“COMPARISON OF WATER QUALITY IN AND OUT OF STORMWATER POND” Kelynn Brengelman, Dr. David Buckalew

Longwood UniversityDepartment of Biological &Environmental Sciences

Purpose: To determine the quality of water that flows into and out of the stormwater pond on Longwood University’s campus, thus measuring the effectiveness of the retention of water in the pond.

Site 1: Adjacent to Edmunds St

2/2 2/9 2/23 3/1 3/15 3/21 3/29

104 8 468 48 256 3464 248

Site 2: Franklin St2/2 2/9 2/23 3/1 3/15 3/21 3/2

9

108 16 664 40 228 308 200

Site 3: Mouth of pond2/2 2/9 2/23 3/1 3/15 3/21 3/29

68 20 460 64 172 576 208

Site 4: Stormwater pond2/2 2/9 2/23 3/1 3/15 3/21 3/29

228 64 716 4 2596 2068 1952

Site 5: Downtown outlet behind church2/2 2/9 2/23 3/1 3/15 3/21 3/29

164 68 876 548 9680 2316 500

Site 6: Downtown outlet 22/2 2/9 2/23 3/1 3/15 3/21 3/29

200 56 692 336 9680 1740 568

Site 7: Downtown outlet 32/2 2/9 2/23 3/1 3/15 3/21 3/29

224 120 9680 228 220

Collection Protocol•Samples:- collected weekly at the same time of day- collected at least 48 hours after rain event- obtained from mid-column region facing upstream- collected by hand or dip method

Laboratory Protocol• Add Colilert® medium to 25mL sample 75ml sterile water mixture• Add mixture to Quanti-Tray® and seal• Incubate for 24 +/- 2 hours at 44.2°C• Bacterial numbers were obtained using the IDEXX Quanti-Tray MPN table

PURPOSE

METHODOLOGIES

BACKGROUND• E. coli are used as indicator species which may signal the presence of potential human pathogens including: Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Shigella, Salmonella and norovirus. • Fecal contamination can lead to gastrointestinal illness, skin, eye, neurologic, and wound infections.

RESULTS

GIS MAP OF SAMPLE SITES CONCLUSIONS Regular maintenance and upkeep is necessary to maintain the integrity of the pond. - Bacterial numbers increase within

the pond and downstream. - Pond is not currently serving its

purpose.- Presence of ducks may contribute

to high E.Coli count.- Replant select wetland species to

improve water quality.- Output drain from pond may need

to be lowered- Changes could improve water

qualities in Appomattox river, James river, Chesapeake bay.

- Poses public health implications regarding drinking water.

INITIAL VS CURRENT STATE OF POND

INITIAL CURRENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCESLewis, Lori. “Health Implications of Escherichia coli (e.coli) in Recreational and Drinking Water.” The Water Project. N.d. Web. 19 April, 2016.“Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetland Management Guidebook.” United States Environmental Protection Agency.” 2009. Web. 19 April, 2016.Clary, Jane et. al “Can Stormwater BMPs Remove Bacteria?” Wa Stormwater Center. 2007. Web. 19 April, 2016.

Thank you to Dr. Buckalew for his extensive help and guidance throughout this project, and thank you to the Longwood Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences.Finally, many thanks to Jessica Hoak for assistance with the GIS map.

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

500

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Average E.coli Count

Average E.coli by Site

# E.

coli

per 1

00m

L

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

200

400

600

800

1000

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1400

1600

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2000

MPN Numbers by Date & Site

2-Feb 9-Feb 23-Feb 1-Mar 29-Mar AvgSite Number

Mos

t Pro

babl

e N

umbe

rs (M

PN)