Percona XtraDB Cluster · FAQ Questions I am asked Percona XtraDB Cluster . It looks so easy. Why...

Percona XtraDB Cluster powered by Galera

Peter Zaitsev CEO, Percona

Slide Credits: Vadim Tkachenko Percona University,

Washington,DC Sep 12,2013

This talk

High Availability

Replication

Cluster

Percona XtraDB Cluster

What is HA

Availability

Avail ~ Ability

Ability to Avail

Availability by redundancy

Duplicate resources

Failover

Probability of failure

Single server: P

Two servers: P/2

X servers: P/X

Probability of failure

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

N of servers

Easy ?

Not if we deal with databases

Database

Redundancy ?

Database availability is hard

Service availability

Data availability

Replication

What is wrong with MySQL replication ?

“a”

“a” in async

“async”

“sync”

Didn’t we just reinvent

DRBD ?

Clustering

Free and Open Source

Synchronous or Virtually

synchronous

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_synchrony

Virtually synchronous

synchronous replication

multi-master replication

parallel applying on

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

Multi-master: MySQL

Multi-master: XtraDB Cluster

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

Parallel apply: MySQL

Parallel apply: XtraDB Cluster

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

XtraDB Cluster data consistency

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

Node provisioning

CAP theorem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem

Pick only TWO

Consistency Node

availability

Partition Tolerance

Network failure

MySQL Replication

Access to all systems -

Data consistency -

XtraDB Cluster

Access to all systems -

Data consistency -

3 nodes is the minimal

recommended configuration

Split brain

Which system to make available

Split brain

But you deal with consequences

You still can have this setup

Choice

MySQL Replication:

Access to all systems

Data consistency

XtraDB Cluster:

MySQL replication based

Flipper

details

Percona

XtraDB Cluster

Percona Server

WSREP patches

Galera library

Partnership

Percona

Codership

Full compatibility with existing

systems

Minimal efforts to migrate

Minimal efforts to

return back to MySQL

So, is this a perfect solution?

Limitations

Only InnoDB tables are fully

supported

MyISAM support is limited

OPTIMISTIC locking for

transactions on different servers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_cont

Traditional locking

Optimistic locking

The write performance is

limited by weakest node

Write performance

For write intensive applications

there could be datasize limit per

Not physical but logical

Join process. Step 1

Join process. Step 2

Join process: step 3

This is software + hardware

solution

InnoDB write performance

InnoDB performance + ACID

Cluster performance

•10 GigE

•Infiniband Network

•SSD

•PCI-e Flash Storage

Join process

State Transfer

Full data SST

New node

Node long time

disconnected

Incremental IST

Node disconnected

short time

Snapshot State Transfer

Mysqldump

Small databases

Donor disconnected for copy time

faster

XtraBackup

Donor disconnected for short time

slower

Incremental State Transfer

Node was in cluster

Disconnected for

maintenance

Node Crashed

Scaleability

Scale ~ Ability

Ability to Scale

Scaleability is similar to availability

XtraDB Cluster: Reads scalability is easy

Write scalability is complicated

N servers scale to :

•N factor 100% reads

•… …

•N/2 factor 50/50

•… …

•1 or const 100% writes

10 servers scale to :

• 1 server: 100 q/s

• 10 servers: 1000 q/s 100% reads

• 10 servers: 500 q/s 50/50

• 10 servers: 100 q/s (can be more)

100% writes

Questions I am asked

It looks so easy. Why did

not you implement it earlier?

It is not easy.

Computer science of group communication

and distributed transactions.

Credits to Codership Oy

How fast is it?

Reasonably fast.

Can I replicate XtraDB

Cluster to MySQL

Replication?

Async MySQL Replication

Would I install it on a

production system? gutefrage.net

Germany’s No. 3 Web Destination

http://www.percona.com/about-us/pressreleases/gutefragenet-standardizes-percona-xtradb-cluster

95% reads

How it is compared to

MySQL Cluster?

It is different

XtraDB

Cluster

Easy to migrate Easy to use Cloud / EC2 Changes in an

application Write scaling 99.999%

Resources

• http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtradb-cluster/

• http://www.codership.com/wiki/doku.php

• Virtual synchrony

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_synchrony

• CAP Theorem

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem

• Optimistic locking

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_control

Credits

• WSREP patches and Galera library is developed by

Codership Oy

Thank you!

Questions ?

You can try Percona XtraDB Cluster today!

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