffenedpanels.EnterAforAPIBULL2VorDforDnVRPC201.CurrentlyonlyDnVRPC201codeofpracticeisimplemented

TheDnVRPC201platepanelcodecouldbeusedinaccordancetoeithertheLRFDorWSDstandardsbyspecifyingtheappropriatecodecheckoptionsincolumn2526ofOPTIONSline.

ThePCODEinputlineforDnVRPC201codeofpracticemaybeusedtoinputuserdefinedparameters.CurrentlyalltheoptionsinthislineareonlyapplicabletoDnVRPC201codeofpractice.ThefollowinginputcanbedefinedonthePCODEline.

a.Column1419:materialfactorM(default1.15).

b.Column20:Methodselectionforeffectivewidthcalculationofgirdersinaccordancetosection8.4(Method2isthedefault).Thisoptionisonlyvalidfororthogonallystiffenedpanels.

c.Column2125:EnteranallowableusagefactoraccordingtoWSDstandardifthepaneltobecheckedinaworkingstressdesignstandard(WSD)(default0.6).

Note:IftheWSD(sometimesalsoreferredtoasASD)codeisselectedincolumns2526ofOPTIONSline,thentheplatepanelwillbecheckinaccordanceWSDstandardusingtheuserspecifiedusagefactorfromthePCODEline.Ifcolumns2125ofPCODElineareleftblank,thenthedefaultusagefactorof0.6willbeused.However,iftheLRFDcodeisselectedincolumns2526ofOPTIONSline,thentheplatepanelwillbecheckinaccordancetotheLRFDstandard.Inthiscase,theusagefactorfromcolumns2125ofPCODElinewillbeignoredevenifavaluehasbeenspecified.

d.Columns2631:Thealphalimitfornonrectangularpanels(default10degrees).Ifthislimitexceededforanypanelthentheprogramwillissueawarningmessagetoremindtheuserthatanequivalentrectangularpanelusingalargerdimensionsparalleltostiffener(s)ofthefirststiffenedplateinthepanel

willbeusedforthecodecheck.

e.Column3237:Limitforpanelcoplanarcheck(defaultto400,i.e.coplanarcheckwillbelimitedtopanellength/400andpanelwidth/400whicheverisless).

1.5.14ISOcodecheckoptions

ISO19902:2007codecheckontubularmembers,conicaltransitions,anddentedandgroutedmembershasbeensupported.IScodeoptioncanbeselectedonOPTIONSline.ISO199013:2010containsrequirementsandguidancefortopsidesstructures.Inordertospecifytheassociatedcodecheckoptionfornontubularstructuralmembers,CODEISlinemustbeused,whereusermaychooseEurocode3:2005,Eurocode3:1992,AISC13th2005LRFD,CanadianCSAS162009,andNS3472.Theresistancefactorsoftubularorconicalsectionsunderaxialtension,compression,bending,shearandhoopcompressioncanbemodifiedinCODEISline.Ifnecessary,thecorrespondingresistancefactorsforEurocode3codescanbeenteredinCODEECline,forAISC13thLRFDcodeinRFLRFDline,andforCanadiancodeinRFLRFDlinetoo.NotethatthebuildingcodecorrespondencefactorKcinISO199013isnotsupportedincodecheckandstillunderinvestigation.Formoredetails,pleaserefertotheassociatedlinedescriptionincardimage.

1.5.15NorsokStandardN004codecheckoptions

NorsokStandardN004"Designofsteelstructures"specifiesguidelinesandrequirementsfordesignanddocumentationofoffshoresteelstructuresandhasbeenupdatedtoRev3,2013.SACSsupportbothRev2,2004andRev3,2013intubularmembersandconicaltransitionscodecheck.EnterNSatcolumn2526ofOPTIONSlineforv2004and"NC"forthelatest2013code.ThenontubularmembersarecheckedbyNS3472for"NS"option,andbyEurocode3:2005for"NC"option.ForEurocode3code,thecorrespondingresistancefactorscanbeenteredinCODEECline.

Note:SectionAnnexK.5.3GroutedconnectioninNorsokN004isnotsupportedinSACS.Forfatigueanalysis,pleaserefertoSACSFatiguemanualfordetails.Forsimpletubularjointdesign,pleaserefertoSACSJointCanmanual.

1.5.16ALSloadcasesspecification

Ingeneral,ULS(ultimatelimitstate)isthedefaultstateinmembers'LRFDcodecheck.InordertodoALS(accidentallimitstate)analysis,userneedstomodifytheassociatedresistancefactorsandrunaseparatedpostprocessinganalysis.SACSnowsupportspecifyingloadcasesasULSorALSinonepostprocessingmembercodecheck.ThisfeatureisperformedbyusingAMODlinesandworksonlyforNorsokStandardN004,Eurocode3,andISO19902codes.InAMODlines,loadcaseswithAMODvaluespecifiedto2.0areconsideredasALSwhosepartialresistancefactorsormaterialfactorsaremodifiedto1.0automaticallyincodechecktheloadcaseswithoutAMODvalue(default)orAMODvaluesetto1.0areULSwithappropriateresistancefactors.Notethat,NorsokStandardN004doesnotallowthematerialfactorMinULSloadcasetobemodified,whichequalsto1.15forEurocode3andISO19902,usermaydefineULSresistancefactorsinCODEECorCODEISline,respectively.

1.6SELECTINGLOADCASESFOROUTPUT

Theloadcasesforwhichoutputresultsaredesired,maybedesignatedinthemodelfileusingtheLCSELline.Foraparticularanalysistype,resultsonlyforloadcasesspecifiedforthattypearereported.

Specifyloadcasesincolumns1775andtheanalysistypetowhichthelistofloadcasespertainincolumns78asfollows:

STStandardstaticanalysisand/orPSIanalysisGPGapelementanalysisDYConverttomassforDynpacanalysisPDDesignatesgravityloadusedtodeterminePDeltaeffectsforsecondorderanalysisand/ormomentmagnifiersforconcreteelementsinfirstorderanalysis.

LeavefunctionblankiftheloadcaseslistedaretobeusedforstandardSTanddynamicDYfunctions.

Forexample,thefollowinglinesdesignatethatloadcasesGRAV,ST01andST02aretobeusedforstandardanalyses,whileloadcasesBOATandMISCaretobeconvertedtomasswhenrunningDynpac.

Note:MorethanoneLCSELlinemaybeused.IfnoLCSELlineisspecified,allloadcasesareusedforstandardanalysis.

1.6.1PDeltaLoadCases

Thelateralstiffnessofanelementisafunctionofaxialforcesuchthataxialcompressionreducesthelateralstiffnesswhileaxialtensionincreasesthelateralstiffness.Fortypicallinearstaticanalysis,theeffectofaxialforceonthelateralstiffnessisnegligible.Forsomestructures,howevertheaxialforcedoeshaveasignificanteffectonthelateralstiffnessoftheelements.ThePDeltaoptiongivesafirstorderapproximationoftheseeffects.

WhenusingthePDeltaoption,theprogramcalculatesthelateralstiffnessofeachmemberusingareferenceaxialforceobtainedfromtheloadcasesdesignatedasPDeltaloadcases.

Forexample,ifmostoftheaxialloadintheelementsofastructureisduetodeadloadingorotherverticalloading,thecorrespondingloadcasesshouldbedesignatedasPDeltaloadcases.ThelateralstiffnessforeachmemberwillthenbedeterminedconsideringtheaxialforceduetothedesignatedPDeltaloadcases.

ThefollowingdesignatesthatloadcasesDEAD,MISC,EQPTandAREAaretobeusedtoincludetheeffectsaxialloadhasonlateralstiffness.

Note:Iftwodifferentdesignloadcasescausecompletelydifferentaxialloading,thenaseparateanalysismustberunforeachofthedesignloadcase.Forexample,ifonecasecausessignificantaxialcompressionwhileanothercausessignificantaxialtension,separateanalysesmustbeexecuted.

1.6.2LargeDeflectionorPDeltaAnalysis

WhenchoosingbetweenlargedeflectionorPDeltaoptionsforanalysis,somefactorsshouldbeconsidered.PDeltaanalysisgivesafirstorderapproximationoftheeffectofaxialforceonthelateralstiffnessofthestructure.Largedeflectionanalysisisahigherorderapproximation.Assuch,thePDeltaoptionisusefulforstructuresinwhichthelateraldeflectionislessthan10%ofthetotalstructureheight(groundsupportedstructures).Forexample,ina300footplatform/towerassembly,PDeltaanalysiswouldbevalidfortowerdeflectionsinanydirectionoflessthan30feet.PDeltaanalysisislimitedtothedeflectionofframedstructures(beams).Forstructuresconsistingofplates

orothersolidelements,PDeltaanalysisdoesnotapplyandtheuseofthisanalysiswillnotmakeanydifferenceintheresults.

Largedeflectionanalysisisusedwhenloaddependentdeflectionsordiaphragmactioniscommon.UnlikePDeltaanalysis,largedeflectionanalysisislimitedtooneloadcaseperrun.Forexample,aplatedboilermightbeanalyzedwithlargedeflectionanalysis,beingasthelargeplatedeflectionswillcausetheboilerwallstobehavelikeadiaphragmwithmembraneactionratherthanalinearplatewithonlybendingstiffness.

1.7FACTORINGLOADCASES

LoadcasesmaybefactoredforparticulartypesofanalysesusingtheLCFACline.Specifyloadcasesincolumns1775,thefactortobeappliedincolumns1116andtheanalysistypetowhichtheloadfactorpertainsincolumns78asfollows:

STStandardstaticanalysisand/orPSIanalysisDYConverttomassforDynpacanalysisLeavefunctionblankiftheloadcaseslistedaretobeusedforstandardSTanddynamicDYfunctions.

Forexample,thefollowinglinesdesignatethatloadcasesBOATandMISCaretobefactoredby0.5whenconvertedtomassforDynpac.

Note:MorethanoneLCFAClinemaybeused.Whenloadcasefactorsarespecified,theloadcaseisfactoredbeforebeingappliedtoanyloadcombinations.

1.8MATERIALANDSECTIONPROPERTYDATA

EachbeamandplateelementintheSACSmodelisassignedtoagroupwhichcontainsthematerialandsectionpropertydataforallelementsassignedtothatgroup.Elementswiththesamenumberofsegmentsandidenticalstructural,materialandcodecheckpropertiesmaybeassignedtothesamegroup.

1.8.1SectionProperties

Thefollowingsectiondetailsdefiningsectionpropertiesforbeamandfiniteelements.

1.8.2NonTubularMembers

SectionpropertiesfornontubularbeamelementsaredefinedbythesectionreferencedontheGRUPlineofthegrouptheelementisassignedto.Referencedsectionsthataredefinedinthesectionlibraryfileneednotbedefinedinthemodelfile.NontubularsectionsthatarenotdefinedinthesectionlibraryfilemustbedefinedinthemodelfileusingaSECTIONline.

WhendefiningsectionpropertiesusingaSECTIONline,thesectionnameisdesignatedincolumns612,thesectiontypein1618andthedimensionsin5080.Crosssectiontypessupportedare:

1. Tubular2. WideFlange3. CompactWideFlange4. Box5. Tee6. GeneralPrismatic7. Channel8. PlateGirder9. Angle

10. Cone11. StiffenedBox12. StiffenedCylinder

Stiffnesspropertiesarecalculatedfromthedimensionsinputbutmaybeoverriddenincolumns1948.Whenoverridingstiffness,allvaluesmustbeinput.

Note:Iftheuserinputsanyofthecrosssectionproperties(column19to48ontheSECTline),theprogramwillusetheinputvalueofthecglocation.Otherwisetheprogramcomputesitusingthecrosssectiondimensions.Stiffnessvaluesforanglecrosssectionsmaynotbeoverridden.

ThefollowingsampledefinestheplategirdersectionPLGRD2referencedbygroupZB1andboxsectionRECTANG.Theboxsectionhasstiffnessvaluesspecified.SectionW24X76referencedbygroupW02isobtainedfromthesectionlibraryfile.

Note:Whenusingsectionsdefinedinthesectionlibraryfile,thesectionlabelspecifiedonthemembergrouplinemustmatchthenameinthelibraryfileexactly.Also,sectionsdefinedinthelibraryfilemaybeoverriddenbydefiningthesamesectioninthemodelfile.

Angle,teeandbulbcrosssectionsmaybeutilizedasstiffeningelements.Forexample,ifthestemofateecrosssectioniscontinuouslyconnectedtoaplateorgirderstructure,thentheteecrosssectionwillreinforcethestructuretowhichitisattached.Tospecifythatanangle,teeorbulbcrosssectionistoserveasastiffener,enterSincolumn15oftherelevantSECTline.ThefollowingdesignatesthatanglecrosssectionSTFANGLwillbeusedasacontinuouslyconnectedstiffenerinthemodel.

Note:Onlyangle,teeandbulbsectionsusedasstiffenersmaybe

specifiedinthismanner.

1.8.3TubularMembersFortubularsections,sectionpropertiescanbedefinedonaSECTIONlineorcanbecalculateddirectlyfromtheoutsidediameterandwallthicknessinputontheGRUPline.WhenasectionlabelisspecifiedontheGRUPline,thepropertiesaredeterminedfromtheinputonthecorrespondingSECTIONline.ThesectionlabelfieldshouldbeleftblankwhensectionpropertiesaretobedeterminedfromtheoutsidediameterandwallthicknessspecifiedontheGRUPline.

ThefollowingdefinestubulargroupsBL1andBL2.ThepropertiesfromBL1aredesignatedontheGRUPlinewhilethepropertiesforgroupBL2areobtainedfromsectionCAN105definedusingasectionline.

1.8.4GroutedTubularMembers

Groutedsectionsaredefinedusingatubularsection.TheODandthicknessofeachoftheconcentrictubesmustbespecifiedontheSECTIONline.Forpurposeofdeterminingtheweight,theannulusisassumedtobefilledwithgrout(150#/ft3).Forstiffnesspurposes,however,thegroutintheannulusisignored.

ThefollowingdefinesthegroutedleggroupGL2usingsectionGLEG103whichcontains103.ODand90.0ODconcentrictubulars.

1.8.5DentedTubularMembers

DentedtubularsectionsaredefinedusingaSECTIONlinewithDTBincolumns1618.TheODandthicknessofthetubularmustbespecifiedontheincolumns5055and5660,respectively.Thedentdepthandgroutfillratioareinputincolumns6166and6771.Ifthesectionisbentandthebendisnotaccountedforusingoffsetsoradditionaljoints,entertheoutofstraightnessincolumns7276.

ThefollowingdefinesthedentedsectionDENT24as24x1.0withadentdepthof4inches.Nogroutisincluded.

Note:ThedentpointsinthelocalZdirectionandissymmetricaboutthelocalXZplane.Thedentlengthisthelengthofthememberorthelengthofthesegment.ThelocalZdirectioncanbeorientedrelativetothedefaultusingachordangleincolumns3641ofthecorrespondingMEMBERline(orareferencejointincolumns4245).

1.8.6SegmentedMembers

Thesectionlabeldefiningthecrosssectionproperties,orthediameterandwallthicknessfortubularmembers,foreachofthemembersegmentsisspecifiedontheGRUPlinecorrespondingtothatsegment.SeetheexampleintheSegmentedMembersundertheMaterialPropertiesSection.

1.8.7PlateElements

SectionpropertiesofaplateelementaredeterminedfromthethicknessspecifiedonthePLATElineforisotropicplatesthatarenotassignedtoplategroupsortheappropriatePGRUPlineformembrane,shear,andcorrugatedplatesorforisotropicplatesassignedtoagroup.ThepropertiesofstiffenedplatesaredeterminedfromtheplatepropertiesspecifiedonthePGRUPlineandstiffenersspecifiedonthePSTIFinputline.

ThefollowingdefinesplatesAAAAandAAAB.ThethicknessforAAAAisdefineddirectlyonthePLATElinewhileAAABisobtainedfromthePGRUPlinedefininggroupP01.

1.8.8ShellandSolidElements

SectionpropertiesofashellelementaredeterminedfromthethicknessspecifiedontheSHELLlineforisotropicshellsthatarenotassignedtoshellgroupsviatheSHLGRPline.Solidelementshavenosectionpropertiesparticulartotheelement.

1.8.9MaterialProperties

1.8.10MembersorBeamElements

Forbeamelements,materialpropertiessuchasmodulusofelasticity,shearmodulus,yieldstress(andshearareafactorfortubulars),arespecifiedontheappropriateGRUPline.ThegrouptowhichthememberisassignedisdesignatedontheMEMBERline.

ThefollowingdefinesthematerialpropertiesforgroupsBL1andBL2.

Note:Bydefault,theplategirderflangeyieldstressisassumedtobethesameasthewebyieldstress.Entertheflangeyieldstressincolumns4145oftheGRUPlinedefiningtheplategirdergroupifdifferentfromthewebyieldstress.

1.8.11TaperedMembers

TaperednonsegmentedelementsmaybedefinedusingtwoGRUPlines.ThepropertiesofthebeginningofthetaperaredefinedusingaGRUPlinewithBincolumn9whilethepropertiesattheendofthetaperaredefinedusingaGRUPlinewithEincolumn9.

Forexample,thefollowingdefinesataperedplategirderwiththebeginningdefinedbysectionPGIRD18andtheenddefinedbyPGIRD12.

Note:Thesectiontypemustbethesameateachendofthetaperedsegment.

ThepreviouscaseistheonlycaseinwhichmorethanoneGRUPlinecorrespondstoasinglesegmentmember.InthiscasedonotspecifyasegmentlengthoradifferenceinmaterialpropertiesinthetwoGRUPlines.Inallothercases,thenumberofconsecutiveGRUPlineswiththesamegroupnamecorrespondstothenumberofsegmentsinagroup.

Ifataperedbeamisneededwhosetopflangeisparalleltothelinebetweentheendpointjoints,itisnecessarytoaddtwointermediatejointsandsplitthememberintothreemembers,thefirsttapered,thesecondconstantcrosssection,andthethirdtapered.Thisisdoneasfollows:

TaperedsegmentedelementsaredefinedusingaGRUPlineforeachsegment.ThepropertiesofthegroupforthebeginningofthetaperaredefinedusingaGRUPlinewithBincolumn9whilethepropertiesofthegroupfortheendofthetaperaredefinedusingaGRUPlinewithEincolumn9.AGRUPlinewithaBincolumn9willstartataperwiththeendofthetapercrosssectionobtainedfromthenextGRUPline.AGRUPlinewithanEincolumn9willendataperwiththebeginningofthetaperdeterminedfromthepreviousGRUPline.

Forexample,thefollowingdefinesataperedplategirderwiththebeginningdefinedbysectionPGIRD12.ThemiddlesectionisconstantdepthdefinedbyPGIRD18andtheendisdefinedbyPGIRD12.

Note:Thesectiontypemustbethesameforeachsegmentofthetaperedmember.

Inasegmentedmember,theaxisofthememberbetweenthejointscorrespondstotheneutralaxisofeachsegmentinthemember.IntheprevioustaperedplategirderthetopandbottomflangesofthePGIRD12segmentwouldexpandtoreachthePGIRD18section.Inataperedsegmentedmember,thetopandbottomflangesarenotusuallyparalleltothelinebetweenmemberendpoints.

1.8.12SegmentedMembers

AseriesofGRUPlineswiththesamegrouplabelareusedtodefinethepropertygroupofasegmentedmember.Eachinputlinecorrespondstooneofthesegmentsofthatgroup.Materialpropertiesofthesegmentinadditiontothesegmentlengthmaybespecified.Forexample,groupLG1inthefigurebelowwouldbespecifiedusingthreegrouplinesasfollows:

Note:Thesegmentlengthforoneofthesegmentswasleftblanksothatitcanbedeterminedbytheprogram.Thisinsuresthatthesumofallsegmentlengthswillequalthememberlength.

Thesegmentlengthmayalsobeexpressedasafractionofthetotalmemberlength.Inthiscase,thefractionforeachsegmentmustbeenteredandthesummationofallsegmentlengthfractionsmustequalone.Ifanysegmentlengthisleftblank,itisassumedthattheremaininglengthsarelengthsratherthanfractions.

1.8.13PlateElements

MaterialpropertiesforplateelementsincludingYoungsModulus,PoissonsRatioandyieldstressarespecifiedontheappropriatePLATElineforisotropicplatesthatarenotassignedtoaplategrouporonthePGRUPlineformembrane,shear,corrugatedandstiffenedplatesorforisotropicplatesassignedtoaplategroup.Ifaplategroupistobeused,thegrouptowhichtheplateisassignedisdesignatedonthePLATElinedefiningtheelement.

ThefollowingdefinesthepropertiesforplategroupP01.

1.8.14ShellandSolidElements

Materialpropertiesforshellandsolidelementswhicharenotinputingrouplines(SHLGRPorSLDGRP,respectively)areinputdirectlyontheSHELLorSOLIDlinedefiningtheelement.

1.8.15StiffenerData

1.8.16PlateGirders

Bydefaultplategirdermembersareassumedtohavewebstiffenerspacingequaltothememberlength.Plategirderwebstiffenerspacingcanbedesignatedincolumns6569ontheGRUPlinedefiningtheplategirdergroup.

ThefollowingdesignatesahybridplategirdergroupnamedPG2thatreferencessectionPG36100.Theflangeyieldstressis50,thewebyieldstressis36andthewebstiffenerspacingisdesignatedas24.

1.8.17TubularMembers

Tubularmemberscancontainringand/orlongitudinalstiffenersasdefinedontheSECSCYlineimmediatelyfollowingtheSECTlinedefiningthetubularproperties.Enterthelongitudinalstiffenersectionnameincolumns915andthespacingincolumns1620.

Theringstiffenersectionisdefinedincolumns2127alongwiththeringspacingincolumns2832.

Note:Thebasicsectionproperties(i.e.ODandthickness)ofastiffenedtubularsectionmustbedefinedusingaSECTIONline.

Thefollowingdefinesastiffened48.0x1.0tubularsectionnamedSCY48X1withringstiffenersdefinedbysectionRSTIF1spacedat24.

Note:StiffenedtubularsectionscanbecodecheckedusingAPI2UBulletincriteriabyspecifyingPTincolumns6768ontheOPTIONSline.

1.9ELEMENTDATA

TheSACSsystemallowstheuseofbeam,plate,shelland/orsolidelementsinthemodel.

1.9.1MembersorBeamElements

BeamelementsarespecifiedonMEMBERlinesfollowingtheMEMBERheaderinputline.Beamelementsarenamedbythejointstowhichtheyareconnected.Inadditiontotheconnectingjoints,thepropertygrouplabelalongwithsomeoptionalpropertydataarespecifiedontheMEMBERline.Memberpropertiesspecified,suchasfloodcondition,Kfactors,averagejointthicknessanddensityoverridedataspecifiedontheGRUPline.

Thefollowingdefinesmember101201andassignsittopropertygroupGL2.

Note:Whenanaveragejointthicknessisentered,thememberlengthusedforEulerbucklingandhydrodynamicloadgenerationisshortedbytheaveragejointthickness.Anyexistingloadsarenotaffectednormodifiedwhenanaveragejointthicknessisspecified.

1.9.2MemberLocalCoordinateSystem

Eachmemberhasanassociatedlocalcoordinatesystemwhichloadsandstressesmaybedefinedwithrespectto.Thedefaultmemberlocalcoordinatesystemisdefinedas:

ThememberlocalXaxisisdefinedalongthememberneutralaxisfromthefirstconnectingjointspecifiedtowardthesecondconnectingjoint.

Formembersthatarenotvertical,i.e.localXaxisisnotparalleltoglobalZ,thelocalZaxisisdefinedasperpendiculartolocalXaxis,lyingintheplaneformedbytheglobalZandlocalXaxesandhavingapositiveprojectionalongtheglobalZaxis.TherighthandruleisusedtodeterminethelocalYaxis.ThelocalZaxisforverticalmembers,i.e.memberswhoselocalXaxisisparalleltoglobalZ,isparalleltotheglobalYaxisandinthepositiveYdirection.ThelocalYaxisisdeterminedbyusingtherighthandrule.Seefigurebelow.

Thedefaultorientationofthememberlocalcoordinatesystemcanbeoverriddenbyspecifyingachord(beta)angleand/oralocalZaxisreferencejointontheMEMBERline.Whenachordangleisinput,thedefaultlocalcoordinatesystemisrotatedaboutthelocalXaxisbytheanglespecifiedfollowingtherighthandrule.TheZaxisreferencejointisusedwiththelocalXaxistodefinethelocalXZplane.ThelocalZaxisisdefinedsuchthatitisperpendiculartothememberandpositivetowardthereferencejoint.

1.9.3MemberInternalLoadandStressSignConvention

ThesignconventionusedbythePostprogrammoduleforreportingmemberinternalloadsandstressesisdependentonthememberlocalcoordinatesystemasfollows:

1. Axialtensionispositiveatbothendsofthememberwhilecompressionisnegativeatbothends.2. Positivebendingatbothendsofthemembercausesthecenterofthemembertodeflectdownwardorinthenegativedirectionofthelocalcoordinatesystem.3. Positiveshearforceisinthedirectionofthepositivelocalmembercoordinateatthebeginningofthememberandinthenegativelocalmembercoordinateattheendof

themember.4. Apositivetorsionvectorisoutwardatbothendsofthemember.

Thefigurebelowshowspositiveloadsandmomentsalongwithpositivestressesatthememberbeginningandend.

1.9.4MemberEndFixity

Bydefault,theendsofamemberarefixedtotheconnectingjointsforallsixdegreesoffreedom.However,anyofthesixdegreesoffreedommaybereleasedfromtheconnectingjointbyspecifyinga1intheappropriatecolumnontheMemberDescriptionline.Degreesoffreedomareinthememberlocalcoordinatesystem.

Forinstance,thestartofmember101102isfixedforaxialloadandshear.Thetorsion,momentYandmomentZdegreesoffreedomarethereforereleasedbyspecifying000111incolumns2328.Theendofthememberisfixedforalldegreesoffreedom.

1.9.5MemberOffsets

Memberoffsetsareusedtoshortenorlengthenthememberortomovethememberwhentheneutralaxisisnotlocatedonthelinebetweenitsconnectingjoints.Whenoffsetsarespecified,theprogramcreatesarigidlinkbetweentheneutralaxisofthememberendandtheconnectingjoint.

Theoffsetsdescribethelengthoftherigidlinkandmaybedescribedinlocalorglobalrectangularcoordinates.Thecoordinatesystemusedisspecifiedincolumn7ontheMEMBERline.Enter1forglobalcoordinatesystemor2forlocalcoordinatesystem.TheoffsetsaredefinedontheMEMBEROFFSETSlineimmediatelyfollowing

Thefollowingdefinesoffsetsintheglobalcoordinatesystemformember203301.

Note:Specifiedmemberendreleasesareappliedtotheconnectionbetweenthememberendandtherigidlink.

1.9.6Kfactors/EffectiveBucklingLength

Kfactorsoreffectivebucklinglength,butnotboth,maybespecifiedforbucklingaboutthelocalYandZaxes.KfactorsarespecifiedonthepertinentGRUPlineincolumns5259butmaybeoverriddenontheMEMBERlineincolumns5259.

WhenKfactorsareused,theeffectivebucklinglengthiscalculatedastheKfactormultipliedbytheactualmemberlength.WheneffectivelengthsarespecifiedontheMEMBERline,Lmustbeinputincolumn47.TheeffectivebucklinglengthisthendeterminedusingtheKfactorfromtheGRUPlinemultipliedbucklinglengthspecified.

Thefollowingdefinesmembers101201and201301.Theeffectivebucklinglengthformember101201isdeterminedusingtheKfactorsspecifiedforgroupT01sincenoKfactorsarespecifiedontheMEMBERline.Theeffectivelengthformember201301isdeterminedusingthebucklinglengthontheMEMBERlineandtheKfactorsspecifiedforgroupT01.

1.9.7UnbracedLengthofCompressionFlange

Thedistancebetweenbracingagainsttwistorlateraldisplacementofthecompressionflangeforuseincalculatingbendingallowablestressesfornontubularmembers,maybeinputontheGRUPorMEMBERlineincolumns6064.Thedefaultisthememberlength.

Thefollowingdesignatesthattheunbracedlengthofthecompressionflangeformember101201is5.

Note:ValuesspecifiedontheMEMBERlineoverridevaluesspecifiedontheGRUPline.

1.9.8ShearAreaFactorforTubularMembers

Fortubularmembers,thefactorwithwhichtomultiplythecrosssectionareaforpurposesofshearstresscalculations,maybeinputontheGRUPlineincolumns6569orontheMEMBERlineincolumns6064.

Thefollowingspecifiesashearareamodifierof0.5formember101501.

1.9.9SkippingfromOutputReports

AmembermaybeeliminatedfromoutputreportsbyinputtingSKontheMEMBERlineincolumns2021.IfSEwasdesignatedastheelementdetailreportoption,enterRPtohavethestressandunitycheckresultsreportedfortheparticularmember.Allmembersofagroupmaybeskippedfromoutputreportsbyspecifying9incolumn47oftheGRUPline.

1.9.10MultipleMembersBetweenTwoJoints

Amaximumoftwomembers,spanninginoppositedirection,areallowedbetweenthesametwojoints.Forexample,twomembersmaybemodeledbetweenjoints101and102,member101102andmember102101.However,allloadingappliedtothememberswillbeappliedtothefirstmemberspecified.Ingeneral,modelingtwomembersbetweenthesamejointsisapplicablewhenthesecondmemberisadummymemberusedonlytosimulateadditionalstiffness.

1.9.11DefiningSpecialElementTypes

1.9.12CableElement

CableelementsaredefinedusingstandardbeamelementsexceptthatadditionalmemberdataisspecifiedontheMEMB2line.Thetensionusedtodeterminethecablestiffnessisinputincolumns814ontheMEMB2line.

Thefollowingspecifiesatensionforceof10.0forcablemember101501.

Note:EnterAincolumn16ontheMEMBERlineifadditionalmemberdataisspecifiedontheMEMB2line.

1.9.13GapElement

Elementscanbedesignatedastensiononly,compressiononly,noloadorfrictionelementsforGapanalyses.Thegapelementtypemaybedesignatedonthemembergrouplineincolumn30orontheMEMBERlineincolumn22usingT,C,NorF,Release6:Revision0SACSSACSIV219respectively.

Note:Thegapelementtypeisonlyapplicablewhenrunningagapelementanalysisandisignoredforallotheranalysistypes.

1.9.14XBraceorKBrace

Bydefault,thebucklinglengthandKfactorsspecifiedontheGRUPandMEMBERlinesinthemodelareusedforunitycheckcalculationsforeachloadcase.

MembersmakingupanXbraceorchordmembersofaKbracenotbracedoutofplanemaybedesignatedassuchusingtheMEMB2line.TheMEMB2lineallowsdesignationoftheKfactorand/orbucklinglengthtobeusedforloadcaseswherethememberispartofanXbraceorthechordofaKbrace.

Note:TheXbraceorKbraceparametersareonlyappliedtotheaxisintheplaneoftheconnectionforloadcaseswherethememberisincompressionandthereferencemember(s)areintension.

ThebracetypeXorKisdesignatedincolumn15.Thememberlocalaxis,YorZ,thatliesintheplaneoftheXbraceorKbraceisenteredincolumn16.Enterthereferencemember(s)thatwillbecheckedfortensionincolumns1732.TheKfactorand/orbucklinglengthtobeusedforloadcaseswherethememberispartofanXbraceorthechordofaKbraceisdesignatedincolumns3338and3945,respectively.

Note:KbracesrequiretworeferencememberswhilethesecondreferencememberisoptionalforXbraces.

Thefollowingexampledefinesparametersformembers101109and105109whicharechordmembersofaKbracewhoselocalYaxeslieinthebraceplane.ThediagonalorKbracemembersare109110and109112.Forloadcaseswherechordmembers101109and105109areincompressionandmembers109110and109112areintension,aKfactorof0.8andabucklinglengthof11.15istobeused.Forotherloadcases,theKfactorandbucklinglengthspecifiedinthemodelfilearetobeused.

Thisexampledefinesparametersformembers301309and307309whicharechordmembersofanXbraceandmembers303309,305310and310309whichmakeupthetwobraceelementsframingintothechord.ThememberslocalYaxeslieintheplaneofthebrace.Formembers301309and307309,aKfactorof0.9andabucklinglengthof8.71istobeusedforloadcaseswherethememberisincompressionandtheotherpairofmembersframingintothechord,303309and310309,areintension.Formembers303309,305310and310309,aKfactorof0.9andabucklinglengthof8.55istobeusedforloadcaseswherethememberisincompressionandmembers301309and307309areintension.Forotherloadcases,theKfactorandbucklinglengthspecifiedinthemodelfilearetobeused.

1.9.15PlateElementsTheSACSsystemcontainsbothtriangularandquadrilateralorthotropicflatplateelements.Theelementisatrue6degreeoffreedomlinearstrainelement.Theorthotropicnatureoftheflatplateelementallowsforthemodelingofthefollowingplatetypes:Isotropic,Membrane,Shear,Stiffened&Corrugated.

Theappendicescontainadetaileddiscussionofeachplateelementtype.

1.9.16IsotropicPlatesForisotropicplateelements,theplatename,connectingjoints,thicknessandmaterialpropertiesmaybespecifiedontheappropriatePlateDescriptionline.Aplategroupisnotrequired.Ifaplategroupisspecified,thematerialpropertiesandthicknessareobtainedfromtheplategroupunlessoverriddenonthePLATEline.

ThefollowingdefinesplatesAAAAandAAAB.ThepropertiesofplateAAAAaredefineddirectlyonthePLATElinewhileplateAAABobtainspropertiesfromgroupP01.

1.9.17MembraneandShearPlates

APLATElinecontainingtheplatename,connectingjointsandplatepropertygroupnameisusedtodefinetheplate.Theplatetype,thicknessandmaterialpropertiesarestipulatedontheappropriatePGRUPline.AnyplatematerialpropertiesinputonthePLATElineoverridethosespecifiedfortheplategroup.

1.9.18StiffenedPlates

APLATElinecontainingtheplatename,connectingjointsandplatepropertygroupnameisusedtodefineastiffenedplate.Theplatetype,materialproperties,stiffenersectionlabels,stiffenerdirection,location(top,bottomorboth)andspacingarespecifiedontheappropriatePGRUPinputline.MultiplePGRUPlineshavingthesamegrouplabelcanbeusedtodescribeplateswithmorethantwosetsofstiffeners.PlatematerialpropertiesinputonthePLATElineoverridethosespecifiedfortheplategroup.

PlatestiffenercrosssectionsmaybeanyshapedefinablebytheSECTIONline.SpecialstiffenercrosssectionsnotavailableontheSECTIONlinemaybedefinedusingthePSTIFline.SectionsnotfoundinthesectionlibraryfilemustbedefinedinthemodelusingPSTIFlines.AnoutlineofPSTIFgeometryisshowninthediagramfollowing.

ThefollowingsampleshowsplateAAAAdefinedbygroupP01.GroupP01isastiffenedplategroupwithW12X26runningalongthelocalXaxisat100.0spacing.W12X26isasectiondefinedinthesectionlibraryfile.

1.9.19CorrugatedPlates

Corrugatedplatesarespecialplateswithacombinationofbothinplaneandoutofplanestiffness.CorrugatedplatesaregivendirectlyonthePSTIFlinebyspecifyingfourparametersA,B,C,andDasshowninthefollowingfigure.

ThefollowinginputdefinesacorrugatedplateAAABwithcorrugationsrunninginthelocalXdirection.Thethicknessoftheplateis0.25andthespacingCis12.TheAandBdimensionsare3and3,respectively.WiththestiffenerspacingunspecifiedonthePGRUPline,thestiffenerspacingdefaultstotheCdimension12.AspecificationofTorBfortoporbottomstiffenersisunnecessary.

Note:AvonMisescheckversusanallowableof0.6Fyisusedtocheckthecorrugatedplate.Bucklingisnotincludedintheplatemodelorcodecheck.Ifbucklingcanoccur,theplatethicknessmayrequireadjustmenttolimittheplatecapacity.ThenormallimitationsapplysuchasaspectratioandgriddensityaswithanyFEmodel.Sincethecorrugatedplatehassignificantoutofplanestiffness,adjacentmembersareassumedtosharetheloadwiththecorrugatedplate.

1.9.20PlateLocalCoordinateSystem

Likebeamelements,eachplateelementhasanassociatedlocalcoordinatesystemwhichloadsandstressesmaybedefinedwithrespectto.TheplatelocalXaxisisdefinedattheplatecenterlinefromthefirstconnectingjointspecifiedtothesecondconnectingjoint.ThelocalXYplaneisdefinedbythefirstthreejointswithlocalYaxisperpendiculartothelocalXaxistowardthethirdjoint.TherighthandruleisusedtodefinethelocalZaxis.

Forexample,plateAAABconnectedtojoints614,615,627and626hasalocalXaxisfromjoint614tojoint615.ThelocalYaxisisperpendiculartothelocalXaxisinthedirectionofjoint627.

1.9.21PlateOffsets

Plateoffsetsmaybeusedwhentheplatescenterplaneisnotlocatedattheplaneformedbytheconnectingjointsorwhenoneoftheedgesdoesnotcorrespondtoalinebetweenthejointstowhichitisconnected.Plateoffsetscanalsobeusedtogeneratethetransitionbetweentheflatplatesandbeamelements.SeetheCommentaryforadetaileddiscussion.

Whenanoffsetisstipulated,theprogramcreatesarigidlinkbetweentheplatecornerandtheconnectingjoint.Theoffsetsdescribethelengthoftherigidlinkandmaybedescribedinlocalorglobalrectangularcoordinates.ThecoordinatesystemusedisspecifiedonthePLATEline.

LocalZoffsetsmaybespecifieddirectlyonthePGRUPlineincolumns3641.Forstiffenedplates,theautomaticoffsetoption,whichcalculatestheoffsetsuchthatthecenterplaneoftheplateitselfliesinthejointplane,maybeselectedbyenteringZincolumn10.AnylocalZoffsetsspecifiedareaddedtothecalculatedoffsets.

ThefollowingdefinesplategroupsP01andP02containingalocalZoffsetof10.GroupP02isastiffenedplateandalsohastheneutralaxisoffsetoptiononsothattheoffsetismeasuredfromtheplatecenterinsteadoftheneutralaxis.

OffsetsdefiningthelocationoftheplateedgesaredesignatedonthetwoPLATEOFFSETSlinesimmediatelyfollowingthePLATEinputline.Thefirstoffsetlinecontainstheoffsetsforthefirsttwojoints,andthesecondcontainstheoffsetsforthethirdandfourth(optional)joint(s).Thecoordinatesystemthattheoffsetsaredefinedwithrespecttoisdesignatedincolumn43onthePLATEline.Enter1forglobalcoordinatesor2forlocalcoordinates.

ThefollowingdefinesplateAAABwithglobalXoffsetof10.0specifiedateachjoint.

1.9.22SkippingfromOutputReports

AplatemaybeeliminatedfromoutputreportsbyinputtingSKincolumns3132onthePLATEline.IfSEisdesignatedforelementdetailreportsontheOPTIONSline,enterRPincolumns3132tohavethestressandunitycheckresultsreportedfortheparticularplate.

1.9.23PlateModelingConsiderations

Unlikebeamelements,flatplateelementsarenotclosedformsolutions.Therefore,therearelimitationstothegeometryandmeshsizethatarenecessarytogenerateaccuratestressesanddeflections.ThefollowingsuggestionsaremadefortheuseofflatplatesintheSACSsystem:

1. Theaspectratio(widthversusheight)forplateelementssubjectedtooutofplanebendingshouldbelimitedto6to1forthreenodeplatesand3to1forfournodeplates.Iftheprimaryplateloadisintheplaneoftheplatethentheaspectratiocanbeincreasedto10to1forthreenodeplatesand5to1forfournodeplates.

2. Interiorangleswithinaplateshouldnotexceed180degrees.3. Fournodeplatesarelimitedto3degreesofoutofplanetolerancebetweentheRelease6:Revision0SACSSACSIV225fournodessuchthattheanglebetweenthe

normalstoanytriangularportionsofthefournodeplatecannotexceedthisvalue.4. Fordetailedstresses,ameshsizeoffournodesbyfournodeswillaccuratelyrepresentaflatplateforbothstiffnessandstresscalculations.Acoarsermeshspacingwill

resultinrelativelyaccuratestiffnessrepresentationbutstresscalculationsmaynotrepresentlocalstressvariationswithintheplate.5. Becausefournodeplatesarerepresentedinternallyby4threenodeplates,a4nodeplateisinherentlymoreaccuratethana3nodeplate.6. Platestressesfortraditionalbeamstriptheoryplatesareonlyreportedatthegeometriccenteroftheplate.PlatestressesforDKTplatesarereportedatthecorner

jointsandthegeometriccenter.Platestressesreportedatthegeometriccenterofplatesaretheoreticallymoreaccuratethanthoseatcornerjoints.

1.9.24ShellElements

TheSACSprogramcontains6nodetriangular,and8or9noderectangularisoparametric

shellelements.Shellelementscanhaveconstantthicknessorthicknessmaybespecifiedateachnode.Rigidlinkoffsetscanbemodeledateachnodetoallowforconnectioneccentricities.

Materialpropertiesincludingmodulusofelasticity,Poissonsratio,yieldstress,coefficientofthermalexpansionanddensityarespecifiedeitherontheSHLGRPlineorontheSHELLlineitself.Shellthickness,ifconstant,maybespecifiedeitherontheSHLGRPlineorontheSHELLline.Forshellswithvaryingthickness,thethicknessateachnodeisspecifiedontheSHELLTHICKlineimmediatelyfollowingtheSHELLlinedefiningtheelement.

1.9.25ShellLocalCoordinateSystem

Fortriangularshellelements,thelocalXaxisisdefinedfromnodeonethroughnodethree.

ThelocalYaxisisperpendiculartothelocalXaxisandliesintheplaneformedbynodesone,threeandfive.TherighthandruleisusedtodeterminethelocalZaxis.ThelocalXaxisforarectangularshellisdefinedbynodesoneandthree.ThelocalYaxisisperpendiculartothelocalXaxisandliesintheplaneformedbynodesone,threeandseven.ThelocalZaxisisdeterminedbytherighthandrule.Adetaileddiscussiononshellelementsislocatedintheappendices.

1.9.26IntegrationPoints

ThenumberofGaussianIntegrationpointsalongtheelementsurfaceisspecifiedeitherontheSHLGRPlineorontheSHELLlineitself.TheuserspecifiesFine,MediumorCoarseintegrationcorrespondingto13points,7pointsor3pointsrespectivelyfortriangularshells,or4x4,3x3or2x2meshrespectivelyforrectangularshells.Therearealsotwointegrationpointsthroughtheelementthicknessforbothtriangularandrectangularshellelements.

1.9.27ShellOffsets

Shelloffsetscanbemodeledateachnodetoallowforconnectioneccentricities.TheoffsetsarespecifiedontheSHELLOFFSETlineinglobalcoordinates.Twooffsetlinesarerequiredfor6nodeelementsandthreearerequiredforeightorninenodeelements.

1.9.28ShellElementReport

IfPTisdesignatedintheelementdetailreportfieldontheoptionsline,thestressdetailsforashellelementmaybeskippedbyinputtingSontheSHLGRPorSHELLline.IfSEorisdesignatedintheelementdetailreportfieldontheoptionsline,allshellelementdetailswillbeskipped.

1.9.29SolidElements

TheSACSprogramcontains4nodetetrahedron,5nodepyramid,6nodewedgeand8nodebricksolidfiniteelementshapes.Theelementsareconstantstrainelementsanddonotrestrainrotationatthenodes.Thesolidname,connectingjointsandmaterialpropertiesincludingmodulusofelasticity,Poissonsratio,yieldstress,coefficientofthermalexpansionanddensityarestatedeitherontheSLDGRPlineorontheSOLIDlineitself.

Beingasthesesolidfiniteelementsdonotcontaininherentrotationalstiffness,therotationaldegreesoffreedomforjointscontainedwithinonlysolidelementswillbeconstrained.SACSautomaticallygeneratestheconstraintsofrotationaldegreesoffreedomforjointswhichareexclusivelycontainedinsolids.Withtheextraconstraintsonsolidjoints,therewillbeextrareactionforcesgeneratedinthePostoutputfortheseconstraineddegreesoffreedom.

Inherentrotationaldegreesoffreedominsolidelementsmaybemodeledbyspecifying6incolumn71oftheOPTIONSline.Theseelementsareacondensationofhigherorderisoparametricsolidelements,withtherotationaldegreesoffreedombeingobtainedfrommidsidenodetranslationaldegreesoffreedom.

Jointorderinginsolidelementsisfree.Assuch,arbitraryjointordermaybeinputwiththeprogramdeterminingsolidfaces.Therearetwooptionsforjointordering:(1)thedefaultmethodwhichrequiresflatsolidfacesand(2)amorerobustschemeallowingsolidfacewarpage.Thesecondscheme,whichisspecifiedwithanRincolumn72oftheoptionsline,hastheadditionalfeatureofallowingtheprogramtobypassjointorderingforanysolidwhenanNisspecifiedincolumn44oftheSOLIDline(orcolumn

14oftheSLDGRPline).WiththedefaultjointorderingmethodanNspecifiedincolumn44oftheSOLIDline(orcolumn14oftheSLDGRPline)willmeanthatonly8nodebricksolidelementsarenotreordered.Thedefaultjointorderingforsolidsisshowninthefigure.

1.9.30SolidLocalCoordinateSystem

ThelocalXaxisisdefinedbynodesoneandtwo.ThelocalXYplaneisdefinedbynodesone,twoandthree.ThelocalYaxisisperpendiculartothelocalXaxis,positiveinthedirectionofnodethree.TherighthandruleisusedtodeterminethelocalZaxis.

1.9.31SolidOffsets

SolidoffsetscanbespecifiedtoaccountforeccentricitiesorelementtransitionsontheSOLIDOFFSETlinefollowingtheSOLIDlinedefiningtheelement.

Normallyoffsetsareusedtolocatetheelementrelativetotheconnectingjointsusingarigidlink.Offsetscanalsobeusedtogeneratetransitionsbetweensolidelementsandisoparametricshells,flatplates,andmembers.Forexample,ifafournodefaceofasolidelementisconnectedtoabeamorplateelement,thesolidfaceshouldbedescribedusingonlytwojointslyingatthecenteroftheface.Twojointsshouldbespecifiedasthefourconnectingjoints(i.e.101,102,102,101).Offsetsarethenspecifiedateachconnectingjointtooffsetthejointstothecornersoftheelement.Theresultingoffsetsolidelementwillformafull6degreeoffreedomtransitionconnectionbetweentheelements.

1.10JOINTS

JointsaredefinedontheJOINTinputlinewhichcontainsthejointname,globalcoordinatesandfixity.

1.10.1JointCoordinates

TheX,YandZglobaljointcoordinatesmaybeinputinfeet,inchesorfeetplusinchesforEnglishunitsorinmeters,centimetersormeterspluscentimetersformetricunits.Forexample,ajointwithanXcoordinateof25.50feetmaybeenteredas25.5feet,306.0inchesor25.0feetand6.0inchesasillustratedbythefollowingthreeJOINTlines:

AjointwithanXcoordinateof25.5metersmaybeenteredas25.5meters,2550.0centimetersor25.0metersand50.0centimetersasillustratedbytheinputlinesbelow:

1.10.2JointSupport/Fixity

Thejointsupportconditionorfixityofeachofthesixdegreesoffreedom(X,YandZtranslationandrotation)isspecifiedontheJOINTlineincolumns5560.

Bydefault,eachdegreeoffreedomisassumedfree.Ablankor0indicatesthatthedegreeoffreedomisfree.

1.10.3FixedtoGround

A1indicatesthatthedegreeoffreedomisfixedtoground.Forapinnedsupport,afixityof111orPINNEDshouldbespecified.Afixedsupportcanbespecifiedas111111orFIXEDincolumns5560.

Thefollowingshowsjoint297aspinned(i.e.111)andjoint298fixedforXandYtranslationandforrotationabouttheglobalZaxis(i.e.110001).

Note:Jointswithspringsupportsortowhichprescribeddisplacementsaredefinedmustbefixedtogroundforanydegreeoffreedomtowhichaspringvalueordisplacementisassigned.

1.10.4PileheadSupports

Jointsthroughwhichalinearstructureisconnectedtoanonlinearsystemarecalledpileheadsupports.Thestiffnessandloadmatricesofthelinearstructurearecondenseddowntothepileheadjointsinordertoaccountfortheeffectsofthelinearstructureinthenonlinearanalysis.ThisisrequiredwhenusingthePSImoduletoaccountforthenonlinearpile\soilinteraction.AjointisdesignatedasapileheadjointbyspecifyingPILEHDincolumns5560ontheJOINTline.

Thefollowingshowsjoint299asapileheadsupport.

Note:Forstaticlinearanalysis,jointswithPILEHDstipulatedasthesupportconditionareassumedtobefixedsupports.

1.10.5SpringSupports

Anyoralldegreesoffreedomofajointmaybedesignatedasatranslationorrotationelasticspringprovidedthatthedegreeoffreedomisdesignatedasfixed(i.e.1)ontherespectiveJointDescriptionline.ThespringconstantsforsprungdegreesoffreedomarespecifiedontheJointElasticSupportinputlineincolumns1253followingtheJointDescriptionlineandareenteredwithrespecttothesupportjointcoordinatesystem.Thesupportjointcoordinatesystemistheglobalcoordinatesystembydefault.

Thefollowingdefinesjoint297asapinnedsupportwithaspringconstantof1000.0fortheverticaldirection(Ztranslationdegreeoffreedom).

Whenallthreetranslationaland/orrotationaldegreesoffreedomaredesignatedassprings,thesupportjointcoordinatesystemmayberedefinedusingtworeferencejointsspecifiedincolumns7376and7780ontheJointElasticSupportline.ThesupportjointlocalXaxisisdefinedbythesupportjointandthefirstreferencejoint.ThelocalXZplaneisdefinedbythesupportjointandthereferencejointswiththelocalZaxisperpendiculartothelocalXaxis.

Forexample,joint297isdefinedaspinnedwithaspringconstantof100.0alongalinebetweenjoints297and505(supportlocalX).ThejointsupportcoordinatesystemXZplaneisdefinedusingjoint702.

Note:Degreesoffreedommustbesprungasasetwhenthesupportcoordinatesystemisredefinedbyreferencejoints.Therefore,sincethelocalYandZdegreesoffreedomaretobefixed,theywereassignedaveryhighspringconstant.

1.10.6RetainedforDynamics

Fordynamicanalysis,unrestraineddegreesoffreedomareconsideredasslavedegreesoffreedom.Specify2intheappropriatecolumntodesignateafreeDOFasamasterDOFfordynamics.

Forexample,joint297isfreeforstaticanalysisbuttranslationXandYdegreesoffreedomareconsideredmasterorretaineddegreesoffreedomformodeshapeextraction.

1.10.7MasterDegreesofFreedom

ThedisplacementcharacteristicsofajointmaybeappliedtootherjointsusingtheMASTERline.Thislinespecifiesmasterdegreesoffreedomforwhichallcoupledjointswillhaveidenticaldisplacements.Thisisusefulinmodelingrigidstructuralelementswhichattachtoabodyandsupplyuniformdisplacementforseveraljointsinastructure.Asaruleofthumb,coupledjointsshouldnotbecoupledforalldegreesoffreedomtypically,distinctpointsmaybeforcedtodisplacesimilarlybutmaynotrotatesimilarly.Thefollowingexamplespecifiesthatjoints22,23,24and25havethesameX,YandZdisplacement(1incolumns13,15and17,respectively)asmasterjoint20.

Note:Adegreeoffreedomforaparticularjointmaynotbecoupledtomorethanonemasterjoint.Similarly,amasterjointmaynotbecoupledtoanothermasterjoint.

1.11LOADING

TheSACSsystemsupportsloadingappliedatjointsandtomembers,platesandshellelements.LoadinginformationisgenerallyspecifiedafterallgeometryinformationinthemodelfileandmaybespecifiedbytheuserorgeneratedbyoneoftheSACSprogrammodules.AlinewithLOADspecifiedincolumns14isusedtosignalthebeginningoftheloadingsectionofthemodel.

1.11.1LoadConditions

RelatedloadingisusuallygroupedintoaLoadConditionorLoadCasewithauniquenamedesignation.Loadcasesarenamedusingupto4characters(numericoralphanumeric).

TheLoadConditionHeaderline,labeledLOADCN,signalsthebeginningoftheloadconditionspecifiedincolumns810.AllloadinginformationpertainingtothedesignatedloadconditionfollowsontheLOADlinesimmediatelyafter*.

Note:Platetemperatureloadandjointspecifieddeflectionsareexceptions.Seediscussionlaterinthissection.

1.11.2MemberDistributedLoadsandMoments

MemberdistributedloadsarespecifiedusingtheLOADlinetitledMemberDistributedLoadsbydesignatingtheappropriatememberjointnamesincolumns815andUNIFincolumns6669forloadandDMOMincolumns6669formoment.LoadingmaybespecifiedinthedirectionoftheglobalormemberlocalX,YorZcoordinateaxes.Ingeneral,thefollowingdatashouldbespecifiedfordistributedloadsormoments:

1. Thedistancefromthestartofthemembertothepositionthattheloadstarts,2. Themagnitudeperunitlengthoftheloadatthestartposition,3. Thedistancefromthestartpositiontothepositionthattheloadends,and4. Themagnitudeperunitlengthoftheloadattheendposition.

Ifthestartoftheloadcoincideswiththestartofthemember,thenthestartpositionoftheloadneednotbespecified.Furthermore,iftheendoftheloadcoincideswiththeendofthemember,thenthedistancefromtheloadstarttotheloadendneednotbespecified.

Thefollowingdesignatesadistributedloadformember101102appliedintheglobalZdirection.Theloadbegins1.0fromthebeginningofthememberwithamagnitudeof2.5k/ftandisappliedalongthememberfor5.0ft.Thefinalvalueis7.5k/ft.Member102103hasadistributedmomentaboutthelocalXaxis.Themomentatthebeginofthememberis0andincreaseslinearlyto10.0atthememberend.

Note:Thebeginningpositionoftheloadingormomentismeasuredfromthememberendandnotfromthebeginjoint.Theeffectsofoffsetsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenspecifyingthisposition.

1.11.3MemberConcentratedLoadsandMoments

MemberconcentratedloadsormomentsarespecifiedontheLOADlinetitledMemberConcentratedLoadsbydesignatingthememberjointnamesincolumns815andCONCorMOMTincolumns6669.Concentratedloadsormomentsmaybespecifiedwithrespecttotheglobalormemberlocalcoordinateaxes.ThedistancefromthebeginendofthemembertotheloadmustbespecifiedandshouldtakeintoconsiderationanymemberoffsetsalongthememberlocalXaxisatthebeginend.

ThefollowingdefinesaconcentratedloadintheglobalZdirectiononmember101102.Theloadmagnitudeis57.0andisappliedadistanceof4.5fromthebeginningofthemember.Also,amomentof345.isappliedaboutthelocalZaxisofmember101102atthesamelocation.

1.11.4MemberTemperatureLoads

Membertemperatureloadsarestipulatedbydesignatingthememberconnectingjoints,thecoefficientofthermalexpansionandTEMPintheappropriatecolumnsontheLOADlinetitledMemberTemperatureLoad.ConstanttemperaturechangesorlineartemperaturegradientsalongthememberlocalX,YorZaxismaybespecifiedwithrespecttotheambienttemperature.

FortemperaturechangesalongthelocalYorZaxis,thechangeattwosurfacesataspecifieddistanceapartareinput.Thedistancebetweenthetwosurfacesaremeasuredalongthememberlocalaxisspecifiedabouttheneutralaxis.Forchangesalongthememberaxis,thetemperaturechangeatthebeginningandendofthememberarespecified.

Note:Whenspecifyingthetemperaturechangesalongthemember,1.0shouldbeinputasthedistancebetweenthetemperaturesurfaces.

TheinputlinesforcasesA,B,C,DandEillustratedinthefigureaboveformember12wheredzis20,dyis8andthecoefficientofexpansionis0.65xE05followrespectively:

1.11.5JointLoads

LoadsonjointsaredesignatedusingtheLOADlinetitledJointLoads.Thejointname,forcesactingintheglobalX,YorZdirectionsand/ormomentsabouttheglobalX,YorZaxisarestipulated.GLOBandJOINarespecifiedincolumns6164and6669respectively.

ThefollowingdefinesaforceintheglobalYdirectionof50.0andamomentabouttheZaxisof345.0injoint123.

1.11.6JointSpecifiedDisplacements

Forceddisplacementsforjointdegreesoffreedomdesignatedasfixedtoground,maybespecifiedusingtheJOINTlinenamedJointSpecifiedDeflection.TheJointSpecifiedDeflectionlineshouldfollowimmediatelyafterthedefiningJointDescriptionlineinthemodelfile.Thejointname,thespecifiedtranslationsand/orrotationswithrespecttotheglobalcoordinatesystemandPERSETmustbespecified.TheloadconditiontowhichthedeflectionsapplyorALLforallloadconditionsisstipulatedincolumns6972.

Thefollowingdesignatesadisplacementof3.5intheglobalZdirectionatjoint123inloadcaseMISC.

Note:ThedegreeoffreedombeingdisplacedusingthePERSETlinemustbefixedtoground.

1.11.7PlatePressureLoads

PlatepressureloadscanbeapplieddirectlytotheplateusingtheLOADPRESlines.Pressureloadingcanbeappliedtoindividualplatesortoplategroupsasuniformpressureoralinearlyvaryingpressure.

1.11.8UniformPressure

Foruniformpressure,thepressureisdesignatedincolumns1723andthekeywordUNIFisspecifiedincolumns6669.Specifyeithertheplatenameorplategroupnameincolumns811or1315,respectively.

Thefollowingappliesauniformpressureloadof100toplateA001andallplatesingroupPLT.

1.11.9VaryingPressure

Forlinearingvaryingpressure,thepressureatthejointsisspecifiedincolumns1744andthekeywordJTJTisspecifiedincolumns6669.Specifyeithertheplatenameorplategroupnameincolumns811or1315,respectively.

ThefollowingappliesavaryingpressureonplateU002.

1.11.10SubmergedPressure

PressureloadsduetoheadcanbeapplieddirectlytoplateelementsusingtheLOADPRESlinewiththeSUBMkeywordspecifiedincolumns6669.

Entereithertheplatenameorplategroupincolumns811or1315,respectively.Thesurfaceelevationandwaterdensityareenteredincolumns1723and2430,respectively.

1.11.11PlateThermalLoads

PlatethermalortemperatureloadsarespecifiedontheLOADPTEMlinesintheloadingsectionofthemodel.Temperatureloadingmaybespecifiedforindividualplatesbyenteringtheplatenameincolumns811orforplategroupsbyenteringthegroupnameincolumns1315.Thecoefficientofthermalexpansionandplatetemperaturechangeswithrespecttotheambienttemperaturearerequired.

1.11.12UniformTemperature

UniformtemperaturechangeisdesignatedbytheUNIFkeywordincolumns6669andauniformtemperaturespecifiedincolumns1723.

ThefollowingshowsplateD100andallplatesingroupAAAwithauniformtemperatureof135inloadcaseT135.

1.11.13VaryingTemperature

AtemperaturechangeateachjointisdesignatedbytheJTJTkeywordincolumns6669.Thetemperatureateachjointisinputincolumns1744.

1.11.14SurfaceTemperature

SurfacetemperatureloadingisspecifiedusingtheTPBMkeywordincolumns6669.Entertheuppersurfaceandlowersurfacetemperaturesincolumns1723and2430,respectively.

ThefollowingshowsplateD101andallplatesingroupABCwithanuppersurfacetemperatureof100andalowersurfacetemperatureof75inloadcaseloadcaseT135.

1.11.15ShellPressureLoads

GeneralshellpressureloadsappliedatthejointsarestipulatedontheLOADSPGlinetitledShellPressureLoadlocatedwithintheappropriateloadconditiondata.Thepressureisappliedtoeitheroneshell,arangeofshellsorallshellswithinthemodel,byspecifyingoneshellname,twoshellnamesornoshellname.Thepressureateachoftheshelljointsisdesignatedincolumns1880.

ConstantorlinearlyvaryingpressurewithinashellelementmaybespecifiedontheLOADSPCline.Byspecifyingoneshellname,twoshellnames,ornotspecifyingashellname,theShellVariablePressurelinecanapplytooneshell,arangeofshellsorallshellswithinthemodel.Forconstantpressure,thepressureisspecifiedincolumns1824.Forvaryingpressure,thepressuregradientsinthedirectionofeachoftheglobalaxesarespecifiedincolumns2545.

1.11.16ShellTemperatureLoads

ShelltemperatureloadsarespecifiedwithintheloadconditiondatausingtheLOADlinetitledShellTemperatureLoad.Constanttemperature,temperaturevaryingatmidsurface,thetopsurfaceorthebottomsurfacemaybespecifiedbySTC,STM,STTorSTBrespectively.Theshellname,ornamesforarangeofshells,towhichtheloadistobeappliedalongwiththetemperaturechangeateachjointarespecified.Ifnoshellnameisspecified,theloadingisappliedtoallshellsinthemodel.Forconstanttemperature,typeSTC,thetemperaturechangeatthefirstjointonlyisrequired.

1.11.17LoadCombinations

LoadcombinationsconsistingofbasicloadconditionsorpreviouslydefinedloadcombinationsaredefinedusingtheLCOMBinputline.LoadcombinationlinesfollowthebasicloadconditionsinthemodelandmustbeinitiatedwithaLCOMBheaderline.

Note:BasicloadcasesmaynotbedefinedaftertheLCOMBheaderline.

Theloadcombinationnamemustbeauniquenamenotusedbyabasicloadcaseorbyanothercombination.Theloadcasesorcombinationsmakinguptheloadcombinationalongwiththeappropriateloadfactorstobeappliedarespecified.TheloadcombinationdefinitionmaybecontinuedbyrepeatingtheLCOMBlinewiththecombinationnamespecifiedincolumns710,sothatuptofortyeightloadcomponentsmaybespecified.

ThefollowingdefinesaloadcombinationnamedST03consistingof100%ofloadcaseMISC,110%ofDEADand85%of7.

Note:Forastandardstaticanalyses,loadcombinationsarenotsolvedinthesolutionphase.Resultsareobtainedbysuperpositionofthebasicresultsduringpostprocessing.BecausePSIanalyseshavenonlinearsolutions,resultsforonlyloadcombinationsandbasicloadcasesspecifiedontheLCSELlineareobtained.

2.0SACSIVTROUBLESHOOTING

2.1MODELSINGULARITY

Modelsingularityisthecommontermusedtodescribeproblemswithinastiffnessmatrixthatmaylimittheaccuracyofthesolutionorpreventitentirely.Inmatrixtheory,astructuralmodelmatrixmustbePositiveDefiniteforittobeinverted.SomecommonreasonsforastructuralmodelmatrixbecomingNonPositiveDefiniteareasfollows:

1. Portionofstructureorentirestructuretranslatingasarigidbodyinspace.2. Portionofstructureorentirestructurerotatingasarigidbodyinspace.3. Ajointconnectedtothestructureistranslatingorrotatinginspacebecauseaparticularendfixityforallmembersconnectingtothejointisreleased,thereforethejoint

canmoveorspinfreely.4. Memberorplatestructuralpropertiesarezeroforallelementsconnectingtoajointsothatthejointiseffectivelyunrestrained.

Whenusingacomputertoperformasolution,thereexistsafinitenumberofdigitsthatcanbeusedtodefineanyonenumber.Duringnumericalprocedureswithintheprogram,accuracymaybelostduetotherelativesizeofthenumbersusedinthemathematicaloperations.SACSIVdeterminestheaccuracylostduringsolutionandreportsitastheMaximumNumberofSignificantDigitslostintheoutputlistingfile.Ingeneral,solutionswithsixorfewersignificantdigitslostaresufficientlyaccuratewhilesolutionswithtwelveormoresignificantdigitslostarenot.

Itispossibleforthesolutiontolosesufficientaccuracysuchthatthesolutionbecomestrivialorthestructurebecomesmathematicallyunstable(matrixisNonPositiveDefinite).Commonreasonsforastructuralmodeltoloosesignificantaccuracyorbecomemathematicallyunstablefollow:

1. Verystiffelementattachedtoaverysoftelement.2. Astiffstructureattachedtogroundthrougharelativelysoftspringsystem.3. Astructurewithlittlestiffnessattachedtogroundthrougharelativelystiffspringsystem.

2.2DEBUGGINGTHEMODEL

IfSACSIVdetectsaNonPositiveDefinitediagonalterminthestiffnessmatrix,itwillindicatetherowofthematrixwhereitoccurred.Ifthevalueisbetweenzeroand0.0001itwillberesetto1.0,therowandcolumnwhereitoccurredwillbenulledandthesolutionwillcontinue.Ifthediagonalvalueislessthan0.0001theprogramterminatesexecutionandreportsthecriticaljointdegreeoffreedom.

Forinstanceswhereanunrestrainedportionofthestructureactsasamechanismforsingularitytooccur,thelastjointofthemechanism,inoptimizedorder,isreported.Ifthereportedjointisindeedrestrained,theInterpretedInputEchoReportcanbeusedtoisolatethecriticalportionofthestructure.TheinterpretedJointDataListportionofthereportcontainsthejointdegreeoffreedomandmatrixrowlocationlistinthefollowingformat:

1. ThedegreesoffreedomforeachjointinthestiffnessmatrixarereportedasrotationX,YandZfollowedbytranslationX,YandZ.2. Foreachjoint,thebeginningrownumberpertainingtotherotationXdegreeoffreedomislistedinthereport.TherownumberspertainingtorotationY,andZand

translationX,YandZareobtainedbyadding1,2,3,4,and5respectivelytotherowreportedforthejointrotationXdegreeoffreedom.

Thecriticalrowlocationisreportedinthesolutionlistingfile.

3.0COMMENTARY

3.1ANGLECROSSSECTIONS

TheorientationofananglesectionisdeterminedfromthesignsoftheAandBdimensionsinputontheSECTinputline.

Note:PositiveBdimensionisinthenegativelocalYaxisdirection.

SACSIVusespropertiesaboutthememberprincipalaxesforstiffnesscalculations.Normally,thecrosssectioninputlocalaxesareaxesofsymmetryandarethereforeprincipalaxes.Forangles,however,theinputaxesarenotprincipalaxes.Therefore,theinertiapropertiescalculatedabouttheinputaxesmustbetransformedtotheprincipalaxesbytheprogramusingthefollowing:

Theshearareasabouttheprincipalaxesareusedinmemberstiffnesscalculationsandaretakenas:

wheretheIViandQViarewithrespecttothemprincipalaxis.

BendingstressandEulerbucklingstressarecalculatedwithrespecttotheprincipalaxes.Theeffectivebucklinglengthfactors,KyandKz,areinputwithrespecttothelocalcoordinates.TheprogramtransformstheinputKfactorsintotheprincipalaxessystemtoobtainthefactorstobeusedinEulerbucklingcalculations,from:

K1,2=PrincipalaxeseffectivelengthfactorsKy,z=Inputeffectivebucklinglengthfactors=Anglebetweeninputaxesandprincipalaxes

Theshearstressatanypointiscalculatedwithrespecttothelocalcoordinatesystemusingthefollowingequation:

Iy,Iz,Iyz=InertiapropertieswithrespecttoYandZaxesVy,Vz=ShearinYandZdirectionst=ThicknessQy,Qz=FirstmomentsaboutYandZaxesofportionofthecrosssectionareabetweenthepointandthefreeedge(Shadedareainfigurebelow).

Tensileandcompressivestressesareevaluatedatpoints1,2,3,4and5shownintheaboverightfigure.Shearstressesaredeterminedatthepointsofmaximumshearstressineachleg.Thesepointsarelocatedautomaticallyforeachloadcase.

Note:Althoughprincipalaxesareusedinstiffness,bendingstressandEulerbucklingcalculations,theoutputresultsarereportedwithrespecttothelocalcoordinateaxes.

3.2FLATPLATECROSSSECTIONS

TheSACSIVprogramcontainsbothtriangularandquadrilateralorthotropicflatplateelements.Theseelementsarederivedfromclassicalflatplatetheorytechniquesbyincorporatinganempiricaltheorythatincludesaconstantstraininplaneextensionalandshearmodel,anedgebeamrepresentationforoutofplanebendingandshearmodelandaninplanetorsionmodel.Thiscombinationresultsinatrue6degreeoffreedomlinearstrainelementthathasexcellentconvergenceproperties.

3.2.1IsotropicPlates

Theisotropicplateelementisafull6degreeoffreedombendingelementthatassumesconstantinplaneandoutofplanepropertiesinalldirections.Thiselementisapplicableforplateswithconstantthicknessandmaterialproperties.

3.2.2MembranePlates

Themembraneplateelementissimilartotheisotropicplateelementexcepttheoutofplanebendingandshearstiffnessissettozero.Theoutofplanedeflectionsandrotationsarenotrestrained.Thiselementisapplicablewhenthebendingstiffnessoftheplateisnotcoupledtothesupportingframeorthebendingstiffnessoftheplateisincludedinthesupportingstructureelements.

3.2.3ShearPlates

Shearplateshaveonlyinplaneshearstiffnesswithallothercomponentsofstiffnesssetequaltozero.Thiselementcanbeusedtorepresentshearwallsorageneralshearstiffnessforcoarsefiniteelementmeshrepresentation.

3.2.4StiffenedPlates

StiffenedplatesarerepresentedbyanisotropicplatewithadditionaloutofplanebendingandshearstiffnessincludedtorepresentparallelmemberelementsattachedtotheplateintheplatelocalXandYcoordinatedirections.Theadditionalbendingandshearstiffnessdoesnothavebiaxialcoupling(theXstiffenersarenotcoupledtotheYstiffeners).

Thestiffenedplateelementcontainstheflatplatepropertiesandtheaveragememberstiffenerpropertiesinbothlocalcoordinatesincludingtheplacementoftheplaterelativetothemembersstiffeners.Theoutofplanebendingstiffnesscalculationforthestiffenersassumesaneffectiveplatewidthactingwiththestiffenersforcalculatinganaverageadditionalmomentofinertiaduetothestiffeners.Theeffectiveplatewidthislimitedtothesmalleroftheparallelstiffenerspacingor30timestheplatethickness.

Stiffenedplateelementsareeffectiveforincludingthestiffnessofplatesandmembersinoneelementwithoutmodelinganexcessivenumberofjointsand/orbeamelements.Thepropertiesreportedforthestiffenedplatearetheeffectivesmearedproperties.Themaximumstressesarereportedfortheflatplateportionandthestiffenersseparately.

3.2.5CorrugatedPlates

Thecorrugatedplateisaspecialcombinationofbothinplaneandoutofplanestiffness.Acorrugatedplatehasextensionalstiffnessinthedirectionofthecorrugationsandnoextensionalstiffnessacrossthecorrugations.Inplaneshearisassumedtobefullyeffective.Theoutofplanebendingandshearstiffnessiszerowhenbendingacrossthecorrugations.Inthedirectionofthecorrugations,theoutofplanebendingandshearstiffnessisduetotheeffectivebeampropertiesofthecrosssection.Nobiaxialbendingcouplingisallowedandtheinplanetorsionalpropertiesareassumedtobefullyeffective.

Note:Whenusingcorrugatedplates,thesumoftheinplaneareaduetotheeffectiveplatethicknessandthestiffenersmustequalthetotalinplaneareaofthecorrugatedpanelinthedirectionofthecorrugations.

3.2.6PlateElementTransitiontoBeamElement

Plateoffsetscanbeusedtomodeltransitionpointsbetweenplateandbeamelements.Anytwoadjacentplatenodescanbespecifiedasthesamejointname.Plateoffsetsspecifiedateachplatenodecanthenbeusedtoseparatethenodesandplacethemindifferentspatialpositions.Thiswillresultinoneedgeiftheplatebeingdescribedbythemotionofonejointwhichcanbeconnectedtoabeamelement.Forexample,whenmodelingatubularmemberwithafiniteelementmesh,thereisusuallyatransitionpointwherebeamelementtheorybecomessufficientlyaccurate.Atthispoint,alloftheplateelementsmustbeattachedtoasinglecentraljointwhichisthebeginningjointofthebeamelement.TheplateelementsareconnectedtothecentralJointwithoffsetssuchthattheendsoftheplatesarelocatedatthesurfaceofthetubular.Thetransitionjointwilldefinethecompletedisplacementofthecrosssectionatthatpointandwillassureproperinternalloadtransfer.Also,thecrosssectionofthetubularatthetransitionwillremainplaneduringdeformationwhichisaconstraintofnormalbeamtheory.

3.3SHELLELEMENTS

TheSACSIVprogramcontains6,8and9nodetriangularandrectangularIsoparametricShellElementsbasedonderivationsbyBathe[Bathe,KlausJurgen,FiniteElementProceduresInEngineeringAnalysis,PrenticeHall,NewJersey,1982].Theseelementsareconsideredindustrystandardsandareavailableinmostlargescalefiniteelementprograms.

ThelocationofthestresspointsalongtheshellsurfacedependsintheselectionofthenumberofGaussianIntegrationpointsspecifiedforeachshell.Thestressescanbecalculatedatthecenteroftheshelland/oratthecornerGaussianpointsasshowninthefigures.Thedefaultforeachshellisthehavethestressdeterminedattheshellcenteronly.Theshelltotalinplanedirectandshearstressesarereportedinthelocalplatecoordinatesystemattheupper,middleandlowersurfacesandtheprincipalstressesandmaximumshearstressesarereportedfortheupperandlowersurface.

TheunitycheckcalculationsarebasedonmaximumvonMisesstressforinplanestressesattheupper,middleandlowershellsurface.Shellbucklingisnotincludedintheunitycheckcalculation.TheunitycheckformulationscanbefoundintheusersmanualofthePOSTprogrammodule.

3.3.1ShellElementTransitiontoBeamElement

Isoparametricshelloffsetsarenormallyusedtolocatetheneutralaxisoftheshellrelativetotheconnectingstructure.Theycanalsobeusedtogeneratethetransitionbetweentheisoparametricshellsandbeamelements.

Anythreenodesthatdescribethesideofashellcanbeconnectedtothesamejoint.Usingshelloffsets,thecoincidentnodescanbeseparatedandplacedindifferentspatialpositions,resultinginonesideoftheshellbeingdescribedbythemotionofonejointwhichcanbeconnecteddirectlytoabeamelement.

Forexample,whenmodelingatubularmemberwithshellelements,thereisusuallyatransitionpointwherebeamelementtheorybecomessufficientlyaccurate.Atthispoint,alloftheshellelementsmustbeattachedtoasinglecentraljointwhichisthebeginningjointofthebeamelement.Theshellelementsareconnectedtothecentraljointwithoffsetssuchthattheendsoftheshellsarelocatedatthesurfaceofthetubular.Thetransitionjointwilldefinethecompletedisplacementofthecrosssectionatthatpointandwillassureproperinternalloadtransfer.Also,thecrosssectionofthetubularatthetransitionwillremainplaneduringdeformationwhichisaconstraintofnormalbeamtheory.

3.4SOLIDELEMENTS

TheSACSIVprogramcontains4,5,6and8nodeSolidFiniteElementsthatrepresenttetrahedron,pyramid,wedgeandbrickshapedelements,respectively.TheSolidElementsarebasedonaconstantstraintheoryandtheelementsdonotrestrainrotationatthenodes.Thepyramid,wedgeandbrickelementsarebuiltfromthebasictetrahedronelement.

3.4.1SolidTransitiontoShell,PlateorBeamElements

Solidelementoffsetscanbeusedtogeneratethetransitionbetweenthesolidelementsandisoparametricshells,flatplatesand/orbeamelements.IfafournodefaceofasolidelementisconnectedtoaoneortwodimensionalelementthenthefournodefaceshouldbedescribedbyonlytwoJoints.thesetwoJointsshouldlieonatthecenterofthefaceoftheSolidElement.TheupperandloweredgesofthefacewillbedescribedbythesametwoJointsandwillincludeoffsetstolocatethemcorrectlyinspace.TheresultingOffsetSolidElementwillformafull6degreeoffreedomtransitionconnectionbetweentheelements.

4.0SAMPLEPROBLEMS

ThesampleproblemsillustratevariouscapabilitiesoftheSACSIVprogrammodule.Twoseparateanalysesaredetailed.

1. Thefirstsampleproblemisajackettypestructureconsistingoftubular,wideflange,angleandconecrosssectionbeamelementsandflatplateelements.Inadditiontopropertiesspecifiedinthemodelfile,sectionpropertiesdefinedintheAISCsectionlibrarywerereferenced.Thissamplecontainsmemberandplateoffsetsalongwithmemberendreleases.Fourbasicloadconditions,comprisedofjointloads,memberuniformloads,memberconcentratedloadsandjointspecifieddisplacements,andtwoloadcombinationswerespecified.

2. SampleProblem2illustratestheuseofshellandsolidelements.Threebasicloadcasesconsistingofjointloads,linearlyvaryingshellpressureloadsandvaryingshelltemperatureloadswerespecifiedinadditiontotwoloadcombinations.

SAMPLEPROBLEM1

SampleProblem1isthejackettypestructureshownfixedatthebottomofthepiles.Cone,tubular,wideflangeandanglecrosssectionbeamelementsandflatplateelementsaremodeled.Flatplate,tubular,angleandconesectionpropertiesaredefinedinthemodelfilewhilewideflangepropertiesareobtainedfromtheAISCsectionlibraryfile.

Offsetsarespecifiedforjackettubularmemberssothatbracesaremodeledtothefaceofthechordanda2"gap(atthechordface)existbetweenbraces.W12deckwideflangemembersmodeledintheglobalYdirectionareoffsetsothattheyarelyingontopofW24maingirderswiththeneutralaxisatelevation40.0.Platesareoffsetsothattheneutralaxisislocatedatelevation42.Anglemembersonthedeckaremodeledtoresistonlyaxialloadandshearbydesignatingmemberendreleases.

Fourbasicloadconditionsandtwoloadcombinationsarespecified.LoadCaseLIVEconsistofmemberuniformloadsrepresentingliveload.LoadCaseEQPTcontainsjointloadsandmemberconcentratedloadsrepresentingequipmentloads.Thethirdloadcase,LATXcontainsjointlateralloadsandLoadCaseDISPisusedtospecifysupportdisplacements.

PartsoftheSACSmodelfileisshownbelowfollowedbyadescriptionofselectedportions.

ThefollowingisadescriptionofselectedinputlinesintheSACSmodelfileforSampleProblem1.Theinputlinesarereferencedbytheletterintheleftmarginoftheinputlisting.

Note:Forasteriskeditems(*),seePostprogrammanualforadetaileddiscussiononpostprocessingoptions.

A. TheOPTIONSlinespecifiestheanalysisoptions,namely.A. Englishunitsaredesignatedby'EN'incolumns1415.B. Bydefaultastaticanalysisisdesired(columns1920areblank).C. SDincolumns2324specifiesthatsheareffectsaretobeconsideredinmembers.D. *ElementcodecheckwillbebasedonAISC/APIcode(UCincolumns2526).E. *Nonsegmentedbeamelementswillbedividedintotwopostprocessingsegmentsandeachsegmentofsegmentedelementswillbeconsideredasapost

processingsegmentby2and1incolumns30and32.F. AninterpretedechoofthemodelisrequestedbyPTincolumns4142.G. *Unitycheckrange,stressforcontrollingloadcase,internalloadandjointreactionreportsarerequestedwhenperformingcodecheck.

B. *OnlyresultsforloadcasesCMB1andCMB62aretobereportedasspecifiedontheLCSELline.C. *TheelementUCrangesarespecifiedontheUCPARTline.D. *AllowablestressesforloadcaseCMB2aretobefactoredby1.333asspecifiedontheAMODline.E. NontubularcrosssectionsnotdefinedinthesectionlibraryfilearedefinedbySECTlinesfollowingtheSECTheader.Thefirstlinedefinespropertiesofsection

CON4436asfollows:A. Thesectiontowhichtheinformationappliesisspecifiedincolumns612.B. SectionCON4436isdesignatedasaconesectionbyCONincolumns1618.C. Becausenostiffnesspropertiesarespecifiedincolumns1948,theywillbecalculatedbySACSIV.D. ThelargerOD,thicknessandsmallerODarespecifiedincolumns5055,5660and6166respectively.

F. PropertiesaredefinedonGRUPinputlinesfollowingtheGRUPheaderline.ThepropertiesforallmembersassignedtogroupDK1aredefinedontheGRUPlinewithDK1specifiedincolumns68.

A. ThecrosssectionisaW24X94wideflangewhosepropertiesaredefinedinthesectionlibraryfile.B. Theelasticmodulus,shearmodulusandyieldstressarespecifiedincolumns3135,3640and4145respectively.C. *Columns47,5255and5659definethedefaultmemberclassification,KyandKzfactorsforcodecheck.D. Thematerialdensityis490.0#/ft3asspecifiedincolumns7176.

G. ThepropertiesformembersassignedtogroupDK3aredefinedbytheGRUPlinewithDK3specifiedincolumns68.A. ThecrosssectionpropertiesaredefinedbysectionL3X3whichisdefinedinthemodelfile.

H. ThepropertiesofmembersassignedtogroupLG1varyalongthelengthofthemember.ByinputtingthreeGRUPlinesforgroupLG1,themembersaredividedintothreesegmentseachwithpropertiesdefinedforeachsegment.

A. Thepropertiesforthefirstsegment**aredefinedbythefirstGRUPLG1line.Thelinespecifiesoutsidediameter48.0,wallthickness1.5andyieldstress50.0ksi.Thelengthofthefirstsegmentis6.98asspecifiedincolumns7780.

B. Themiddlesegmentisatubularwith48.0outsidediameter,1.0wallthicknessand36.0yieldstress.Nosegmentlengthisspecified**.C. Thelastsegmentisatubularwith48.0outsidediameter,1.5wallthicknessand50.0yieldstress.Thesegmentlengthis5.55asspecifiedincolumns7780.

**Note:Thefirstsegmentspecifiedcorrespondstothesegmentstartingatthememberstartjoint.Also,thelengthofonesegmentshouldalwaysbeleftblank.Theprogramwilldeterminethelengthoftheblanksegmentforeachmemberofthegroupindividually,thusallowingmembersofdifferentlengthstobeassignedtothesamegroup.

I. ThepropertiesformembersassignedtogroupMD1arespecifiedontheGRUPlinewithMD1incolumns68.A. TheODandthicknessfortubularsectionsarespecifieddirectlyontheGRUPline.TheODisspecifiedas18.00andthicknessas0.75incolumns1823and25

29respectively.Theprogramwillcalculatethecrosssectionproperties.J. MembersaredefinedintheinputfilefollowingtheMEMBERheaderline.MembersaredefinedusingaMEMBERinputlineandarenamedbythestartandendjoints.

Member101201isdefinedasfollows:A. Thestartandendjointsarespecifiedincolumns811and1215.B. ThememberisassignedtogroupLG1(columns1719).

K. Member101112isdefinedbytheMEMBERlinewith101and112specifiedincolumns911and1315asfollows:A. AMEMBEROFFSETSlinedefiningoffsetsinglobalcoordinateswillfollowasdesignatedby1incolumn7.B. ThepropertygroupisMH1andKyandKzare0.80.C. TheMEMBEROFFSETSlinespecifiesanoffsetintheglobalXdirectionof24.0atthestartjoint.

L. Member520501isadeckmemberassignedtogroupDK2withglobaloffsetsspecified(1incolumn7).A. ThememberisaW12X65(definedbygroupDK2)withtheunbracedlengthofcompressionflangespecifiedas0.01incolumns6064.B. BecausethemembersitsonthetopflangeoftheW24itcrosses,itisoffset18.0"intheglobalZatthestartandendofthememberbytheMEMBEROFFSET

line.

M. Thememberdefinedbyjoints525and503isassignedtogroupDK3whichisdefinedasan3x3xdangle.A. Offsetswillbedefinedwithrespecttothememberlocalaxisasdesignatedby2incolumn7.B. ThememberendsarereleasedforlocalYandZmomentatthestartandlocalX,YandZmomentattheendasspecifiedby000011and000111incolumns

2328and2934respectively.C. Thememberlocalcoordinatesystemisrotated90

SAMPLEPROBLEM2

SampleProblem2illustratestheuseofninenodeshellandeightnodesolidfiniteelements.Threebasicloadcasesconsistingofjointloads,linearlyvaryingshellpressureloadsandvaryingshelltemperatureloadswerespecifiedinadditiontotwoloadcombinations.

FollowingistheSACSmodelfileforthissampleproblemandadescriptionofselectedportions.

ThefollowingisadescriptionofselectedinputlinesintheSACSmodelfileforSampleProblem2.Theinputlinesarereferencedbytheletterintheleftmarginoftheinput

listing.

Note:Forasteriskeditems(*),seePostprogrammanualforadetaileddiscussiononpostprocessingoptions.

A. TheOPTIONSlinespecifiestheanalysisoptions,namely:A. EnglishunitsaredesignatedbyENincolumns1415.B. Bydefaultastaticanalysisisdesired(columns1920areblank).C. *ElementcodecheckwillbebasedonAISC/APIcode(UCincolumns2526).D. *AnelementdetailedstressreportisrequestedbyPTincolumns5556.

B. *Onlyresultsforloadcombinations4and5aretobereportedasspecifiedontheLCSELline.C. ASHELLheaderlinedesignatesthatshellelementdefinitionsfollow.ThefirstSHELLinputlinedefinesthepropertiesofshellS212asfollows:

A. TheshellnameS212isdesignatedincolumns710.B. Theconnectingjointsarespecifiedincolumns1247.ShellS212isaninenodeshelldefinedbyjoints212,213,214,224,234,233,232,222and223,where

joint223isthecenterjoint.ThelocalXaxisisdefinedbyjoints212and214,thelocalYisperpendiculartothelocalXandparalleltothelineformedbyjoints214and234.

C. Aconstantthicknessof2.5"isassignedby0incolumn6(constant)and2.5incolumns5355.D. TheModulusofelasticity,Poissonsratio,yieldstress,materialdensityandcoefficientofthermalexpansionarespecifiedincolumns5761,6265,6670,7175

and7680.D. SolidelementsaredefinedonSOLIDinputlinesfollowingtheSOLIDheaderline.ThegeometryandpropertiesforsolidelementD101aredefinedonthefirst

SOLIDlineasfollows:A. ThesolidnameD101isdesignatedincolumns710.B. Theconnectingjointsarespecifiedincolumns1243.SolidD101isaneightnodebrickelementdefinedbyjoints101,102,202,201,111,112,212,and211.C. Amodulusofelasticityof3,640ksiisassignedby3.64incolumns5761.ThedefaultPoissonsratioandyieldstressareused.D. Thematerialdensityisspecifiedas150.0#/ft3incolumns7175.

E. TheJOINTheaderlinesignalsthebeginningofjointdefinitions.ThefirstJOINTlinedefinesthecoordinates**ofjoint101(101specifiedincolumns810).

**Note:Jointcoordinatesmaybedefinedindecimalsoffeet(meters)orinfeet(meters)plusinches(centimeters).Forthissample,coordinatesareexpressedinfeetplusinches.

A. TheXcoordinateofjoint101is9ftasdesignatedby9.incolumns1218.B. TheYcoordinateis5'0.276"or5.023'(5.00276mifmodelunitsaremetric)asdesignatedby5.incolumns1925and0.276incolumns4046.C. TheZcoordinateis0.(0incolumns2632).D. Joint101isasupportjointwithallsixdegreesoffreedomrestrained(111111incolumns5560).

F. Joint112isdefinedbyJOINTlinewith112incolumns810.A. TheX,YandZcoordinatesaredefinedincolumns1253.B. TheX,YandZrotationaldegreesoffreedomarerestrainedby000111incolumns5560.

Note:Becausesolidelementsdonothaverotationalstiffness,therotationaldegreesoffreedomforjointsconnectedexclusivelytosolidelementsmustbefixed.

G. TheloadingportionoftheinputbeginswiththeLOADheaderline.Loadcondition1isdesignatedincolumn10oftheLOADCNinputline.H. Loadcase1consistofloadsonjoints212,213,214,215,216,222,223,224,225,226,232,233,234,235and236.Joint212isloadedasfollows:

A. TheJOINlabelincolumns6669designatesthetypeofloadingasajointload.B. Thejointtobeloadedisdesignatedincolumns911.C. Aloadof0.735istobeappliedintheglobalZdirectionasindicatedincolumns3137.

I. Loadcase2containsavaryingnormalpressureloadactingonshellsS212andS214.TheLOADinputlinespecifiesthefollowing:A. ThetypeofloadisdesignatedasanormalpressureloadbySPCincolumns68.B. AllshellnamesfromS212throughS214aretobeloadedbythisinputline(S212andS214incolumns1013and1417).C. Thenormalpressureattheoriginjoint(i.e.firstjointspecifiedontheSHELLline)is10.4psiinthelocalZdirectionasspecifiedby10.4incolumns1824.D. Thenormalpressuredecreasesby0.866psiperfootinthelocalYdirection(0.866incolumns3238).

J. Loadcase3containsshelltemperatureloadsonthetopandbottomsurfacesofshellsS212andS214.Thetopsurfaceoftheshellisexposedtoatemperaturelowerthantheambienttemperaturewhilethebottomsurfaceisattheambienttemperature.

A. ThetypeofloadisdesignatedasashelltemperatureloadatthetopsurfacebySTTincolumns68.B. AllshellnamesfromS212throughS214aretobeloadedbythisinputline(S212andS214incolumns1013and1417).C. Thetemperatureatthetopsurfacerelativetotheambienttemperatureateachoftheshelljointsisspecifiedincolumns1880.D. Thetemperatureatthebottomsurfacerelativetoambienttemperatureisspecifiedincolumns1880oftheSHELLlinewithSTBdesignatedincolumns68.

K. Loadcombinationsmadeupofoneormoreloadcasesand/orcombinationsaredefinedaftertheLCOMBheaderline.Loadcase4isacombinationconsistingofloadcase1multipliedby1.1and100.0percentofloadcase2.

Theoutputfilefortheanalysisislistedonthefollowingpages.TheoutputforthepostprocessorisincludedandisdiscussedindetailinthePostprogrammodulemanual.