Post on 30-Dec-2015
description
Rock Cycle
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-202VisualsIndex.HTM
View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia
Igneous Rocks Cool from the Molten State
• Extrusive -- Erupted on Surface (volcanic)
• Intrusive -- Solidify Within Earth (Plutonic)
Large Grain Size ---> Slow Cooling
• Extrusive Rocks -- Fine Grained
• Intrusive Rocks -- Coarse Grained
Metamorphic Facies Depth\Temp
300C 400C 500 C 600 C 700 C 800 C
5 km Zeolite Contact Metamorphism - Andalusite forms
10 km - 3 kb
GreenschistChlorite, Biotite form •Slate •Greenstone •Quartzite •Marble
AmphiboliteGarnet, Staurolite, Kyanite form •Schist •Amphibolite •Quartzite •Marble •Gneiss
GranuliteSillimanite formsMuscovite breaks down to K-feldsparPartial Melting •Gneiss
15 km Blueschist
20 km - 6 kb
25 km
30 km - 9 kb
35 km
40 km - 12 kb
Not Found Eclogite (Mantle)
Bowen's Series and Igneous Rocks
Metamorphism
•Changes in Rock Composition or Texture
•Due to Heat, Pressure and Action of Fluids (like magma)
Major Metamorphic Rock Types
Temp C
Temp F Coal Limestone Sandstone Basalt ShaleIndex Minerals
Lignite Bituminous
500 Anthracite
300 600 Graphite Marble Slate Chlorite
700 Greenstone
800 Quartzite Phyllite Biotite
500 900 Schist Garnet
1000 Amphibolite Staurolite
600 1100Gneiss
Kyanite
1200Sillimanite
700Melting Begins
Types of Metamorphism
Contact• Around Intrusions • Shallow: 0-6 Km • Low Pressure • Local
Regional• Wide Areas • 5-20 Km, Sometimes
30+ • High Pressure • Usually Accompained
by Deformation
Sedimentary Rocks
Deposited on or Near Surface of Earth by Mechanical or Chemical Processes
Environmental Clues in Sedimentary Rocks
• Fossils – Salt Water - Corals, Echinoderms – Fresh Water - Insects, Amphibians – Terrestrial - Leaves, Land Animals
• Color And Chemistry – Red Beds - Often Terrestrial – Black Shale - Oxygen Poor, Often Deep
Water– Evaporites – Arid Climates
Sediment Sizes and Clastic Rock Types
Sedimentary rocks made of silt- and clay-sized particles are collectively called mudrocks, and are the most abundant sedimentary rocks.
Rock Type Sediment Grain Size
Shale Clay less than 0.001 mm
Siltstone Silt .001-0.1 mm
Sandstone Sand .01-1 mm
Conglomerate Gravel 1mm +
Facies Changes
Plant Fragments Are Often Visible in Coal
Diagenesis
What Rocks Tell Us Rock Type How Classified What it Tells Us
IgneousComposition Tectonic Setting
Texture Cooling History
Sedimentary
Chemical Composition
Surface Environment
Grain SizeEnergy of Environment
Metamorphic
Composition Original Rock Type
Mineral MakeupTemperature, Pressure
Texture Degree of Change