Reform Movement. “Spiritual Reform From Within” [Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms &...
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Transcript of Reform Movement. “Spiritual Reform From Within” [Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms &...
Reform MovementReform Movement
“Spiritual Reform From Within”
[Religious Revivalism]
Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality
Asylum &Prison Reform
Education
Women’s Rights
Abolitionism
The Second Great AwakeningThe Second Great Awakening
Temperance
R1-1
The Rise of Popular Religion
The Rise of Popular Religion
In France, I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom pursuing courses diametrically opposed to each other; but in America, I found that they were intimately united, and that they reigned in common over the same country… Religion was the foremost of the political institutions of the United States.
-- Alexis de Tocqueville, 1832
Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting
Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting
“The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation.”
Charles G. Finney
Charles G. Finney
“soul-shaking”
conversionR1-2
TranscendentalismTranscendentalism
Liberation from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning.”
“Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe.
The role of the reformer was to restore man to that divinity which God had endowed them.
Transcendentalist ThinkingTranscendentalist Thinking
Man must acknowledge a body of moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof:– The infinite benevolence of God.– The infinite benevolence of nature.– The divinity of man.
Instinctively rejected all secular authority and the authority of organized churches and the Scriptures, of law, or of conventions
Ralph WaldoEmerson
Ralph WaldoEmerson
Henry DavidThoreau
Henry DavidThoreau
TranscendentalistTranscendentalist
The Transcendentalist Agenda
The Transcendentalist Agenda
Give freedom to the slave. Give well-being to the poor and the
miserable. Give learning to the ignorant. Give health to the sick. Give peace and justice to society.
Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement
American Colonization Society Sought to colonize "(with their consent) the
free people of color residing in our country,in Africa, or such other place as Congress may deem most expedient."
Creation of a free slave state in Liberia
William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison
Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.
Slavery was a moral, not an economic issue.“I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not
excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead.”
First published January 1, 1831
R2-5
The LiberatorThe Liberator
Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!
The Tree of SlaveryThe Tree of Slavery
“The North Star”Abolitionist and Women’s Rights Champion
R2-12
Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass
Sojourner Truth(Isabella Baumfree)
Sojourner Truth(Isabella Baumfree)
Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman
Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.
$40,000 bounty on her head.
Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.
“Moses”
Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad
Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth CadyStanton
Angelina and SarahGrimke
Susan B. Anthony
Prison and Asylum ReformPrison and Asylum ReformDorothea Dix
Visited every prison in Massachusetts
Wrote a pamphlet detailing the conditions
Success in Massachusetts led to national movement
Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849
Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849
The Beecher Family
Temperance MovementTemperance Movement
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
“The Drunkard’s Progress”
“The Drunkard’s Progress”
From the first glass to the grave, 1846
“Father of American Education”
R3-6
Horace MannHorace Mann
Children were clay in the hands of teachers and school officials
Children should be “molded” into a state of perfection
Discouraged corporal punishment
Established state teacher-training programs
Reform MovementReform Movement
Examples may include, but are not limited to, abolition, women's rights, temperance, education, prison and mental health reform, Charles Grandison Finney, the Beecher family.
Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Horace Mann, Dorothea Dix, Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman.
Second Great AwakeningSecond Great Awakening
“Spiritual Reform From Within”
[Religious Revivalism]
Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality
Asylum &Prison Reform
Education
Women’s Rights
Abolitionism
The Second GreatAwakening
The Second GreatAwakening
Temperance
1830-1860Reform
Movements
Middle ClassReforms
PrisonTemperance
Transcendental
Education
Abolitionist
HoraceMann
JosiahQuincy
DorotheaDix
Ralph WaldoEmerson Henry David
Thoreau
Unitarians
Susan B.Anthony
Elizabeth CadyStanton
CatharineBeecher
FrederickDouglass
Women’sSufferage
GrimkeSisters
WilliamLloyd
Garrison
Harriet BeecherStowe
HarrietTubman
AmericanColonial Society
SojournerTruth
1830-1860Reform
Movements
Middle ClassReforms
PrisonTemperance
Transcendental
Education
Abolitionist
HoraceMann
JosiahQuincy
DorotheaDix
Ralph WaldoEmerson Henry David
Thoreau
Unitarians
Susan B.Anthony
Elizabeth CadyStanton
CatharineBeecher
FrederickDouglass
Women’sSufferage
GrimkeSisters
WilliamLloyd
Garrison
Harriet BeecherStowe
HarrietTubman
AmericanColonial Society
SojournerTruth
1830-1860Reform
Movements
Middle ClassReforms
PrisonTemperance
Transcendental
Education
Abolitionist
HoraceMann
JosiahQuincy
DorotheaDix
Ralph WaldoEmerson Henry David
Thoreau
Unitarians
Susan B.Anthony
Elizabeth CadyStanton
CatharineBeecher
FrederickDouglass
Women’sSufferage
GrimkeSisters
WilliamLloyd
Garrison
Harriet BeecherStowe
HarrietTubman
SojournerTruth
AmericanColonial Society
Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement1816 American Colonization Society
British Colonization Society symbol