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RELEASE 5

USERS MANUAL

ENGINEERING DYNAMICS, INC.

2113 38TH STREET

KENNER, LOUISIANA 70065

U.S.A.

No part of this document may be

reproduced in any form, in an

electronic retrieval system or

otherwise, without the prior

written permission of the publisher.

Copyright 1998 by

ENGINEERING DYNAMICS, INC.

Printed in U.S.A.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1.......................................................................................................................

1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1-1...............................................................................................

1.2 PROGRAM OVERVIEW 1-1....................................................................................................

1.2.1 System Configuration 1-1..................................................................................................

2.0 GETTING STARTED 2-1.................................................................................................................

2.1 BEGINNING A MODELING SESSION 2-1.............................................................................

2.2 GENERATING A JACKET STRUCTURE 2-1.........................................................................

2.2.1 Jacket Information 2-1.......................................................................................................

2.2.2 Non-grouted Structures 2-2...............................................................................................

2.2.3 Grouted Structures 2-2.......................................................................................................

2.2.4 Pile Stubs 2-2.....................................................................................................................2.2.5 Conductors 2-2...................................................................................................................

2.2.6 Specifying Leg Data 2-3....................................................................................................

2.2.7 Parallel Bracing Layout 2-5...............................................................................................

2.3 DEFAULT GROUP NAMES 2-5...............................................................................................

2.4 UNDO AND REDO 2-6.............................................................................................................

2.5 EXITING THE MODELING SESSION 2-6..............................................................................

3.0 FILE FEATURES 3-1.......................................................................................................................

3.1 NEW 3-1.....................................................................................................................................

3.2 OPEN 3-1....................................................................................................................................

3.3 SAVE 3-1....................................................................................................................................

3.4 SAVE AS 3-2..............................................................................................................................3.5 SAVE NPF AS 3-2......................................................................................................................

3.6 SETTINGS 3-2............................................................................................................................

3.7 PLOT 3-2.....................................................................................................................................

3.7.1 Title 3-3.............................................................................................................................

3.7.2 Screen 3-3..........................................................................................................................

3.7.3 Full Set 3-3........................................................................................................................

3.7.4 Faces 3-3............................................................................................................................

3.7.5 Plans 3-3............................................................................................................................

3.7.6 Views 3-3...........................................................................................................................

3.7.7 Select Views 3-3................................................................................................................

3.8 PAGE SETUP 3-3.......................................................................................................................3.9 EXPORT 3-3...............................................................................................................................

3.9.1 Windows Clipboard 3-4.....................................................................................................

3.9.2 Neutral Picture File 3-4.....................................................................................................

3.9.3 DXF 3-4.............................................................................................................................

3.9.4 Windows Metafile 3-4.......................................................................................................

3.10 EXIT 3-4...................................................................................................................................

4.0 DISPLAY FEATURES 4-1...............................................................................................................

4.1 ACTIVE/ISOMETRIC 4-1.........................................................................................................

4.2 FACE 4-1....................................................................................................................................

4.3 PLAN 4-1....................................................................................................................................

4.4 PLANE 4-2..................................................................................................................................


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4.4.1 3 Joints 4-2.........................................................................................................................

4.4.2 XY Plane 4-2.....................................................................................................................

4.4.3 XZ Plane 4-2......................................................................................................................

4.4.4 YZ Plane 4-2......................................................................................................................

4.4.5 XY Volume 4-2.................................................................................................................

4.4.6 XZ Volume 4-2..................................................................................................................

4.4.7 YZ Volume 4-3..................................................................................................................

4.4.8 Reset Volumes 4-3.............................................................................................................

4.5 SELECT 4-3................................................................................................................................

4.6 RESET SELECT 4-4...................................................................................................................

4.7 LABELING 4-4...........................................................................................................................

4.7.1 Joints 4-4............................................................................................................................

4.7.2 Members 4-5......................................................................................................................4.7.3 Plates 4-6...........................................................................................................................

4.7.4 Shell 4-7.............................................................................................................................

4.7.5 Load 4-8.............................................................................................................................

4.7.6 Special 4-9.........................................................................................................................

4.8 LOAD DIAGRAM 4-10...............................................................................................................

4.9 ROTATE 4-11...............................................................................................................................

4.10 2 LINE 4-11................................................................................................................................

4.11 SHOW IN 3-D 4-12....................................................................................................................

4.12 ZOOM BOX 4-12.......................................................................................................................

4.12.1 Zoom Display 4-12............................................................................................................

4.12.2 Delete Joints 4-12..............................................................................................................4.12.3 Delete Elements 4-12.........................................................................................................

4.12.4 Delete Members 4-12........................................................................................................

4.12.5 Delete Plates 4-12..............................................................................................................

4.12.6 Increment Joints 4-12........................................................................................................

4.12.7 Translate/Rotate 4-12.........................................................................................................

4.12.7.1 General 4-13.............................................................................................................

4.12.7.2 Mirror Image 4-14....................................................................................................

4.12.7.3 About a Line 4-16....................................................................................................

4.12.8 Joint Design 4-16...............................................................................................................

4.13 UNZOOM 4-16...........................................................................................................................

4.14 VIEW 4-16..................................................................................................................................

4.14.1 Select 4-17.........................................................................................................................4.14.2 Save 4-17...........................................................................................................................

4.14.3 Delete 4-17.........................................................................................................................

4.14.4 Rename Bin 4-17...............................................................................................................

4.15 CYLINDER 4-17........................................................................................................................

4.15.1 Flat 4-17.............................................................................................................................

4.15.2 Round 4-17........................................................................................................................

4.16 DIMENSIONS 4-18....................................................................................................................

4.16.1 Add 4-18............................................................................................................................

4.16.2 Edit 4-18............................................................................................................................

4.16.3 Delete 4-18.........................................................................................................................

4.16.4 Settings 4-18......................................................................................................................


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4.16.4.1 Text 4-18..................................................................................................................

4.16.4.2 Direction 4-18..........................................................................................................

4.16.4.3 Measure 4-19............................................................................................................

4.16.4.4 Line type 4-19..........................................................................................................

4.16.4.5 Arrowhead 4-19........................................................................................................

4.17 SACS 3D 4-20.............................................................................................................................

4.17.1 3D Solid 4-20.....................................................................................................................

4.17.1.1 File 4-20...................................................................................................................

4.17.1.2 Display 4-20.............................................................................................................

5.0 JOINT FEATURES 5-1.....................................................................................................................

5.1 DETAILS/MODIFY 5-1.............................................................................................................

5.2 FIND 5-1.....................................................................................................................................5.3 DISTANCE 5-1...........................................................................................................................

5.4 ADD 5-1......................................................................................................................................

5.4.1 Absolute 5-1.......................................................................................................................

5.4.2 Relative 5-1........................................................................................................................

5.4.3 Intersection 5-1..................................................................................................................

5.4.4 Relative to a Line 5-1........................................................................................................

5.4.4.1 Length 5-2................................................................................................................

5.4.4.2 X-coordinate 5-2......................................................................................................

5.4.4.3 Y-coordinate 5-2......................................................................................................

5.4.4.4 Z-coordinate 5-2.......................................................................................................

5.4.4.5 Angle 5-2..................................................................................................................

5.4.5 Divide a Line 5-2...............................................................................................................

5.5 GRID 5-2.....................................................................................................................................

5.6 MESH 5-3...................................................................................................................................

5.6.1 Rectangular 5-3..................................................................................................................

5.6.2 Cylindrical 5-4...................................................................................................................

5.6.3 Spherical 5-5......................................................................................................................

5.7 MOVE 5-6...................................................................................................................................

5.8 RENAME 5-6..............................................................................................................................

5.9 REORDER 5-6............................................................................................................................

5.10 TRANSLATE/ROTATE 5-7....................................................................................................

5.10.1 General 5-8......................................................................................................................

5.10.2 Mirror Image 5-8.............................................................................................................5.10.3 About a Line 5-9..............................................................................................................

5.11 DELETE 5-10.............................................................................................................................

5.12 DELETE MANY 5-10................................................................................................................

5.13 FIXITIES 5-11............................................................................................................................

5.14 SPRINGS 5-12............................................................................................................................

5.15 DESIGN 5-12..............................................................................................................................

5.15.1 Automatic 5-12..................................................................................................................

5.15.2 Manual 5-13.......................................................................................................................

5.15.2.1 File 5-14...................................................................................................................

5.15.2.2 Display 5-14.............................................................................................................

5.15.2.3 Modify Offsets 5-15.................................................................................................


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5.15.3 Include Joint 5-15..............................................................................................................

5.15.4 Exclude Joint 5-15.............................................................................................................

5.15.5 Reset the List 5-15.............................................................................................................

6.0 MEMBER FEATURES 6-1...............................................................................................................

6.1 DETAILS/MODIFY 6-1.............................................................................................................

6.2 OFFSETS 6-1..............................................................................................................................

6.3 FIND 6-1.....................................................................................................................................

6.4 ADD 6-2......................................................................................................................................

6.5 STRING 6-2................................................................................................................................

6.6 X-BRACE 6-2.............................................................................................................................

6.7 K-BRACE 6-2.............................................................................................................................

6.8 WISHBONE 6-2.........................................................................................................................6.9 DIVIDE 6-3.................................................................................................................................

6.9.1 Ratio 6-3............................................................................................................................

6.9.2 Length 6-3..........................................................................................................................

6.9.3 XY Plane 6-3.....................................................................................................................

6.9.4 XZ Plane 6-3......................................................................................................................

6.9.5 YZ Plane 6-4......................................................................................................................

6.9.6 Equal Parts 6-4...................................................................................................................

6.9.7 Perpendicular 6-4...............................................................................................................

6.9.8 On Member 6-4..................................................................................................................

6.10 DELETE 6-4.............................................................................................................................

6.11 DEFINE DEFAULTS 6-4.........................................................................................................

6.12 SET TO DEFAULT 6-6............................................................................................................

6.13 DEFINE AS 6-6........................................................................................................................

6.13.1 X-brace 6-6......................................................................................................................

6.13.2 K-brace 6-6......................................................................................................................

6.13.3 Through On Line 6-6.......................................................................................................

6.13.4 Through Off Line 6-6......................................................................................................

6.14 DUPLICATE/MIRROR 6-6.....................................................................................................

6.14.1 Duplicate Face 6-7...........................................................................................................

6.14.2 Duplicate Plan 6-7...........................................................................................................

6.14.3 Mirror Face 6-7................................................................................................................

6.15 MESH TUBULAR 6-7..............................................................................................................

7.0 PLATE FEATURES 7-1...................................................................................................................

7.1 DETAILS/MODIFY 7-1.............................................................................................................

7.2 OFFSETS 7-1..............................................................................................................................

7.3 FIND 7-1.....................................................................................................................................

7.4 ADD TRIANGULAR 7-1...........................................................................................................

7.5 ADD QUADRILATERAL 7-2...................................................................................................

7.6 RENAME 7-2..............................................................................................................................

7.7 DIVIDE 7-3.................................................................................................................................

7.8 DELETE 7-3...............................................................................................................................

7.9 DEFINE DEFAULTS 7-3...........................................................................................................

7.10 SET TO DEFAULT 7-3............................................................................................................


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7.11 LOCAL Z UP 7-3......................................................................................................................

7.12 LOCAL Z DOWN 7-4..............................................................................................................

7.13 SHELL ELEMENT 7-4............................................................................................................

8.0 PROPERTY FEATURES 8-1...........................................................................................................

8.1 MEMBER GROUP 8-1...............................................................................................................

8.2 MEMBER SECTION 8-3...........................................................................................................

8.3 PLATE GROUP 8-4....................................................................................................................

8.4 PLATE STIFFENER SECTION 8-6..........................................................................................

8.5 K FACTOR 8-7...........................................................................................................................

8.5.1 Ky & Kz 8-7......................................................................................................................

8.5.2 Ky 8-7................................................................................................................................

8.5.3 Kz 8-8................................................................................................................................8.5.4 Lb=Lz Toggle 8-8..............................................................................................................

8.6 EFFECTIVE LENGTH 8-8........................................................................................................

8.6.1 Ly & Lz 8-8.......................................................................................................................

8.6.2 Ly 8-8.................................................................................................................................

8.6.3 Lz 8-8.................................................................................................................................

8.6.4 Lb=Lz Toggle 8-8..............................................................................................................

8.7 UNBRACED LENGTH, LB 8-9................................................................................................

8.8 CONCRETE 8-9.........................................................................................................................

8.8.1 Groups 8-9.........................................................................................................................

8.8.2 Sections 8-11.......................................................................................................................

8.8.3 Rebar 8-14...........................................................................................................................

8.8.4 Slab Group 8-15...................................................................................................................

8.8.5 Slab Rebar 8-16...................................................................................................................

9.0 LOAD FEATURES 9-1.....................................................................................................................

9.1 JOINTS 9-1.................................................................................................................................

9.2 SPECIFIED DEFLECTIONS 9-2...............................................................................................

9.3 MEMBER 9-3.............................................................................................................................

9.4 MEMBER GROUPS 9-5............................................................................................................

9.5 PRESSURE 9-5...........................................................................................................................

9.5.1 Simple 9-5..........................................................................................................................

9.5.2 Complex 9-5......................................................................................................................

9.5.3 Plate Area 9-7....................................................................................................................9.5.4 Plates 9-9...........................................................................................................................

9.6 SKID 9-9.....................................................................................................................................

9.7 MOVE EQUIPMENT 9-10...........................................................................................................

9.8 DUPLICATE EQUIPMENT 9-11................................................................................................

9.9 DEAD LOADS 9-11.....................................................................................................................

9.10 DELETE LC 9-11.......................................................................................................................

9.11 DUPLICATE LC 9-11................................................................................................................

9.12 COMBINE LC 9-12....................................................................................................................

9.13 RING/ANODE 9-12....................................................................................................................

9.13.1 Ring Table 9-12.................................................................................................................

9.13.2 Rings 9-13..........................................................................................................................


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9.13.3 Anodes 9-13.......................................................................................................................

10.0 SEASTATE FEATURES 10-1..........................................................................................................

10.1 GLOBAL PARAMETERS 10-1.................................................................................................

10.1.1 Drag/Mass Coeff 10-1.......................................................................................................

10.1.2 Reynolds Number 10-2......................................................................................................

10.1.3 Marine Growth 10-2..........................................................................................................

10.1.4 Wind Area 10-3.................................................................................................................

10.1.5 Wind Shield Zones 10-4....................................................................................................

10.1.6 Submerged Area 10-4........................................................................................................

10.1.7 Submerged Volume 10-4...................................................................................................

10.1.8 Group Override 10-4..........................................................................................................

10.1.9 Member Override 10-5......................................................................................................10.1.10 Plate Override 10-6..........................................................................................................

10.1.11 Dummy Structure 10-6....................................................................................................

10.1.12 Appurtenance Structures 10-7.........................................................................................

10.1.12.1 Appurtenance Groups 10-8....................................................................................

10.1.12.2 Appurtenance Members 10-8.................................................................................

10.1.12.3 Appurtenance Joints 10-9.......................................................................................

10.1.13 Report 10-9......................................................................................................................

10.2 LOADING 10-10..........................................................................................................................

10.2.1 Wind 10-10..........................................................................................................................

10.2.2 Current 10-11.......................................................................................................................

10.2.3 Dead load 10-12...................................................................................................................

10.2.4 Wave 10-13..........................................................................................................................

10.2.5 Mudflow 10-14....................................................................................................................

10.2.6 Drag 10-14...........................................................................................................................

10.2.7 Group Override 10-15..........................................................................................................

10.2.8 Member Override 10-15......................................................................................................

10.2.9 Plate Override 10-15............................................................................................................

10.2.10 Load Label 10-15...............................................................................................................

10.2.11 LC Component Factors 10-16...........................................................................................

10.2.12 Transfer Function 10-16....................................................................................................

10.2.13 Repeat LC 10-17................................................................................................................

10.3 OPTIONS 10-17............................................................................................................................

11.0 REPORT FEATURES 11-1...............................................................................................................

11.1 JOINTS 11-1...............................................................................................................................

11.2 MEMBERS 11-1.........................................................................................................................

11.2.1 Member Offsets 11-1.........................................................................................................

11.3 PLATES 11-1..............................................................................................................................

11.3.1 Plate Offsets 11-2..............................................................................................................

11.4 SHELLS 11-2..............................................................................................................................

11.5 PROPERTIES 11-2.....................................................................................................................

11.5.1 Member Groups 11-2.........................................................................................................

11.5.2 Member Sections 11-2.......................................................................................................

11.5.3 Plate Groups 11-2..............................................................................................................


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11.5.4 Plate Stiffeners 11-2..........................................................................................................

11.5.5 Library 11-3.......................................................................................................................

11.6 LOADS 11-3...............................................................................................................................

11.6.1 Contents 11-3.....................................................................................................................

11.6.2 Summation 11-3.................................................................................................................

11.6.3 All Above 11-3..................................................................................................................

11.6.4 Sum By Ids 11-3................................................................................................................

11.7 MODEL INFO 11-3....................................................................................................................

11.8 TEXT FILE 11-3.........................................................................................................................

12.0 OPTIONS FEATURES 12-1.............................................................................................................

12.1 ANALYSIS 12-1.........................................................................................................................

12.2 SELECT LOAD CONDITION 12-3...........................................................................................12.2.1 Standard 12-3.....................................................................................................................

12.2.2 Dynamic Mass 12-3...........................................................................................................

12.2.3 P-Delta 12-4.......................................................................................................................

12.3 LOAD CONDITION FACTOR 12-4.........................................................................................

12.3.1 Standard 12-4.....................................................................................................................

12.3.2 Dynamic Mass 12-4...........................................................................................................

12.3.3 P-Delta 12-4.......................................................................................................................

12.4 ALLOWABLE STRESS/ MAT FACTOR 12-4.........................................................................

12.5 UNITY CHECK RANGES 12-5.................................................................................................

12.6 REDESIGN 12-5.........................................................................................................................

12.7 REDESIGN DT 12-6..................................................................................................................

12.8 HYDROSTATIC COLLAPSE 12-7...........................................................................................

12.9 CONCRETE 12-7.......................................................................................................................

13.0 MISCELLANEOUS FEATURES 13-1.............................................................................................

13.1 TITLE 13-1.................................................................................................................................

13.2 MODIFY LEG 13-1....................................................................................................................

13.3 CREATE LEG 13-2....................................................................................................................

13.4 DEFINE LEG 13-3......................................................................................................................

13.5 MODIFY ELEVATION 13-4.....................................................................................................

13.6 CREATE CONDUCTOR 13-5...................................................................................................

13.7 MERGE 13-5...............................................................................................................................

13.8 CHECK MODEL 13-5................................................................................................................

14.0 HELP FEATURES 14-1....................................................................................................................

A.0 APPENDIX A-1................................................................................................................................

A.1 PRECEDE COMMENT DATA A-1..........................................................................................

A.1.1 Leg Data Comment #1 A-1................................................................................................

A.1.2 Leg Data Comment #2 A-1................................................................................................

A.1.3 Elevation Data Header A-1................................................................................................

A.1.4 Elevation Data Comment A-2...........................................................................................

A.1.5 Leg Member Group Label Data A-2..................................................................................

A.1.6 Pile Member Group Label Data A-2..................................................................................

A.1.7 Jacket Row Definitions A-2...............................................................................................


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A.1.8 User Defined View Comment #1 A-3...............................................................................

A.1.9 User Defined View Comment #2 A-3...............................................................................

A.1.10 User Defined View Comment #3 A-3.............................................................................



A.1.13 User defined View Comment #6 A-4..............................................................................


A.1.15 Special Joint Designator Data A-5..................................................................................

A.1.16 Special Member Designator Data A-5.............................................................................

A.1.17 Equipment Definition Comment #1 A-5.........................................................................



B.0 INDEX B-1........................................................................................................................................


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SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION


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1-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This program was developed to provide the design engineer with an intuitive and efficient

tool with which geometric structures may be defined and manipulated.

1.1 GENERAL INFORMAT ION

Input to this program may be in the form of an ASCII SACSdata file, a binary restart

file generated from a previous version of Precede, or there may be no previously definedinput data.

This program provides for special handling of structures that are jacket oriented, but is

also adept at handling non-jacket structures. Precede can automatically generate 5different structure types, such as jackets, decks, dolphin/wharves, towers or space frames.

For example, jackets with 1, 3, 4, 6 or 8 main legs may be automatically generated withgrouted or non-grouted piles. Structures generated using the automatic generation facilityhave elevation, plan and face views created that may be displayed easily. Section 2.2addresses the jacket generation facilities in detail.

Output from Precede consists of an ASCII SACSmodel input file to be used by the

SACSsystem. Model plots maybe generated directly inside of Precede using anyinstalled plotter or printer (refer to the Windows documentation for complete details).Model report files may also be generated from Precede.

During any modeling session, each operation performed on a joint, member or plate is

saved in an edit file. An "Undo" operation is available to retrace any inadvertent orincorrect steps, and a "Redo" operation is available to retrace an inadvertent "Undo"operation. The program has the capability to store the last one hundred operations.

1.2 PROGRAM OVERVIEW

1.2.1 System Configuration

Before executing Precede for the first time, the SACSsystem configuration file should

be generated using the SACSExecutive. Precede accesses the configuration file name"configg.sac" defined by environmental variable "SACGCFG". Data from theconfiguration file is used in all subsequent executions and may be edited by using the

SACSExecutive. If the configuration file is not found or if the file does not exist,Precede will exit with a "configuration file not found" error message.

Note: The environmental variable "SACGCFG" must contain the full path

name of the configuration file including the filename.

The configuration parameters used in Precede may be changed for the current session

using the File/Setup option.


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SECTION 2

GETTING STARTED


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2.0 GETTING STARTED

2.1 BEGINNING A MODEL ING SESSION

The Precede modeling session is begun by double clicking on the Precede Model icon

found within SACSExecutive. After double clicking on the Model icon, the user mayOpen the last file edited, create a new structure, or edit an existing model. Within Precedean existing structure may be modified(File/Open) or a new structure may begenerated(File/New).

2.2 GENERATING A JACK ET STRUCTURE

Precede has the ability to generate jacket type structures automatically. Jackets with 1, 3,

4, 6 or 8 main legs may be automatically generated with or without grouted or non-grouted piles and up to three skirt piles at each corner leg. Conductors can also be

generated automatically.

The Jacket Wizard is invoked by selecting the File/Newmenu item then selecting theJacketbutton from theNew Structure wizard, see Section 3.1.

Specify the work point, top framing and mudline elevations, the leg batter, the distancebetween legs at the work point and the number of bays desired or the minimum angle

between the leg and the diagonal braces. From this information, Precede will calculatethe intermediate elevations and place the information in the appropriate fields in theJacket Type Structuredialog.

2.2.1 Jacket Information

Specify the number of legs and whether the legs have grouted, non-grouted or no piles.

The work point (the elevation at which the legs become vertical), the pile connectingelevation (elevation at which the leg is shimmed to the pile), the mudline elevation andall intermediate elevations including those above the work point should be specified.Additional information relating to conductors, skirt piles and pile stubs may be specifiedon the Conductorsand Skirt Pilestabs.


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2.2.2 Non-grouted Structures

When legs are designated as ungroutedon theJacket Type Structuredialog, Precede

generates coincident leg and pile joints from the mudline, up to the pile connectingelevation and at all specified intermediate (entered in Other elevationson theJacket TypeStructuredialog) elevations between. By default, the leg joint is odd numbered and thecoincident pile joint is numbered one greater than the leg joint (i.e. leg joint 101 iscoincident with pile joint 102). Leg joints are also created at the pile connecting elevationand at any elevations specified above the pile connecting elevation.

The program also creates the appropriate leg and pile members incident upon leg and pile

joints respectively and connects coincident leg and pile joints with wishbone members.At the pile connecting elevation, only leg joints, which are shared by the leg and pile

members are created. Pile joints at the mudline, or at the pile stub elevation if specified,are assigned pile head(PILEHD) fixities, see Section 5.13.

2.2.3 Grouted Structures

When legs are designated as grouted on theJacket Type Structuredialog, leg joints aregenerated from the mudline, upward, at all specified elevations and numbered accordingto the default numbering scheme. Pile joints, pile members and wishbone members arenot created. Leg joints at the mudline, or at the pile stub elevation if specified, areassigned PILEHD fixities, see Section 5.13.

2.2.4 Pile Stubs

A pile stub or pile extension elevation may be specified on theJacket Type Structure

dialog. The program will create pile extensions and assign PILEHD fixities to the joints

at this elevation.Up to three skirt piles can be specified at the corner jacket legs onJacket Type Structure

dialog along with the top elevation of the skirt piles. The skirt pile leg and pile joints are

generated assuming that the skirt pile type (grouted or non-grouted) is the same as thejacket main piles. The program will prompt for the skirt pile batter and spacing.

2.2.5 Conductors

Up to three conductor well bays may be generated automatically by specifyinginformation on the Conductorstab of theJacket Type Structuredialog. The number of

conductor rows in the global X direction and the global Y direction are entered for eachwell bay. The top conductor elevation and any elevations at which the conductors should

not be connected to the structure are also specified. For each well bay, the spacingbetween conductors and the location of the well bay are specified on the ConductorSpecificationdialog.


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Precede will generate an odd numbered structure joint n, and a coincident conductor jointn+1 at all elevations that the conductor is connected to the structure. These joints areconnected by a wishbone member.

2.2.6 Specifying Leg Data

Upon selecting theNextbutton on theJacket Type Structuredialog, Precede invokes theColumn/Leg Specificationdialog. The row labeling and leg numbers are entered on theRow and Legs tab.

The leg spacing at the work point elevation is entered on Spacingtab.


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Note: Leg numbers must be odd numbers from 1 to 99. Leg joints will becreated at each elevation specified on the Jacket Specification

Data screen in the form "eeLL" where ee represents the elevation

number (usually with 1 being the lowest elevation) and LL is the

leg number. For example: for a leg designated as leg number 3 for

a structure with mudline elevation -100 and intermediate

elevations at -65.0 and -10.0, leg joint numbers 103, 203 and 303

corresponding to elevations -100, -65 and -10 respectively, will

be generated.

Based on this data, Precede will define face and plan elevation views accessible in theFACEand PLANsub-menu items of theDISPLAYmenu. A face is defined by a minimum

of two main legs. An elevation is defined in the global XY plane at each elevationspecified on the General tab of theJacket Type Structuredialog.

The batter of the each leg in the in the XZ and YZ planes is specified as a real number

representing the rise/run of the leg in that plane. This information is entered on theLegBatter tab of the Column/Leg Specificationdialog.


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2.2.7 Parallel Bracing Layout

Precede has the ability to determine the intermediate elevations of a jacket based on maindiagonal brace angles or number of jacket bays. To utilize this feature select theJacket

button, select the Use parallel bracing optioncheck box and select OKbutton. TheParallel Bracing Layout dialog is then invoked.

2.3 DEFAULT GROUP NAMESThe following are the group names referenced by members generated automatically by

the jacket generation facility:

Group Name

Piles PLn

Conductors CNn

Wishbones W.B

Legs LGn

Skirt piles SKn


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Note: For grouted leg structures, pile and wishbone members are notgenerated.

The automatic tubular sizing feature assigns member groups as follows:

Group Name Group Name

Horizontal members Hmn Diagonal members Dmn

K-braces Kpn X-braces Xqn

where n indicates the bay or elevation number beginning with 1-9 then continuing with

A-Z. The variable m is 'A' for members in Rows 1, 2 and 3. The variable m for membersin Rows A and B is 'B' for members between the legs of Rows 1 and 2, C for members Bbetween the legs of Rows 2 and 3 and D for members between the legs of Rows 3 and 4.

2.4 UNDO AND REDO

Precede has the ability to "undo" or "redo" program functions. The program saves the last100 modeling functions (add, delete, modify, etc.) on a joint(s), member(s), plate(s),shell(s), group(s), section(s) and/or stiffener(s), etc.

Selecting 'Undo' button on the Standard tool bar will negate the last functionperformed. Selecting 'Undo' again negates the function performed previous to the last

one. Any function negated by the 'UNDO' feature may be redone selecting 'REDO' buttonon Standard tool bar. "Redo" may be selected to redo as many functions as has beenpreviously negated.

Note: The REDO feature is only available immediately after afeature(s) has been negated by UNDO. Once another function

besides UNDO or REDO has been performed "Redo" cannot be used.

2.5 EXITING THE MODELING SESSION

Select the File/Exit menu option to exit the modeling session. If the model has been

updated since it was last saved, an opportunity to save it will be provide.


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SECTION 3

FILE FEATURES


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3.0 FILE FEATURES

3.1 NEW

New is used to start a new model. This will invoke theNew Structure Wizarddialog. If

the current model has been modified since it was last saved, the program will querywhether to save the model before it is closed.

3.2 OPENOpen is used to open an existing model, in the form of a restart file or a SACSinput

file, for editing. If the current model has been modified since it was last saved, theopportunity to save it is provided before the new model file is opened.

3.3 SAVE

Save is used to save the current model as a SACSinput file only. Any plots or model

reports sent to file are also saved. Precede will overwrite the previous version of the file.Choose Save As from the File menu if the filename is to be changed or if the previousversion of the file should not be overwritten.


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3.4 SAVE AS

The Save As option on the File menu provides the ability to designate the filename to be

saved.

3.5 SAVE NPF AS

The Save NPF As option on the File menu provide the ability to designate the filename ofthe Neutral Picture File(NPF) file, see also Section 3.9.1.

3.6 SETTINGS

The Setup option allows the default program display, file and model options to beoverridden for the current modeling session.

Note: The default program options may be modified using SACSExecutive.

The default colors may be modified for the current modeling session on the Display

Color dialog.

3.7 PLOT

The Plot option allows the display of views to be sent directly to a print device. The list

of defined print devices is specified from the WindowsControl Panel. Refer to the

Windowsdocumentation for further explanation.


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3.7.1 Title

This title will appear on the Screen plot only. The titles for all other plots are taken from

the View ID, Face or Plan description.

3.7.2 Screen

This feature plots the display window contents to the print device.

3.7.3 Full Set

This feature plots all defined faces and plans and the isometric view of the entire

structure to the current print device.

3.7.4 Faces

This feature plots all defined face views to the print device.

3.7.5 Plans

This feature plots all defined plan views to the print device.

3.7.6 Views

This feature plots all defined views(plan, face and saved) to the print device.

3.7.7 Select Views

This feature queries user to select which saved views to plot to the print device.

3.8 PAGE SETUPThis option allows print settings such as margins, border and color to be specified.

3.9 EXPORT

These options allow the user to export the active window to either the Windowsclipboard, a Neutral Picture File(NPF), AutoCAD DXF(drawing exchange file), or aWindows Metafile format(WMF).


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3.9.1 Windows Clipboard

This feature exports the active window to the Windows clipboard for pasting into other

Windows based applications as a bitmap graphic.

3.9.2 Neutral Pic ture File

This feature exports the active window to a temporary NPF file. The temporary NPF is

appended each time this export option is used until the File/Save NPF As command isinvoked. This allows the user to change views and export all these views to a single NPF.After the File/Save NPF As is invoked, subsequent uses of the Export/Neutral PictureFile will be written to a new temporary NPF file.

3.9.3 DXF

This feature exports the active window to a 2D AutoCAD DXF file.

3.9.4 Windows Metafi le

This feature exports the active window to a Windows Metafile.

3.10 EXIT

This option is used to exit Precede. Precede prompts the user to save any updates to the

model since the last save before exiting.


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SECTION 4

DISPLAY FEATURES


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4.0 DISPLAY FEATURES

4.1 ACTIVE/ISOMETRIC

The Active/Isometric display feature displays all active joints, members, plates and shells

in a three dimensional perspective view. If a display volume is set, then all active jointsand elements within the specified volume are displayed.

4.2 FACE

This feature allows the user to select the plane of a predefined face to be displayed. Anout of plane tolerance may be entered.

Note: Faces planes are generated automatically when the automatic jacketgeneration facility is used. Faces planes may also be generated

using the Misc/Define Leg option, see Section 13.4.

4.3 PLAN

This feature allows the user to select the plane of a predefined plan to be displayed. Thedesired plan is selected from the list box then the out of plane tolerance may be entered.

Note: The plan planes are generated automatically when the automaticjacket generation facility is used. Plan may also be generated

using the Misc/Define Leg option, see Section 13.4.


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4.4 PLANE

The Plane display option activates the Display/Plane sub-menu allowing access to plane

and volume display features. Planes or volumes containing joints that are located in thespecified plane and/or volume and any active member or plate elements connected to the

joints are shown, may be displayed. The plane display features allow for an out of planetolerance to be specified.

Note: Only member or plate elements that have all connecting jointsshown are included on the display.

In addition to displaying volume contents, volume display features deactivate everything

lying outside of the specified volume. Therefore, once a volume is activated, the ResetVolumes option must be used to display joints and elements lying outside of thevolume(s) designated. The XY, XZ and YZ volume features may be used in conjunctionwith each other to define cubes that are to be displayed.

4.4.1 3 Joints

This option will define a plane view may be defined by any three joints that are notaligned along a line. The first two joints picked define the line used as the horizontal

display axis of the plane. The third joint picked is used to define plane to be displayed.

Note: The plane is displayed such that the line defined by the first twojoints is aligned horizontally and is displayed from left to right

on the display.

4.4.2 XY Plane

This option will display a global XY plane, defined by a global Z (vertical) coordinate.

An out of plane tolerance may be specified.

4.4.3 XZ Plane

This option will display a global XZ plane, defined by a global Y coordinate input. Anout of plane tolerance may be specified.

4.4.4 YZ Plane

This option will display a global YZ plane, defined by a global X coordinate input on theData line. An out of plane tolerance may be specified.

4.4.5 XY Volume

This option will display a volume defined between two global XY planes. The volume isdefined by a minimum and maximum global Z coordinates and any XZ and/or YZvolumes already specified.

4.4.6 XZ Volume

This option will display a volume defined between two global XZ planes. The volume isdefined by a minimum and maximum global Y coordinates specified and any XY and/or

YZ volumes already specified.


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4.4.7 YZ Volume

This option will display a volume defined between two global YZ planes. The volume is

defined by the minimum and maximum global X coordinates and any XY and/or XZvolumes already specified.

4.4.8 Reset Volumes

This option resets the volume range coordinates to the default values of -and for XY,XZ and YZ volumes.

4.5 SELECT

The Select option allows the user to select display options and to include and/or exclude

portions of the structure for display purposes.

The Display Options check boxes are used to designate whether or not disconnectedjoints (joints with no active members connected), members, member offsets, plates, plateoffsets, and shell elements are to be displayed.

The Joint Ranges frame allows up to 4 joint ranges to be defined. Joint numbers within

the specified ranges may be designated to be either included or excluded from the displayby selecting the Include or Exclude button, respectively. When the joint ranges are

designated as Include(d), only joints within the specified ranges are active for displaypurposes. When the ranges are designated as Exclude(d), joints within the specified

ranges are excluded for display purposes.

Up to 20 member and/or plate groups may be specified to be included or excluded from

the display. When groups are designated as Include(d), only elements that have allincident joints active and are assigned to one of the specified groups are considered activefor display. When groups are designated as Exclude(d), all elements assigned to one ofthe specified groups are excluded from the display.

The 'Member groups only' check box designates whether only member groups are to beincluded or excluded (checked), or member and plate groups are to be included or

excluded (unchecked).


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4.6 RESET SELECT

This option will reset all display settings set using the Display/Select option. All elements

will be displayed.

4.7 LABELING

The Display/Labeling features allow for joints, members, plates and/or shells to belabeled on the display. In general, label sub-menu items are toggles that turn the featureon or off.

4.7.1 Joints

The Joints menu item accesses the joint information labeling features on the sub-menu.

Joint labels include joint number, fixity or boundary condition, joint symbol and jointdesign setting.

a. Number - The joint Number toggle alternately labels the corresponding jointnumber above each joint displayed or removes the joint number(s) from thedisplay.

b. Fixity - The fixity or boundary condition are alternately displayed or concealedusing this toggle. The fixity is represented by a six character label corresponding

to translation X, Y and Z and rotation X, Y and Z DOFs.c. Symbol - The joint symbol of each active joint is alternately shown or concealed.

Joints with all degrees of freedom free (blank or zero) are represented with an 'X'.Joints with at least one restrained or fixed DOF are represented with a triangleand joints with a spring DOF are displayed as a square. Joints assigned an activeretained or master DOF for dynamic analysis are displayed as inverted triangles(see Dynamic BC below).

d. Design - This toggle displays or conceals the joint design option used by theautomatic joint design feature, see Section 5.15.1. Joints designated to beexcluded in the automatic design are labeled with an 'E' and joints specificallydesignated to be included are designated with an 'I' (see Sections 5.15.3 &5.15.4). Joints not designated as either included or excluded are not labeled.

e. Dynamic BC - This option allows the user to set which DOFs are to beconsidered active when showing dynamic boundary condition symbols. The usercan select those degrees of freedom which are to be used in determining whether

a joint is to be shown with the retained boundary condition symbol (invertedtriangle).

Setting the X On/Off toggle to 'On' indicates that any joint with the X translation

degree of freedom retained (2) is to be displayed using the dynamic BC symbol.Similarly, setting the Y On/Off or the Z On/Off toggles to 'On' indicates that anyjoint with the Y or the Z translation DOF retained (2) is to be represented usingthe dynamic BC symbol. The XR On/Off, YR On/Off and the ZR On/Off togglesrefer to the X, Y and Z rotational DOFs, respectively.


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4.7.2 Members

Members menu item accesses the member information labeling toggles on the sub-menu.Members may be labeled showing only one of the following at one time: group label,section name, Fy, Ky or Ly, Kz or Lz, unbraced length of compression flange (Lb), local

coordinate system, and orientation.a. Group Label - The property group label of all active members may be alternatelydisplayed or concealed using this toggle. The positive direction of the local Xaxis points from the start joint to the end joint of the member.

b. Section - The cross-section label, or diameter and thickness for tubular members,of each segment for active members may be alternately displayed or concealedusing this toggle.

c. Fy - The yield strength of each segment for active members may be alternatelydisplayed or concealed using this toggle.

d. Ky or Ly - The - This toggle alternately shows or conceals the value of Ky or Lyof all active members.

e. Kz or Lz - This toggle alternately shows or conceals the value of Kz or Lz of all

active members.f. Lb - The unbraced length of compression flange (Lb) for all active members may

be alternately displayed or concealed using this toggle. Members with no Lbspecified are labeled with the member length.

g. Local CS - Active members may be labeled with an arrow pointing in thepositive direction of the local X axis using this toggle. The positive direction ofthe local X axis points from the start joint to the end joint of the member.

h. Orientation - The orientation of the cross section of each active member aredrawn or concealed using the Orientation toggle. The orientation of the crosssection is drawn as if standing at joint A of the member looking at joint B with

your head in the direction of the positive local Z axis. The height and width ofthe cross section is drawn to scale, but thicknesses are not shown.


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i. Show Offsets - This toggle determines whether members are to be drawnshowing the actual member length including offsets (checked) or drawn fromstart joint to end joint without offsets shown (unchecked).

4.7.3 Plates

Plates may be shown with the plate property group, the plate name, and/or the Localcoordinate system labeled.

a. Group Label - Active plates may be alternately labeled or unlabeled with theircorresponding group label.

b. Name - The plate name of active plates may be alternately shown or concealedusing the Name toggle.

c. Local CS The local coordinate system of each plate may be alternately shownor concealed using the Local CS toggle.

d. Show offsets The offset of each plate may be alternately shown or concealedusing the Show offsets toggle.

e. Show full size - This toggle allows plates to be shown in their actual size orreduced by 10%. The reduced mode allows for members connected to the samejoints to be seen in addition to the plates.

Note: The effects of plate group offsets are not shown when displayingplates.


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4.7.4 Shell

Shells may be shown with the name and/or the local coordinate system labeled.a. Name The shell name of the active shell may be alternately shown or concealed

using the Name toggle.

b. Local CS The local coordinate system of each plate may be alternately shownor concealed using the Local CS toggle.c. Show full size - This toggle allows shells to be shown in their actual size or

reduced by 10%. The reduced mode allows for members connected to the samejoints to be seen in addition to the shells.


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4.7.5 Load

The Display Load feature allow the user to display the members and/or joints whereloading of the specified load condition is applied. The summation and center of force ofthe designated loading are reviewed after closing the Labeling dialog.

Note: The load ID may contain the wild card character "*" in anycharacter position.

a. Joint - This feature designates that all joints currently displayed that have loadingapplied in the specified load condition and load label are to be differentiated byhighlighting in a different color (normally purple). If no load identification labelis designated, then all loaded joints for the specified load condition will behighlighted.

b. Member Concentrated - This option marks the location on each displayedmember that a concentrated load is defined for the specified load condition and

load identification label with an 'X'. If no specific load identification label issupplied, then all members that have concentrated loads defined in the specified

load condition are marked.

c. Member Distributed - The Member Distributed feature shows the portions ofmembers that have distributed loading applied in the specified load condition andload label in a different color (normally purple). If no load identification label isdesignated, then loaded portions of members for the specified load condition arehighlighted.

d. Temperature - The Temperature feature highlights all members that havetemperature load defined for the specified load condition and load identificationlabel. If no specific load identification label is designated, all members loaded forthe specified load condition are highlighted. The sum and center of force are notavailable for review.


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4.7.6 Special

Special display features may be selected from the Special tab.a. Out of plane offsets - this toggle designates whether or not elements that are

offset out of the joint plane are to be displayed in a different color. This option is

only applicable when a plane is displayed on the screen.b. Members w/o properties - this toggle is used to designate whether or notelements not assigned to a property group are to be displayed in a different color.

c. Through members - members designated as through members, X-brace membersor K-brace members may be shown in a different color using this toggle.

d. Dummy structure - members defined as part of a Dummy Structure or anAppurtenance Structure may be displayed in a different color using this toggle,see Section 10.1.11.

e. None - all labeling specified above is removed/turned off.f. Show rows and elevations - this toggle alternately displays or conceals row and

elevation labels. This label is only applicable for structures containing the rowand plan definitions created automatically or using the Misc/Leg Define option,

see Section 13.4.


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4.8 LOAD DIAGRAM

This feature displays the loading diagram of a member or set of members for a specified

load condition. After selecting the Load Diagram menu item, the member(s) to bediagramed is selected and the desired load condition is selected or entered. The local Y

and Z axes load diagrams are displayed for the first member selected.


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4.9 ROTATE

The Rotate features allow the active display to be rotated about the global X, Y, Z or

screen axes.a. X axis - rotates the structural coordinate system about the global X axis by theangle specified. This feature is for display purposes only, actual joint and elementlocations remain unchanged.

Y axis - rotates the structural coordinate system about the global Y axis by theangle specified. This feature is for display purposes only, actual joint and element

locations remain unchanged.b. Z axis - rotates the structural coordinate system about the global Z axis by the

angle specified. This feature is for display purposes only, actual joint and elementlocations remain unchanged.

c. Screen - rotates the display by the specified angle about the line perpendicular tothe screen. Actual joint and element locations remain unchanged.

4.10 2 LINE

2 Line displays the structural elements as 3D solids(excluding shells) and removes hidden

lines.


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4.11 SHOW IN 3-D

The 3-D toggle switches the display mode from a 2-D plane mode to a 3-D perspective

mode, or vice versa, when a plane that has out of plane tolerance specified is active. Thedefault mode when a plane is active is 2-D.

4.12 ZOOM BOX

The Window features allow the user to zoom, delete joints, delete elements, delete beam

elements, delete plate elements, renumber joints, translate/rotate/duplicate or designconnection offsets of the portion of the structure enclosed in a rectangular window orbox. After selecting the appropriate window feature from the sub-menu, one corner of the

box is picked, then the diagonally opposite corner of the box is picked.

Note: Once the first corner of the box is picked, a box is drawn fromthe first corner to the mouse arrow location. Do not hold down the

mouse button after picking the first corner of the box.

4.12.1 Zoom Display

This feature expands the area within the designated window so that it fills the entiredisplay area.

4.12.2 Delete Joints

All joints which lie inside the designated window are deleted along with all attached

structural elements.

Note: Corresponding joint and element loads will also be deleted, inaddition to structural elements not displayed on the screen but

connected to the joints.

4.12.3 Delete Elements

All structural elements which lie within the window are deleted, in addition to the

corresponding element loads.

4.12.4 Delete Members

This function deletes all members which lie completely within the designated window, in

addition to the corresponding member loads.

4.12.5 Delete Plates

All plates, which lie completely within the designated window, in addition to anycorresponding plate loads, are deleted using this function.

4.12.6 Increment Joints

The joint numbers of all joints which lie inside the window are incremented by the

amount specified.

4.12.7 Translate/Rotate

All joints which lie inside the defined window are selected to be translated, rotated and/or

duplicated. This feature inputs joints residing within the window into the Joints/Translate& Rotate option, see Section 5.10, instead of requiring the user to input joint ranges.


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4.12.7.1 General

The rotation angle, axis about which to rotate, the X, Y and Z translations and/or X, Y

and Z scale factors are specified on the Translate and Rotate dialog. If the existing jointsare to duplicated, check the duplicate joints box, specify the number of duplications andwhether existing elements are to be copied. Beam elements may be created between theoriginal joint and its duplicate by checking the appropriate box on the Duplicate tab.


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4.12.7.2 Mirror Image

The joints and attached structural elements may be mirrored across any of the 3 structural

planes at a specified coordinate. The existing joints may be copied by checking theduplicate joints box and specifying the number of duplications and whether existingelements are to copied. Beam elements may be created between the original join and itsduplicate by checking the appropriate box on the Duplicate tab.

Note: Joints and elements lying in the structural plane are notduplicated.


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4.12.7.3 About a Line

The joints and structural elements may be rotated or copied about a line defined by 2

joints. The existing joints may be copied by check the duplicate joints box and specifyingthe number of duplications and whether existing elements are to be copied. Beamelements may be created between the original joint and its duplicate by checking theappropriate box on the Duplicate tab.

Note: The joints and structural elements lying on the line defined bythe 2 joints are not duplicated.

4.12.8 Joint Design

Joints which lie inside the defined window are selected to be designed using theJoints/Design/Auto option, see Section 5.15.1.

4.13 UNZOOM

This option returns any zoomed display to its original unzoomed form.

4.14 VIEW

The View display option activates the Display/View sub-menu.


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4.14.1 Select

This option allows the user to display user defined views by selecting the View ID from

the appropriate bin.

4.14.2 Save

The Save option allows the user to save the active display into one of the six available

bins. The user should select the desired bin in which to save the view from theDisplay/Save sub-menu. The user enters the View ID or name along with the optionalView title.

A maximum of thirty views per bin are allowed. View labeling will not be saved with the

view.

4.14.3 Delete

The Delete feature allows the user to delete a view defined in one of the bins. The view tobe deleted is selected from the appropriate bin of the Display/View/Delete sub-menu.

4.14.4 Rename Bin

The bin name may be changed using the Rename option by selecting the bin then

specifying the new name.

4.15 CYLINDER

4.15.1 Flat

This option will unroll the mesh such that all added elements will be added on theapproximated structure surface generated by the mesh versus the actual structure as

shown below. All joints selected MUST be on the circumference of the cylindrical mesh.

4.15.2 Round

This option will unroll the mesh such that all added elements will be added on the

structure surface generated by the mesh versus the approximated structure surfacedefined by the structural elements as shown below. All joints selected MUST be on thecircumference of the cylindrical mesh.


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4.16 DIMENSIONS

4.16.1 Add

This option adds a dimension label based on the settings the Dimension Settings dialog.

4.16.2 Edit

This option edits the style, text, and/or location of an existing detail feature.

4.16.3 Delete

This feature allows the user to delete any of the dimensions previously defined on the

current display. This is done by pointing the arrow to the dimension to be deleted andpressing the select switch. The dimension that is selected will then change colors. If it is

the dimension to be deleted, press the perform switch and the dimension will disappear

from the display.

4.16.4 Settings

4.16.4.1 Text

4.16.4.1.1 Distance

This option uses the distance as the label text.

4.16.4.1.2 User label

This option prompts the user to enter a custom label as the label text.

4.16.4.1.3 Axis System

This option positions a global coordinate axis system on the drawing.

4.16.4.1.4 None

This option does not use any label text.

4.16.4.2 Direction

4.16.4.2.1 True

This option draws the true dimension between any 2 joints/points in the active window.The dimensioning line will be parallel to the line between the two joints/points. If thepreviously defined location of the arrow tip is to be used instead, the Apply button isselected. A maximum of 100 dimensions may be placed on any one view.

4.16.4.2.2 Vertical


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This option draws a vertical dimension between any 2 joints/points on the current display.

The dimensioning line will be vertical relative to the screen. If the previously definedlocation of the arrow tip is to be used instead, the Apply button is selected. A maximum

of 100 dimensions may be placed on any one view.

4.16.4.2.3 Horizontal

This option draws a horizontal dimension between any 2 joints/points in the active

window. The dimensioning line will be horizontal relative to the screen. If the previouslydefined location of the arrow tip is to be used instead, the Apply button is selected. Amaximum of 100 dimensions may be placed on any one view.

4.16.4.3 Measure

4.16.4.3.1 Joints

This option draws any dimension (true, vertical or horizontal) between any 2 joints in theactive window.

4.16.4.3.2 Points

This option draws any dimension (true, vertical or horizontal) between either any 2 pointsin the active window.

4.16.4.4 Line type

4.16.4.4.1 Straight

This option draws any dimension line (true, vertical or horizontal) as either a straight line.

Only the straight line can have text dimensioning included with it.

4.16.4.4.2 Curve Up

This option draws any dimension line (true, vertical or horizontal) as a curved line whose

arc is upward. Only the straight line can have text dimensioning included with it.

4.16.4.4.3 Curve Down

This option draws any dimension line (true, vertical or horizontal) as a curved line whose

arc is downward. Only the straight line can have text dimensioning included with it.

4.16.4.4.4 S Curve

This option draws any dimension line (true, vertical or horizontal) as an S curved line.

Only the straight line can have text dimensioning included with it.

4.16.

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