Jacksonian Jacksonian DemocracyDemocracy

•“…the humble members of society – the farmer, mechanics, and laborers…have a right to complain of the injustice of their government. A.Jackson’s Inaugural

Democracy grows•Becoming respectable•Electing people like THEM•Universal white manhood suffrage

•Caucuses vs. Conventions•Involvement

Concerns of the people

•The Bank•Currency•Slavery•“era of good feelings” short lived!

•Sectionalism v. Nationalism

Election of 1824All Dem-

Republicans1. Andrew Jackson

… Tenn.• Hero of New

Orleans• Ran against

“King Caucus”• Self-made man• 99 electoral

college votes

2. Henry Clay• “Harry of the

West”• “The Great

Compromiser”• Speaker of the

H of Reps• American

System• 37 electoral

College votes

3. John Q. Adams• Northeast• Nationalist • Sec. Of State• Educated, much

experience• “cold fish”84 electoral votes

4. William Crawford …GAIll, states’ rts/strict const.41 electoral votes

No clear majority (133).12th Amendment says … top 3 vote getters go to House of Reps.

VP is John C. CalhounThe “Corrupt Bargain”

John Quincy Adams #6

•Serious nationalist•No political skills•Sided with Cherokees•1828 Tariff of Abominations•1828 election loses to AJ•Runs for House of Reps

Andrew Jackson #7

• “Old Hickory”• “Let the people rule”• “from the snobs to the

mobs” “Hickoryites”• Growing power of west• True “anti-federalist”

Leader of King Mob•Wanted government to be “that simple machine the constitution created.”

•“to the victors go the spoils•“well greased political machine”

•“Kitchen Cabinet”

The Moneyed MonsterTolerated it until•1832 vs Clay as Nat. Rep•Bank re-charter 4 years early•Nicholas Biddle•To veto or not to veto•“The bank is killing me!”

Results …•“pet” banks•No regulation•Specie Circular•West is cash starved•Clay loses big time

Tariffs and Tariffs and SectionalismSectionalism

1828 Tariff of Abominations•SC flags at half-mast•“The South Carolina Exposition” Calhoun

•Call for states’ rights•False alarm

Webster-Haynes Debates•1830•“People not states had framed the constitution”

•Courts not states last word•“Liberty AND Union now and forever, one and inseparable.”

The gauntlet thrown 1830•Jackson “Our Union, it must be preserved.”

•Calhoun “The Union – next to our liberty, the most dear.”

•Calhoun resigns comes back as Senator

Nullification Crisis•Tariff of 1832•SC’s special convention•“null and void”•Force Bill•Clay’s Tariff of 1833•Calhoun “First President of Southern Confederacy”

The Indians•5 Civilized Tribes … Creeks, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokees, Seminoles

•GA, gold, Supreme Court “Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!”

Indian Removal Act of 1830•Indian Territory•100,000 •Land bought for $9 mil but charged $6 mil to move

•Trail of Tears … 1/3 die

Seminole Wars (1835-42)•Osceola•Guerrilla warfare•$$$$•Flag of truce ignored•4/5 head to Oklahoma•300 head to swamps

Martin Van Buren #8• 1836 Dem. Van

Buren vs. Whigs (3, Why?)

• “a first class second rate man” but handpicked

• 1837 economic slump

• “Van Ruin” blamed but not his fault …

William Henry Harrison #9

• 1840 election of public relations … slogans and “supposed appearances” Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!

• Whigs … Harrison vs. Dem. Van Buren (Ruin)

• Whigs’ hope to bring back nationalistic ideas dies with Harrison.

• Tyler #10 will disappoint