Laboratory of Nuclear...
Transcript of Laboratory of Nuclear...
Laboratory of Nuclear Problems
Sergei Kotov
July 7, 2015
We still do not know ...
... why elementary particles have different mass?
... are there any more flavours of quarks and leptons?
... what are the properties of neutrino?
... if the Standard Model describes all possible phenomena?
... why there is much more matter than antimatter?
... what the 'dark matter' is made of?
... why quarks are confined inside hadrons and how strong interaction works?
2
Foundation of LNP
18 August 1946. Sovietgovernment approved the proposalof Academician Igor Kurchatov toconstruct in USSR ''the installationM'‘ for fundamental studies in nuclear physics.
14 December 1949. The 480 MeVproton synchrocyclotron startedoperation at the HydrotechnicalLaboratory in Dubna, the mostpowerful accelerator in the worldat that time.
26 March 1956. Laboratory ofNuclear Problems of JINR has beenfounded.
3
Synchrocyclotron 680 MeV (1953)
M.G.Meshcheryakov
Discoveries at synchrocyclotron
1. Direct deuteron liberation from nuclei by high energy nucleons (1957)
2. Cell self-recovery after lethal irradiation (1957)
3. Discovery of Helium-8 (1959)
4. Radiationless transitions in mesoatoms (1959)
5. Conservation of vector current in weak interactions, decay π+ → π0e+νe (1962)
6. Negative pion capture by the chemically bound hydrogen nuclei (1962)
7. Pion double charge exchange (1963)
8. Discovery of muonium in condensed matter (1965)
9. Change of relative intensity of K-series X-rays from mu-mesoatom (1965)
10. Resonant formation of muonic deuterium molecules (1965)
11. Resonant absorption of negative muons by nuclei (1968)
12. Muon spin precession with two frequencies in muonium atom in magnetic field (1969)
13. Capability of one-electron atoms to be a deep donors in semiconductor crystals (1969)
14. Quantum incoherent diffusion of positive muons in solid materials (1972)
15. Proton spin flipping during elastic scattering on protons at high energy (1975)
5
Timeline
Since 1949 – experiments at the synchrocyclotron
Since 1967 – experiments at U-70 (IHEP, Protvino)
1979-1984 - synchrocyclotron upgraded to phasotron
1982 – 2000 – experiment DELPHI at LEP (CERN)
Since 1992 – participation in the ATLAS experiment at LHC
1993 - 2014 - participation in the CDF и DØ experiments at FNAL
Also, studies in the fields of radiochemistry, nuclear spectroscopy, accelerator
physics and technology, radiation medicine, radiobiology, and new particle
detectors are conducted at LNP
6
Great minds of the Laboratory
7
Mikhail MESHCHERYAKOV Venedikt DZHELEPOV Bruno PONTECORVO
Structure of the Laboratory
about 650 employees
among them about 500 scientific staff8
Particlephysics
Hadronphysics
Colliderphysics
Multiple hadron
production
Radiochemistry& nuclear
spectroscopy
Acceleratortechnology
IT, design office, workshops, services etc
Phasotron &radiation medicine
Intermediate energies
Fundamental research
9
Main directions of research
Physics at LHC
ATLAS
Neutrino physics and cosmic rays
OPERA, BOREXINO, Daya Bay, BAIKAL-GVD, NEMO, GERDA, TGV, GEMMA, JUNO, NOVA
TUNKA-TAIGA, TUS, NUCLEON
Strong interactions and QCD
QCD tests: BES-III, ANKE, DIRAC
Spin physics: COMPASS, SPD @ NICA
Relativistic nuclear physics
MPD @ NICA, PANDA @ FAIR10
ATLAS experiment at LHC
11 @CERN
• LNP involvement since 1994
• Hardware contributions to
Muon Spectrometer and Tile
Calorimeter
• Software contributions to
calibration and alignment
Participation in Data Analysis:
• Higgs searches
• SUSY searches
• Searches for dilepton high-
mass resonances
ATLAS observation of Higgs boson
12 @CERN
ATLAS physics program
Main goals:
Search for Higgs boson
Physics beyond Standard Model (supersymmetry, extra dimensions, etc)
CP violation in B-meson decays
Tests of the Standard Model at energies above 2 TeV
Top quark properties
many more ...
13
ATLAS physics program
Main goals:
Search for Higgs boson
Physics beyond Standard Model (supersymmetry, extra dimensions, etc)
Tests of Standard Model at energies > 2 TeV
Top quark properties
many more ...
14
The principal source of HEP experimental data for the next 20 years!
Neutrino physics and astrophysics
15
大亚湾
OPERA
BAIKAL-NT
Daya Bay
Neutrino physics and astrophysics
16
Main goals
Direct observation of oscillations νμ→ντ (OPERA)
Measurement of θ13 → search for CP-violation in lepton sector (DayaBay)
Search for neutrinoless 2β decay (NEMO, GERDA, TGV)
Neutrino astronomy and astrophysics (BAIKAL-NT,GVD)
Neutrino magnetic moment (GEMMA-2)
Neutrino mass hierarchy (Juno, Nova)
Study of solar neutrinos (Borexino)
BAIKAL-GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector)
17
• Searches for galactic and extragalactic sources of high energy neutrinos (> 3 TeV)
• Indirect searches for dark matter and exotics (monopoles, Q-balls)
• GVD will be part of the Global Neutrino Observatory
(Northern Hemisphere) together with IceCube and
ANTARES
• The first cluster of PMTs is already deployed
Strong interactions and QCD
Main goals:
Precision tests of QCD: nuclear forces, hadronization, confinement (NICA, PANDA)
Hadron spectroscopy and search for exotic particles (BES-III)
Nucleon structure and «proton spin crisis» (COMPASS)
Dense nuclear matter and formation of quark-gluon plasma (NICA, PANDA)
18
BES-III experiment
19
• Precision measurements in charmed meson and τ-lepton physics, light hadron
spectroscopy.
• LNP involvement: development of core software framework, simulation tools,
data analysis framework and distributed computing. No hardware contribution.
Observation of Zc±(3900)
20
BESIII
BESIII: Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) 252001 Confirmed by:
BELLE: arXiv:1304.0121, Cleo-C: arXiv:1304.3036
march 2013 г.
e+e- → π+π-J/ψ @ 4260 MeV
Mass = (3899.0±3.6±4.9) MeV
Width = (46±10±20) MeV
Observation of Z±c(4020) and Z±c(4025)
e+e- → Zc±(4020) → π+π-hc(1P)
21
N= 6419 N= 5617
Ecm=4.26 GeV Ecm=4.36 GeV
Ecm=4.26 GeV
arXiv: 1308.2760
PRL 111 (2013) 242001
e+e- → Zc±(4025) → π±(D*D*)±
M(4025) = 4026.32.63.7 MeV
(4025) = 24.85.67.7 MeVSignificance >10 σ
M(4020) = 4021.81.02.5 MeV(4020) = 5.73.41.1 MeVSignificance 6.4 σ
Observation of Z±c(4020) and Z±c(4025)
e+e- → Zc±(4020) → π+π-hc(1P)
22
N= 6419 N= 5617
Ecm=4.26 GeV Ecm=4.36 GeV
Ecm=4.26 GeV
arXiv: 1308.2760
PRL 111 (2013) 242001
e+e- → Zc±(4025) → π±(D*D*)±
M(4025) = 4026.32.63.7 MeV
(4025) = 24.85.67.7 MeVSignificance >10 σ
M(4020) = 4021.81.02.5 MeV(4020) = 5.73.41.1 MeVSignificance 6.4 σNew particles contain c and c quarks and at the same
time posess electric charge. Must contain at least four quarks!
Heavy-ion collider NICA at JINR
23
Nuclotron
NICA
SPD
MPD
Start expected in 2019
LNP is mainly
involved in the
detectors design
and construction
Accelerator complex FAIR
24
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany Start expected in 2018
Next generation facility for studies of:
• spin physics (PAX, COSY),
• spectroscopy of charmonium and B-mesons,
• dense hadron medium (PANDA).
Accelerator technology and
applied research
25
Observation: particle and nuclear physics stimulates high
technology
Accelerators ⇐⇒ vacuum and cryogenic technology,
superconducting magnets, automation
Detectors ⇐⇒ ultrafast electronics, semiconductors, novel
materials, high precision combined with the huge size
Computing: LHC gives 10000 TB of data per year ⇒ grid-
technologies
Nuclear technology: radiation medicine, material science,
industrial accelerators
26
Cyclotrons constructed at LNP
Russia, Tver, industrial cyclotron RIC-30
for production of radionuclides
Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Cyclotron U-150-II
for fundamental and applied research
Poland, Cracow, Cyclotron AIC-144 for
isotope production and proton radiotherapy
Belgium, IBA-JINR medical cyclotron
С235-V3, Federal Center of Medicine
Radiology in Dimitrovgrad (Russia)
Research projects: medical cyclotron
С250, superconducting cyclotron C400
Hybrid pixel detectors
28
flip-chip bonding
high resistance n-type semiconductor GaAs:Cr
Sensor GaAs:Cr
aluminium layer
single pixelMedipix readout
+-
MARS-CT scanner
Manufactured by MARS Bioimaging Ltd., New Zealand
Fully-functional microCT scanner equipped with two GaAs:Cr+Medipix3
detectors
X-ray energy up to 120 keV
Sample size up to Ø 10 cm X 30 cm
Spatial resolution about 30 um
29
Examples of microCTCourtesy of P.Butler
Titanoferous ore Coronary stent Aterosclerotic plaque
Spectal CT with
radiocontrast agent
Radiation medicine
Cancer therapy by hadron beams
31
Raise of energy loss while particle slows down = «Bragg peak»
р + Water
Radiation medicine Research on methods of proton therapy
(3D conformal therapy for the first time in Russia)
Cancer treatment on Phasotron beamlines(more than 1000 patients in 15 years)
Design and construction of specializedmedical cyclotrons (collaboration withIBA)
Also
Novel imaging detectors for CT and X-raydiagnostics
32
Before Treatment plan After
Thank you for your attention!
and
Welcome to the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems!
33
A great variety of fundamental and applied studies are conducted
at LNP to which a motivated student can contribute