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Reader Based Factors Text Based Factors

•Phonemic Awareness•Alphabetic Understanding•Fluency with the Code•Vocabulary knowledge•Prior knowledge•Engagement and interest

•Narrative/Expository•Genre considerations•Quality of text•Density and difficulty of concepts

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Expert reading involves the seamless combination of many components, beginning first with listening comprehension and vocabulary/language development, then progressing to the sounds of words (phonemic awareness) and the ability to associate sounds with letters and use these sounds to form words (alphabetic principle), and culminating in fluency, which is the ability to translate letters-to-sounds-to-words effortlessly and automatically. While reading in an alphabetic writing system has multiple parts, instruction should ultimately enable children to put these parts together and become successful readers.

Comprehension

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Critical features of Comprehension instruction

Comprehension Strategies for Proficient ReadersConsist of...•an awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes •recognition of when one doesn't understand •coordination and shifting the use of strategies as needed

Comprehension Strategies for Proficient Readers Consist of...

an awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processesrecognition of when one doesn't understandcoordination and shifting the use of strategies as needed

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