Ch 9 ReviewExamples

Learning

In Pavlov’s experiment, the meat powder was identified as this

producing salivation

Unconditioned Stimulus

This occurs when a dog responses to a clicker or a whistle with the same

response

Generalization

In Pavlov’s experiment, in the beginning (before learning) this was

the sound of a bell

Neutral stimulus

After conditioning has died out, Dwight can re-learn to expect an Altoid after

Jim restarts his computer much quicker the second time

Spontaneous recovery

If you become ill after eating the salad bar from Golden Corral, you will be

more likely to blame the food at Golden Corral and never eat there

again

Taste Aversion

Giving a dog a treat when you are trying to teach him how to sit

Positive reinforcement

In Pavlov’s experiment this (salivating) resulted from presenting the dog

with meat powder

Unconditioned Response

In Pavlov’s experiment, after learning or conditioning the sound of the bell

produces this (salivating)

Conditioned Response

A dog that knows to respond differently to a different hand signals

Discrimination

After learning to “stay” a dog owner stops giving a dog rewards for “staying” so the response will

eventually die out

Extinction

When a child is scared going through a haunted house and they are allowed to exit before the end of the haunted

house

Escape conditioning

Pavlov’s dogs, fears, even Dwight from “The Office can be taught through

this

Classical conditioning

Bingo or slot machines are an example

Variable ratio

Giving a child ice cream for good behavior all week at school or giving

a child candy to stop a temper tantrum in the grocery store

Reinforcement

An example would be a two week salary paycheck

Fixed interval

Food, drink, shelter, basic clothing

Primary reinforcer

Cleaning your room to get your mom to stop nagging you about it

Negative reinforcement

Swimming or riding a bike is this

Response chain

Receiving time out after hitting your little sister for a toy

Punishment or aversive control

Receiving a reward for good grades or consequences for bad grades

Operant Conditioning

Complaining to your parents and saying you have to work to avoid

Sunday dinner at Grandma’s house

Avoidance Conditioning

Motivators such as money, status, prestige, or praise

Secondary reinforcer

Teaching a child to write their own name – praising the child for getting the first letter and each letter after

that

Shaping

Getting a taxi in the city or pop quizzes

Variable interval

Picturing the location of the movie theater in Kennesaw and describing

how to get there

Cognitive map

A student receiving a reward for earning five stars for good behavior

all week

Token economy

A teacher who thinks about different ways to explain the math problem

for different types of learners

Cognitive Learning

Learning that “the human head weights eight pounds” from the

movie Jerry McGuire

Latent learning

At a new school you do not know what to do with your lunch tray, so you

watch other students for what to do at the end of lunch

Modeling

After repeated attempts to understand the vocabulary in Spanish, the

student gives up and decides it’s too hard

Learned helplessness

You can learn to dance from YouTube videos or in a class with guided

instruction, practice, and technique but both methods demonstrate this

concept

Social learning

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning all

demonstrate this

Behavior modification