Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Igneous Rocks Magma The Rock Cycle.
Rocks And the Rock Cycle. The Rock Cycle Rock Cycle.
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Transcript of Rocks And the Rock Cycle. The Rock Cycle Rock Cycle.
RocksRocks
And the Rock And the Rock CycleCycle
The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle
Rock CycleRock Cycle
RocksRocks A mixture of minerals, A mixture of minerals,
mineraloids, glass, or organic mineraloids, glass, or organic matter.matter.
Three main types of RockThree main types of Rock– IgneousIgneous– MetamorphicMetamorphic– SedimentarySedimentary
The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle
The changing of rocks from one form to The changing of rocks from one form to another by processes such as another by processes such as weathering, erosion, compaction, weathering, erosion, compaction, cementation, melting, and coolingcementation, melting, and cooling..
IgneousIgneousRocksRocks
Igneous RockIgneous Rock
The beginning of the The beginning of the Rock CycleRock Cycle
Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks
Starts as MAGMA… Starts as MAGMA… rock that has melted rock that has melted from pressure and heat from pressure and heat in the Earthin the Earth
Pressure and heat Pressure and heat buildbuild
Magma rises to Magma rises to surfacesurface
Comes out in Volcano Comes out in Volcano as LAVAas LAVA
Intrusive Vs. ExtrusiveIntrusive Vs. Extrusive Rocks form below Rocks form below
Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface Cool slowlyCool slowly Large crystals formLarge crystals form ExamplesExamples
– GraniteGranite
– DioriteDiorite
– GabbroGabbro
Rocks form when lava Rocks form when lava cools on or near cools on or near Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
Fast coolingFast cooling Small crystals formSmall crystals form ExamplesExamples
– ObsidianObsidian
– PumicePumice
– BasaltBasalt
IntrusiveIntrusive
GraniteGranite
Notice the crystalsNotice the crystals The crystals are pieces The crystals are pieces
of mineralof mineral
DioriteDiorite
GabbroGabbro
ExtrusiveExtrusive
ObsidianObsidian
RhyoliteRhyolite
PumicePumice
BasaltBasalt
ScoriaScoria
AndesiteAndesite
Three Compositions that effect Three Compositions that effect Igneous Rock TypesIgneous Rock Types
BasalticBasaltic GraniticGranitic AndesiticAndesitic
Dense, heavyDense, heavy
Dark ColoredDark Colored
Rich in Fe, MgRich in Fe, Mg
HawaiiHawaii
Light ColoredLight Colored
Lower DensityLower Density
Thick and StiffThick and Stiff
Lot of Si, OLot of Si, O
Violent EruptionViolent Eruption
Halfway Halfway between otherbetween other
twotwo
Igneous Rock TypesIgneous Rock Types
G a bb ro
In trus ive
B a sa ltS co ria
E x tru s ive
B a sa lt ic
D io rite
In trus ive
A n de s ite
E x tru s ive
A n d e s it ic
G ra n ite
In trus ive
R h yo liteP u m ice
O b sid ian
E x tru s ive
G ra n it ic
In g eo u s ro cks
BasalticBasaltic
AndesiticAndesitic
GraniticGranitic
MetamorphicMetamorphicRocksRocks
Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks
Rocks that have changed due to temperature Rocks that have changed due to temperature and pressure increases or that undergo and pressure increases or that undergo changes in compositionchanges in composition
Can be formed from:Can be formed from:– Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks– Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks– Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks
Formation of Metamorphic Formation of Metamorphic RocksRocks
Rocks beneath the Rocks beneath the surface under pressure surface under pressure and heatand heat
Once reach critical pt, Once reach critical pt, rocks meltrocks melt
Or mineral grains are Or mineral grains are flattenedflattened
New rocks formed by New rocks formed by combination of combination of processesprocesses
Classification of MetamorphicClassification of Metamorphic
FoliatedFoliated When mineral grains When mineral grains
flatten and line up in flatten and line up in parallel bandsparallel bands– SlateSlate– GneissGneiss
NonfoliatedNonfoliated When no banding When no banding
occurs during occurs during formationformation– QuartiziteQuartizite– MarbleMarble
Before and AfterBefore and After
ShaleShale SlateSlate
Before and AfterBefore and After
GraniteGranite GneissGneiss
Before and AfterBefore and After
SandstoneSandstone QuartziteQuartzite
Before and AfterBefore and After
LimestoneLimestone MarbleMarble
The Rock Cycle NowThe Rock Cycle Now
SedimentarySedimentaryRocksRocks
Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks
Sediments and Sedimentary Sediments and Sedimentary RocksRocks
Sedimentary rock are made when sediments Sedimentary rock are made when sediments become pressed or cemented together or become pressed or cemented together or when sediments precipitate out of a solutionwhen sediments precipitate out of a solution
Sediments are loose materials such as rock Sediments are loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, bits of plants and fragments, mineral grains, bits of plants and animals that have been moved by wind, animals that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravitywater, ice, or gravity
How they are madeHow they are made
11stst wind and/or water wind and/or water erode existing rockerode existing rock
22ndnd wind, water, ice, wind, water, ice, or gravity move or gravity move sediments to a new sediments to a new locationlocation
33rdrd new rocks are made new rocks are made by compaction or by compaction or cementationcementation
The two C’s that make Sed. RockThe two C’s that make Sed. Rock
Compaction:Compaction: after after erosion has moved erosion has moved sediment to new sediment to new location, pressure location, pressure from upper layers from upper layers pushed down on lower pushed down on lower layers and small layers and small sediments stick sediments stick togethertogether
Cementation:Cementation: from from large sediments, water large sediments, water socks through soil and socks through soil and rock and dissolves rock and dissolves minerals (calcite, minerals (calcite, hematite, & limonite) hematite, & limonite) these fill small spaces these fill small spaces in-between and hardenin-between and harden