Post on 19-Jan-2016
Religious & Religious & Women’s ReformWomen’s Reform
Chapter 15Chapter 15
Religious ReformReligious Reform
The Second Great Awakening: The Second Great Awakening: religious movement that swept religious movement that swept America in the early 1800’sAmerica in the early 1800’s
Leader: Charles Grandison Finney Leader: Charles Grandison Finney Believed in Believed in free willfree will rather than rather than
predestination( already decided by predestination( already decided by God). Taught individuals that they God). Taught individuals that they could could choose to save their souls by choose to save their souls by their own actionstheir own actions..
Leaders like Leaders like Finney held Finney held revivalsrevivals- huge - huge outdoor outdoor meetings.meetings.
Finney-“Save Finney-“Save yourself and you yourself and you can save the can save the world.” world.”
Religious ReformReligious Reform
Widespread Christian MovementWidespread Christian MovementRevival meetings= new lifeRevival meetings= new lifeEmotional SermonsEmotional Sermons Increased the amount of people Increased the amount of people
participating in churches (particularly participating in churches (particularly women)women)
Abolition and Temperance movement Abolition and Temperance movement are directly linked to are directly linked to 22ndnd Great Great AwakeningAwakening
Second Great Awakening
Christianity to African AmericansChristianity to African Americans
There was a strong belief that all There was a strong belief that all people, black or white, belonged to people, black or white, belonged to the same God.the same God.
Blacks and whites worshiped in the Blacks and whites worshiped in the same churches, although segregated same churches, although segregated by pews.by pews.
Many African Americans interpreted Many African Americans interpreted the Christian message as a promise the Christian message as a promise of eventual freedom.of eventual freedom.
TranscendentalismTranscendentalism
TRANSCENDENTALISM = a TRANSCENDENTALISM = a philosophy that asserts the primacy philosophy that asserts the primacy of the spiritual over the material.of the spiritual over the material.
The ultimate truth transcends the The ultimate truth transcends the physical world physical world
Nature was the source of deep Nature was the source of deep Human inspirationHuman inspiration
Genuine spirituality come through Genuine spirituality come through communion with naturecommunion with nature
Transcendentalists Transcendentalists and Natureand Nature
Nature was the source Nature was the source of deep Human of deep Human inspirationinspiration
Helps individuals see Helps individuals see truth within their soulstruth within their souls
Genuine Spirituality Genuine Spirituality come through come through communion with naturecommunion with nature
TranscendentalismTranscendentalism
Two key people:Two key people:Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson
Leader, Unitarian Minister, devoted to Leader, Unitarian Minister, devoted to TranscendentalismTranscendentalism
Henry David ThoreauHenry David ThoreauIndividuals should:Individuals should:
Resist conformityResist conformityProtested SlaveryProtested SlaveryBelieved people should not obey laws Believed people should not obey laws they considered unjust – they considered unjust – Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience
Utopian CommunitiesUtopian Communities
People optimistic about religious and People optimistic about religious and social reform tried to set up “perfect” social reform tried to set up “perfect” communities.communities.
Brook Farm and New Harmony, IndianaBrook Farm and New Harmony, Indiana Created communities based on self-Created communities based on self-
sufficiency, and wanted to create a “more sufficiency, and wanted to create a “more wholesome and simple life”.wholesome and simple life”.
Utopian communities generally did not last Utopian communities generally did not last more than a few years.more than a few years.
Prison ReformPrison Reform
Dorothea Dix-Dorothea Dix- social social reformer and activist for reformer and activist for prisoners and the mentally ill. prisoners and the mentally ill. 1841 she visited her first 1841 she visited her first prisonprison
Improved conditions in prison Improved conditions in prison systemssystems
Cruel punishments were Cruel punishments were banned, people convicted of banned, people convicted of minor crimes received shorter minor crimes received shorter sentences.sentences.
Debtors ( people who could Debtors ( people who could not pay $ they owed) were no not pay $ they owed) were no longer treated as criminalslonger treated as criminals
Improving EducationImproving Education
Horace Mann- Massachusetts Horace Mann- Massachusetts reformer of public education. reformer of public education. Became head of Mass. Board Became head of Mass. Board of education in 1837.of education in 1837.
In 1800 few children attended In 1800 few children attended school. Teachers were poorly school. Teachers were poorly trained. Students of all ages trained. Students of all ages crowded together in one room.crowded together in one room.
NY took the lead in improving NY took the lead in improving education. In 1814, the state education. In 1814, the state passed a law requiring local passed a law requiring local governments to set up tax- governments to set up tax- supported schoolssupported schools
Education Reform Cont.Education Reform Cont.
Horace Mann- Under Horace Mann- Under his leadership Mass. his leadership Mass. Built new schools, Built new schools, raised teacher’s pay, raised teacher’s pay, and opened 3 colleges and opened 3 colleges to train teachers.to train teachers.
Temperance MovementTemperance Movement
Movement Against AlcoholMovement Against AlcoholReligious based Social Reform Religious based Social Reform
MovementMovementBelieved crime, disorder, povertyBelieved crime, disorder, poverty
caused by alcoholismcaused by alcoholismDrinking was especially a problem for Drinking was especially a problem for
Women- husband abuse them, and Women- husband abuse them, and kids, and “drink the money”.kids, and “drink the money”.
Temperance Cont…Temperance Cont…
1826 American Society for the Promotion 1826 American Society for the Promotion of Temperanceof Temperance
Preached abstinencePreached abstinence Large meetingsLarge meetings Will later evolve into national movementWill later evolve into national movement Women’s Christian Temperance Union Women’s Christian Temperance Union
18781878 Anti-Saloon League 1880sAnti-Saloon League 1880s Eventually, under Progressives, will lead to Eventually, under Progressives, will lead to
prohibition of Alcohol under the 18prohibition of Alcohol under the 18thth Amendment to the Constitution that lasts Amendment to the Constitution that lasts 1920-1933.1920-1933.
FeminismFeminism
Women were active in reform and Revival- Women were active in reform and Revival- 22ndnd Great Awakening Great Awakening TemperanceTemperance AbolitionAbolition Women’s rightsWomen’s rights
Many women begin to call for women’s Many women begin to call for women’s rightsrights
““Men and women were created equal. They Men and women were created equal. They are both moral and accountable beings are both moral and accountable beings and whatever is right for man to do is right and whatever is right for man to do is right for women to do.”for women to do.”
A Call for Women’s RightsA Call for Women’s Rights
Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth: Former : Former slave who was one of the slave who was one of the most effective speakers for most effective speakers for women’s rightswomen’s rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia MottLucretia Mott: Abolitionists : Abolitionists who became influential who became influential advocates for women’s advocates for women’s rights.rights.
Seneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls Convention: : Meeting in NY which drew Meeting in NY which drew attention to the problems attention to the problems women facedwomen faced
Women’s Rights Cont..Women’s Rights Cont..
Created a “Declaration of Created a “Declaration of Sentiments” that was modeled after Sentiments” that was modeled after the Declaration of Independence the Declaration of Independence stating what women’s rights SHOULD stating what women’s rights SHOULD be. be.