An Age of Reform€¦ · An Age of Reform. The Second Great Awakening. Charles Finney • Started...
Transcript of An Age of Reform€¦ · An Age of Reform. The Second Great Awakening. Charles Finney • Started...
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An Age of Reform
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The Second Great Awakening
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Charles Finney
• Started religious revivals
• Convert sinners and urge people to change
the way they lived
• Revivals could last several days up to a week• Revivals could last several days up to a week
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Robert Owen
• Tried to start a Utopian community
– New Harmony
• Common ownership of property
• Resident raise their own food and produce their own • Resident raise their own food and produce their own
goods
• Why did this colony not last long?
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Social Reformers at Work
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The Temperance Movement
• Organized effort to end alcohol abuse
• Why was alcohol widely used?
• Most members were women….Why?
• Some wanted prohibition • Some wanted prohibition
• Why does this movement lose momentum?
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Dorothea Dix – Prison Reform
• Main goal was to improve prison conditions
– Prisons were cramped, poorly heated, and had
inadequate food
– Reformers wanted new buildings with bigger cells, – Reformers wanted new buildings with bigger cells,
sanitation and more humane treatment of
inmates
– Reformers wanted to look at who was in prison-
people who owed money and mentally ill should
not be in prison
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Dorothea Dix- Mental Hospitals
• Reform should include a separate institution
to be built – asylums
• Provide treatment for the patients , rather
than punishmentsthan punishments
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Horace Mann - Education
• Wanted public education to be free for all
• Create teacher colleges for teacher training
• Raise teacher wages
• Lengthen the school year• Lengthen the school year
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Prudence Crandall- Education
• Started educating African Americans
• Started a African American school for young
girls – school was destroyed by neighbors
• Outrage that followed opened the door for • Outrage that followed opened the door for
other schools to be built and soon there were
secondary schools and colleges for African
Americans
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The Fight Against Slavery
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Abolitionists Try To End Slavery
• Violence:
– Called for slaves to rise up against their masters
• Newspapers: wrote about the horrors of slavery
– William Lloyd Garrison – Liberator
– Frederick Douglas- North Star
• Antislavery Societies: held antislavery rallies and spoke out • Antislavery Societies: held antislavery rallies and spoke out against slavery
– Frederick Douglas, Sojourner Truth, Theodore Weld and Angelina Grimke
• Underground Railroad: helped slaves escape from the South
• Government Support: tried to get politicians to pass amendments against slavery – John Quincy Adams
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A Call for Women’s Rights
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How did the Women’s Suffrage
Movement Begin?
• Women became active in social reform
movements
– Believed women had important contributions to
American societyAmerican society
– Demanded equal rights as equal citizens
• Lucretia Mott
– Organizational skills and public speaking experience
– Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the
Seneca Falls Convention
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Seneca Falls Convention
• 300 men and women met to discuss the social, economic, religious and political rights of women
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton writes the Declaration • Elizabeth Cady Stanton writes the Declaration of Sentiments
– All men and women equal
– Listed injustices women suffered
– Demanded full equality
– Women’s suffrage- right to vote
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Women’s Rights Leaders
• Sojourner Truth – former slave and women’s rights speaker
• Susan B. Anthony- co- founder of the National Women’s Suffrage Movement
• Emma Willard and Mary Lyon started women’s seminary schools
• Emma Willard and Mary Lyon started women’s seminary schools
• Margaret Fuller – literary critic and writer
• Elizabeth Blackwell – first women to graduate medical school
• Maria Mitchell- professor at Vassar College teaching atronomy
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American Literature and Art
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How did American literature and art
have an impact on American life
• Transcendentalism(Emerson and Thoreau)
– Emphasized individualism
– Emotional ties between humans and nature
• American themes and American life• American themes and American life
– Writers wrote about:
• American history( Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van
Winkle)
• Westward expansion( Deer Slayer and Last of the Mohicans)
• Extreme emotions and psychology(Moby Dick and The
Scarlet Letter)
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American art and music
• American themes and celebration of American life– Paintings
• Thomas Cole and Hudson school of art painted the beauty and power of nature in America
• Caleb Bingham- life on our great rivers• Caleb Bingham- life on our great rivers
• George Catlin- ways and dignity of the American indian
– Music themes• Spirituals
• Work songs
• American life
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