Laboratory of Nuclear Problems

Sergei Kotov

July 7, 2015

We still do not know ...

... why elementary particles have different mass?

... are there any more flavours of quarks and leptons?

... what are the properties of neutrino?

... if the Standard Model describes all possible phenomena?

... why there is much more matter than antimatter?

... what the 'dark matter' is made of?

... why quarks are confined inside hadrons and how strong interaction works?

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Foundation of LNP

18 August 1946. Sovietgovernment approved the proposalof Academician Igor Kurchatov toconstruct in USSR ''the installationM'‘ for fundamental studies in nuclear physics.

14 December 1949. The 480 MeVproton synchrocyclotron startedoperation at the HydrotechnicalLaboratory in Dubna, the mostpowerful accelerator in the worldat that time.

26 March 1956. Laboratory ofNuclear Problems of JINR has beenfounded.

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Synchrocyclotron 680 MeV (1953)

M.G.Meshcheryakov

Discoveries at synchrocyclotron

1. Direct deuteron liberation from nuclei by high energy nucleons (1957)

2. Cell self-recovery after lethal irradiation (1957)

3. Discovery of Helium-8 (1959)

4. Radiationless transitions in mesoatoms (1959)

5. Conservation of vector current in weak interactions, decay π+ → π0e+νe (1962)

6. Negative pion capture by the chemically bound hydrogen nuclei (1962)

7. Pion double charge exchange (1963)

8. Discovery of muonium in condensed matter (1965)

9. Change of relative intensity of K-series X-rays from mu-mesoatom (1965)

10. Resonant formation of muonic deuterium molecules (1965)

11. Resonant absorption of negative muons by nuclei (1968)

12. Muon spin precession with two frequencies in muonium atom in magnetic field (1969)

13. Capability of one-electron atoms to be a deep donors in semiconductor crystals (1969)

14. Quantum incoherent diffusion of positive muons in solid materials (1972)

15. Proton spin flipping during elastic scattering on protons at high energy (1975)

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Timeline

Since 1949 – experiments at the synchrocyclotron

Since 1967 – experiments at U-70 (IHEP, Protvino)

1979-1984 - synchrocyclotron upgraded to phasotron

1982 – 2000 – experiment DELPHI at LEP (CERN)

Since 1992 – participation in the ATLAS experiment at LHC

1993 - 2014 - participation in the CDF и DØ experiments at FNAL

Also, studies in the fields of radiochemistry, nuclear spectroscopy, accelerator

physics and technology, radiation medicine, radiobiology, and new particle

detectors are conducted at LNP

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Great minds of the Laboratory

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Mikhail MESHCHERYAKOV Venedikt DZHELEPOV Bruno PONTECORVO

Structure of the Laboratory

about 650 employees

among them about 500 scientific staff8

Particlephysics

Hadronphysics

Colliderphysics

Multiple hadron

production

Radiochemistry& nuclear

spectroscopy

Acceleratortechnology

IT, design office, workshops, services etc

Phasotron &radiation medicine

Intermediate energies

Fundamental research

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Main directions of research

Physics at LHC

ATLAS

Neutrino physics and cosmic rays

OPERA, BOREXINO, Daya Bay, BAIKAL-GVD, NEMO, GERDA, TGV, GEMMA, JUNO, NOVA

TUNKA-TAIGA, TUS, NUCLEON

Strong interactions and QCD

QCD tests: BES-III, ANKE, DIRAC

Spin physics: COMPASS, SPD @ NICA

Relativistic nuclear physics

MPD @ NICA, PANDA @ FAIR10

ATLAS experiment at LHC

11 @CERN

• LNP involvement since 1994

• Hardware contributions to

Muon Spectrometer and Tile

Calorimeter

• Software contributions to

calibration and alignment

Participation in Data Analysis:

• Higgs searches

• SUSY searches

• Searches for dilepton high-

mass resonances

ATLAS observation of Higgs boson

12 @CERN

ATLAS physics program

Main goals:

Search for Higgs boson

Physics beyond Standard Model (supersymmetry, extra dimensions, etc)

CP violation in B-meson decays

Tests of the Standard Model at energies above 2 TeV

Top quark properties

many more ...

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ATLAS physics program

Main goals:

Search for Higgs boson

Physics beyond Standard Model (supersymmetry, extra dimensions, etc)

Tests of Standard Model at energies > 2 TeV

Top quark properties

many more ...

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The principal source of HEP experimental data for the next 20 years!

Neutrino physics and astrophysics

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大亚湾

OPERA

BAIKAL-NT

Daya Bay

Neutrino physics and astrophysics

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Main goals

Direct observation of oscillations νμ→ντ (OPERA)

Measurement of θ13 → search for CP-violation in lepton sector (DayaBay)

Search for neutrinoless 2β decay (NEMO, GERDA, TGV)

Neutrino astronomy and astrophysics (BAIKAL-NT,GVD)

Neutrino magnetic moment (GEMMA-2)

Neutrino mass hierarchy (Juno, Nova)

Study of solar neutrinos (Borexino)

BAIKAL-GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector)

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• Searches for galactic and extragalactic sources of high energy neutrinos (> 3 TeV)

• Indirect searches for dark matter and exotics (monopoles, Q-balls)

• GVD will be part of the Global Neutrino Observatory

(Northern Hemisphere) together with IceCube and

ANTARES

• The first cluster of PMTs is already deployed

Strong interactions and QCD

Main goals:

Precision tests of QCD: nuclear forces, hadronization, confinement (NICA, PANDA)

Hadron spectroscopy and search for exotic particles (BES-III)

Nucleon structure and «proton spin crisis» (COMPASS)

Dense nuclear matter and formation of quark-gluon plasma (NICA, PANDA)

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BES-III experiment

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• Precision measurements in charmed meson and τ-lepton physics, light hadron

spectroscopy.

• LNP involvement: development of core software framework, simulation tools,

data analysis framework and distributed computing. No hardware contribution.

Observation of Zc±(3900)

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BESIII

BESIII: Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 252001 Confirmed by:

BELLE: arXiv:1304.0121, Cleo-C: arXiv:1304.3036

march 2013 г.

e+e- → π+π-J/ψ @ 4260 MeV

Mass = (3899.0±3.6±4.9) MeV

Width = (46±10±20) MeV

Observation of Z±c(4020) and Z±c(4025)

e+e- → Zc±(4020) → π+π-hc(1P)

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N= 6419 N= 5617

Ecm=4.26 GeV Ecm=4.36 GeV

Ecm=4.26 GeV

arXiv: 1308.2760

PRL 111 (2013) 242001

e+e- → Zc±(4025) → π±(D*D*)±

M(4025) = 4026.32.63.7 MeV

(4025) = 24.85.67.7 MeVSignificance >10 σ

M(4020) = 4021.81.02.5 MeV(4020) = 5.73.41.1 MeVSignificance 6.4 σ

Observation of Z±c(4020) and Z±c(4025)

e+e- → Zc±(4020) → π+π-hc(1P)

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N= 6419 N= 5617

Ecm=4.26 GeV Ecm=4.36 GeV

Ecm=4.26 GeV

arXiv: 1308.2760

PRL 111 (2013) 242001

e+e- → Zc±(4025) → π±(D*D*)±

M(4025) = 4026.32.63.7 MeV

(4025) = 24.85.67.7 MeVSignificance >10 σ

M(4020) = 4021.81.02.5 MeV(4020) = 5.73.41.1 MeVSignificance 6.4 σNew particles contain c and c quarks and at the same

time posess electric charge. Must contain at least four quarks!

Heavy-ion collider NICA at JINR

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Nuclotron

NICA

SPD

MPD

Start expected in 2019

LNP is mainly

involved in the

detectors design

and construction

Accelerator complex FAIR

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GSI, Darmstadt, Germany Start expected in 2018

Next generation facility for studies of:

• spin physics (PAX, COSY),

• spectroscopy of charmonium and B-mesons,

• dense hadron medium (PANDA).

Accelerator technology and

applied research

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Observation: particle and nuclear physics stimulates high

technology

Accelerators ⇐⇒ vacuum and cryogenic technology,

superconducting magnets, automation

Detectors ⇐⇒ ultrafast electronics, semiconductors, novel

materials, high precision combined with the huge size

Computing: LHC gives 10000 TB of data per year ⇒ grid-

technologies

Nuclear technology: radiation medicine, material science,

industrial accelerators

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Cyclotrons constructed at LNP

Russia, Tver, industrial cyclotron RIC-30

for production of radionuclides

Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Cyclotron U-150-II

for fundamental and applied research

Poland, Cracow, Cyclotron AIC-144 for

isotope production and proton radiotherapy

Belgium, IBA-JINR medical cyclotron

С235-V3, Federal Center of Medicine

Radiology in Dimitrovgrad (Russia)

Research projects: medical cyclotron

С250, superconducting cyclotron C400

Hybrid pixel detectors

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flip-chip bonding

high resistance n-type semiconductor GaAs:Cr

Sensor GaAs:Cr

aluminium layer

single pixelMedipix readout

+-

MARS-CT scanner

Manufactured by MARS Bioimaging Ltd., New Zealand

Fully-functional microCT scanner equipped with two GaAs:Cr+Medipix3

detectors

X-ray energy up to 120 keV

Sample size up to Ø 10 cm X 30 cm

Spatial resolution about 30 um

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Examples of microCTCourtesy of P.Butler

Titanoferous ore Coronary stent Aterosclerotic plaque

Spectal CT with

radiocontrast agent

Radiation medicine

Cancer therapy by hadron beams

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Raise of energy loss while particle slows down = «Bragg peak»

р + Water

Radiation medicine Research on methods of proton therapy

(3D conformal therapy for the first time in Russia)

Cancer treatment on Phasotron beamlines(more than 1000 patients in 15 years)

Design and construction of specializedmedical cyclotrons (collaboration withIBA)

Also

Novel imaging detectors for CT and X-raydiagnostics

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Before Treatment plan After

Thank you for your attention!

and

Welcome to the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems!

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A great variety of fundamental and applied studies are conducted

at LNP to which a motivated student can contribute