Essential Essential Question:Question:

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common “Common Man”?Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?OROR

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man” Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.

His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.”

Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

The Spoils SystemThe Spoils System• “Give common people a chance

to participate in Gov.”

• “Unless regular turnover of personnel, officeholders would become inefficient and corrupt”

• Gave jobs to many friends• Kitchen Cabinet

• Fired Adams workers

The Reign of The Reign of “King Mob”“King Mob”

The Removal of Natives

• “Civilized Tribes” living in valuable land in GA, NC, SC, AL, MS, and TN

• Indian Removal Act – law which provided funds for Fed. Gov. to negotiate with Natives to move west• 1830 – pressured Choctaw to move

from MS• 1831 – ordered US troops to forcibly

remove Sauk and Fox from IL and MO• 1832 – forced Chicasaw to leave AL &

MS

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

Federal Court Cases• Cherokee’s brought GA to court, John

Marshal refused to hear the case

• Samuel Austin Worcester stood up for Indians in court since he was a citizen

• Worcester vs. Georgia (1832) – court ruled Cherokees are a distinct nation that GA can not regulate by law and land can not be invaded

• Jackson refused to obey it “John Marshall has made his decision now let him enforce it.”

The Trail of Tears• Some Cherokees began to promote

relocation

• US Fed agents heard of this group, had them sign “Treaty of New Echota”• Last 8 million acres of Cherokee land given to US

fed gov. in exchange for $5 mil and land in OK

• Later, Pres. Van Buren forced the removal of the remaining Cherokees

• Oct. 1838 – Cherokees sent on 800 mile trip on foot, many died on the way, had $ and livestock stolen, and destination land was far inferior to their previous land.

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)

Jackson’s Professed “Love” Jackson’s Professed “Love” forfor

Native AmericansNative Americans

1828 “Tariff of Abominations”

• South hurt by tariffs – less British goods being bought by US– less cotton sold to Britain– also forced to buy expensive northern

goods

• South felt “North getting rich at Southern expense.”

• Calhoun, normally a nationalist, spoke up for his home hurting state

The The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne Debate

Sen. Daniel Sen. Daniel WebsterWebster

[MA][MA]

Sen. Robert Sen. Robert

HayneHayne[SC][SC]

18301830 WebsterWebster::

Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

South Carolina Rebels• 1832 – Congress passed another tariff

• SC said “unauthorized by Constitution” and threatened to secede from the Union if customs officials tried to collect duties

• Jackson declared SC act treasonous and threatened to hang Calhoun.

• Jackson Passed FORCE BILL– Allowed fed gov. to use the army and navy against SC

if state authorities resisted.

• Henry Clay’s compromise – gradually lower tariff over 10 years. Temporarily solved problem.

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

MainMainIssueIssue??

Andrew Jackson & the National Bank

• Jackson’s hatred for the National Bank:– had lost $ due to speculation early in his life

so skeptical of banks– Felt conservative credit policies caused Panic

of 1819– Symbolized Eastern wealth and power– Felt it cared for wealthy, not for common

man– Threatened American Democracy b/c its

influence on the economy– Could bribe officials or buy elections to

control the gov.

• Promoted to public that the bank served to “make the rich richer and the potent more powerful.”

• Some basis for hatred:– Fed. Taxes deposited in BUS rather than

state or local banks gave BUS advantage over other banks

– BUS stockholders earned interest on Fed. Tax deposits, not taxpayers

– Bank President gave cheaper loans to Congressman than average citizen

Andrew Jackson & the National Bank

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

1832 Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.

HUGE EXPANSION OF PRESIDENCY

• 1832 – Jackson pressures Sec. of Treasury to withdraw gov. deposits from the bank and put them in state banks “pet banks”

• Sec. of Treasury refused, Jackson fired him, replaced with new one

• To save bank, Biddle called in repayment of loans this hurt everyone, and he lost support

Jackson kills the BUS

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

1832 Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.

HUGE EXPANSION OF PRESIDENCY

PET BANKS 1836 the charter expired. 1841 the bank went bankrupt!

The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836) “wildcat banks” – printed

bank notes wildly – made currency worthless

Declared - Only could buy future federal land only with gold or silver people rushed to Banks to trade in

Banks stopped accepting paper currency = PANIC of 1837

Results of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie Circular

$ Banknotes loose their value.

$ Land sales plummeted.$ Credit not available.$ Businesses began to fail.$ Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!

Jackson’s use of the Jackson’s use of the VetoVeto

• Vetoed more bills than all the previous presidents put together (12x!)

• First to use the pocket veto– a delaying tactic, President does

not sign a bill w/in 10 days of the end of the Congressional term, preventing it from becoming law.

The 1836 ElectionThe 1836 Election

Martin Van Martin Van BurenBuren

““Old Old Kinderhook”Kinderhook”

[O. K.][O. K.]

The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!

King Andrew

• Many, even fellow democrats, felt he acted more like a king than President.

• Dubbed “King Andrew the first.”

• Creation of WHIG PARTY after group in Britain who tried to limit royal power.

Praising Andrew Jackson for his destroying the Second Bank of the United States with his "Removal Notice" (removal of federal deposits). Nicolas Biddle portrayed as The Devil, along with several speculators and hirelings, flee as the bank collapses while Jackson's supporters cheer.