Phonics includes

Skills of blending and segmenting

Knowledge of the

alphabetic code

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Phonemes and GraphemesPhoneme- The smallest unit of sound in a word.

Can be represented by one or more letters eg th, ear

Grapheme – The letter or letters representing the phoneme. Eg s, th

Digraph – Two letters representing one phoneme. Eg sh, ch, th, ssTrigraph – Three letters representing one phoneme. Eg air, ear, igh

The same phoneme can be represented in more than one way. Eg ee, ea,

Phonics System (For English Language)

•26 letters of the alphabet

•44 phonemes

•140 ways of representing them

Correct Enunciation of Phonemes

•Continuing sounds- f, m, n, r, s, sh, v, th, z

•Without voice/ from your throat- c, p, t, ch, h

•As clearly as possible – b, d, g, w, qu, y

Blending and Segmenting

BlendingRecognising the letter sounds in a word eg c-a-t and merging them together, in the order in which they occur in the word, to read the word ‘cat’SegmentingIdentifying the individual sounds in a spoken word eg d-o-g and writing down the letters for each sound (phoneme) to make the word ‘dog’