AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was...

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AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is an…. Please turn in FRQ #3 Don’t forget to write down the questions & to leave room for your answers.

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Transcript of AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was...

Page 1: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

AP Psych DMA

1. In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an….

2. An event that increases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is an….

Please turn in FRQ #3

Don’t forget to write down the questions & to leave room for your answers.

Page 2: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Today’s Agenda DMA/turn in FRQ Review session info FRQ expectations Example of Conditioning Little Albert Schedules of reinforcement

Homework: Chap. 8 notes due Thursday, Oct. 27th

Chap. 8 test – Thursday, Oct. 27th

Page 3: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Chap. 8 Test Review Session7:00 AM Wheeler’s room Wednesday, Oct. 26th

Page 4: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

FRQ ExpectationsFormative FRQs – writing 1st drafts, turning in for feedback 10 points each

You will only receive 10 points if you…

Submit a full draft

• ALL parts of the question have been addressed

• ALL terms have been defined & applied

• TDA has been followed

26 students submitted FRQ drafts on Friday 12 of them failed because they did not submit full drafts.

Page 5: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Who was Skinner?What did he research?Discuss with a neighbor

Page 6: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Please take out a piece of paper & grab a textbook…

Page 7: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

I need a volunteer…You will get damp

Page 8: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Please write your responses on your paper…

1. Please identify each of these for the squirt bottle demonstration.

NS, UCS, UCR, CS and CR

Page 9: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

More questions to answer on your paper…

2. What is reinforcement?

3. What is the difference between positive & negative reinforcement? Please give examples

Page 10: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

What is reinforcement? Any event that increases the frequency of a preceding action.

What is the difference between positive & negative reinforcement? Positive – strengthens a response by presenting a (typically)

pleasurable stimulus.

Food, attention, approval, money… Negative – strengthens a response by reducing or removing an

averse stimulus.

Taking an Aspirin for a headache, smoking a cigarette to calm down, hitting the snooze button…

Page 11: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Office Clip sorry about the poor picture quality…

Clip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfZfMIHwSkU
Page 12: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

On your paper, please answer

4. Identify the NS, UCS, UCR, CS and CR from The Office clip.

Page 13: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Conditioning & Gaming…Clip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIqQOFXndJ4
Page 14: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

I need 3 volunteers

Page 15: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Boo/Clapping Operant Conditioning We need an action (different one for each volunteer) When our 1st subject comes in…

Clap every time he/she gets close to or does something like the action

• We’re trying to shape their behavior.

• When our 2nd subject comes in…

• Boo continuously until he/she does what we want.

• 3rd subject – will get boos & clapping DO NOT prompt them in anyway (except by using the

proper reinforcer).

Page 16: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Please answer on your paper…

5. Why was the clapping a positive reinforcer?

6. Why was the booing a negative reinforcer?

7. How did we shape the subject’s behavior?

8. Was the booing/clapping a primary or secondary/conditioned reinforcer?

9. What type of reinforcement schedule did we use? Page 326-327 if you need to refresh your memory.

Page 17: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Little AlbertWatson & Rayner

Page 18: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Historical Importance

Turn of the century everybody is into Freud and psychoanalysis

Pavlov and Watson move us into behaviorism. Radically opposed to the psychoanalytic viewpoint.

First to assert that emotional responses exist because we have conditioned to respond to certain stimuli in the environment.

Page 19: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Jumping the gun a bit

Watson is famous for the following quote:“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own

special world to bring them up in , and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant, and ,yes, beggarman and thief.” (Watson, 1913)

Page 20: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Emotional Theory Watson theorized that…

If a stimulus that automatically produces a certain emotion in you (such as fear) • is repeatedly experienced at the same moment as a

neutral stimulus (such as a rat) …

• the NS will become associated in your brain with fear.

Page 21: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Bringing up Baby

Albert B. was the subject recruited for this experiment. Albert was 11 months old. He was obtained from a

hospital where he had been raised as an orphan. There was considerable hesitation on part of the

researchers, but they went ahead with the experiment.

Page 22: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

There is NO WAY this experiment would be performed todayBasic ethical standards would prohibit it.

Page 23: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Watson and Rayner justified the experiment by explaining that such emotional pairings happen naturally, and that they intended to uncondition the baby.

(This never occurred as Albert was adopted before they had a chance.)

Note: Watson and Rayner were not cruel or sadistic people. This was before ethical standards existed.

Page 24: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

But on to the experiment:

First Albert was exposed to a variety of stimuli:

A white rat A rabbit A monkey A dog Masks White cotton wool

He was curious, but emotionally unaffected.

Page 25: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Now for the fear UCS was a loud noise caused by hitting a four foot steel

bar with a hammer. The NS was a rat. The process was repeated seven times. Afterward, the rat alone caused Albert to cry.

Page 26: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Generalization When presented with a white rabbit, He leaned away,

whimpered, and then burst into tears.

Remember – Albert was NOT conditioned to be afraid of the rabbit.

Page 27: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

He also had bad reactions to a dog, a white fur coat, a package of cotton, a Santa mask, and Watson’s head (he had gray hair.)

To test whether the location (room) had any bearing the experimenters changed rooms. Albert still had a negative reaction, although it was

lesser.

Page 28: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Why does this matter? BIG factor in the explanation and treatment of phobias

Applicable to studies like Sullivan & Lewis’ work with the facial expressions of infants i.e. how can we understand what baby is feeling in order to help

baby out?

Page 29: AP Psych DMA 1.In Pavlov’s experiments, the dog’s salivation triggered by the taste of food was an…. 2.An event that increases the frequency of the behavior.

Watson & Baby AlbertVideo clip

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FKZAYt77ZM

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