Post on 14-Apr-2018
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FRONTING AND INVERSION
By kelompok 7 & 8
Dinthan SofiIqbal Adnan
Krisna AdamsyahM. Ganang Wira
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FRONTING
WHAT IS FRONTING ??
Fronting refers to the initial placement of core
elements which are normally found in post-
verbal position. (Longman Book , P 900)
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WHAT ARE THE MAIN
FUNCTIONS OF FRONTING ?
Organizing information flow to achieve
cohesion Expressing contrast
Enabling particular elements to gain
emphasis
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FRONTED OBJECTS AND OTHER NOMINALS
a. Noun Phrases as fronted objects
1. Sandy moves ahead. This I do not understand, he said
2. Such a blunder I had now committed
in these examples it will be difficult to determine which
word should be stressed if we dont use fronting.
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B. Complement clauses as
fronted objects
1. Why he came this way I will probably never know
2. How he would use that knowledge he could not guess
It contains pronouns referring back to the preceding text,also signalling a connection with information though
they contain substantial new information.
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C. Fronted nominals in general
1. Questions whether they can prove it. That I tend to doubt.
This one is a direct object of an embedded infinitive clause.
2. Pretty strange , huh ? that it is . I nod sadly.
This one contains subject predicative .
3. Whether Nancy was there or not , she could not be certain , looking
from one to the other in her minds eye.
It illustrates a fronted nominal clause functioning as adjective
complement.
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D. Single-focus structure
Only one saucepan we had !- and it was stew every day if we didnt goout for dinner
in this case , fronting would typically be focus on thenon-fronted part of the clause , often the verb as well
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Fronted Predicatives
A. Predicative fronting with subject-verb inversionB. Special cases of predicative fronting
C. Fronting of predicative with subject-verb order
D. Fronted object vs. Predicatives
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A. Predicative fronting with subject-
verb inversionSubject predicatives in initial position generally
contain an element of comparison to the precedingcontext, so it forms a cohesive link
1. Far more serious were [the severe head injuries] inparticular a bruising of the brain
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B. Special cases of
predicative fronting
1. The more general the domain , the more general , selective and
tentative are [the statements about its style]
2. the larger the base the easier[it[ will be to perform the action
The first group contains proportion clausecombination marked by the , where fronting of the
correlative phrases almost always occurs.
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C. Fronting of predicatives with
subject-verb order
1. They tiles. Horrible they are !
2. Bloody amazing it was !
The subject is an unstressed pronoun and strengthened by
the choice of words
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D. Fronted objects v. predicatives The choice to front objects or predicatives is
different
Object fronting is chosen when there is a
communicative need to emphasize or contrast a
cause element
Predicative fronting chosen to maintain
cohesiveness
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FRONTED INFINITIVE PREDICATES
1. I had said he would come down and come down he did
2. but , as he said , it had to be borne , and bear it he did
It refers to a situation where infinitive predicates may be
fronted when they repeat a previous verb
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Fronted ed and ing
predicatesA. Fronteded predicates
B. Fronteding predicates
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A. Fronted ed predicates
1. Nothing on the walls , with one exception : Tacked over the bed was [a
yellowed, deckel-edged photograph].
2. also billed to appear as a special mystery guest is.
It occurs in order to get balance of weight between the
fronted element and the subject .
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Fronted ing predicates
1. coming to Belfest this month are [The Breeders and Levellers] , while
next month sees Jethro Tull in Town.
2. Standing on the sand is a beach hut built like a mini-mosque.
The fronteding predicates regularly open with elements
conveying given information and it ends by new information.
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Fronting in independentclauses
1. [Try as she might to make it otherwise] , the sycamores beat out thechildren every time and she could not forgive her memory for that
2. [ Astounded though she was] , Fransesca was thrilled and excited.
It is restricted to special structures with the subordinators asand thoughand completely regular in wh- clauses.
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Fronting in exclamations
1. Such a gift he had for gesture. He looked like a king in exile
2. How brave you are !
3. Out went the light !
The exclamation marks reflect the similiarity in speech act
function. It also may express irony and sarcasm.
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INVERSION
Inversion is the reversal of the normal word order in a
sentence or phrase.
There are two types of inversion:1. subject-verb inversion, where the subject and the main
verb switch positions
2. the word order becomes verb + subject:
On the top of the hill stood an old oak tree.
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After (mainly place) adverbial in initial position.
Conditions: The Subject must be realized as a noun phrase, and should generally belonger than the Verb. Inserting existential there is sometimes possible.
Ex :
Here is a diesel-engine car that will out-gun many of its petrol-engine rivals.
Here lies the greatest pleasure of greenhouse gardening.
After adverbial particle in initial position.
The door opened, and in marched the minister himself
After fronted -ing or -ed clause which denotes existence/appearance
standing looking out at the daylight is the cop
In reporting clauses after direct speech
And what about all the rubbish, then? asked the woman. (or: ...the woman asked)
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Inversion with adverbials adverbs oftimeWhen we use an adverbial of place or position in front position with the verb
be, we put the verb before the subject. We call this pattern inversion
Peter and Anna were planning their wedding. Peter made a list of
people to invite.At the bottom were Annas parents.
Inversion allows us to put new information at the end of the sentence
We can use this pattern with adverbs of time such as next, then, first, now,
finally, etc.
Ex : she had a string of bad news. First, his son lost his job.Next came the news
of her husbands accident. And finally, her father had an heart attack.
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subject-auxiliary inversion
subject-auxiliary inversion, where the subject and the
auxiliary switch positions and the word order
becomes auxiliary + subject (+ verb):
Hardly hadI arrived home when my phone rang.
When does the bus leave?You're hungry, aren't you?
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After negative sentence opener (Obligatory)
Not until men first charted the stars thousands of years ago, and linked
their fates with events in the sky, did personal birthdays become
important. (Birthdays did not become important until )
Note: no inversion after negative sentence openers which do not
affect the verb:
Not long after that, I knew I must go to China.
After restrictive sentence opener (Obligatory)
Only rarely were women doing similar work to men.
After initial proform so, or so + adjective or adverb
(The gate makes a lot of noise when we open it.) So does the back door,
where we all go in and out.