Introduction to Matter

Introduction to Matter

All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics:All Matter Has Three

Major Characteristics:

1. It has mass

2. It occupies space

3. It is made of particles (atoms)

1. It has mass

2. It occupies space

3. It is made of particles (atoms)

The word atomThe word atom

Originates from the Greek atomos, meaning indivisible.

Originates from the Greek atomos, meaning indivisible.

Not All Atoms are Identical

Not All Atoms are Identical

….or Natural….or Natural

Of all the elements on the Periodic Table (Currently, around 110)…

Only 90 exist in nature, the rest are by-products of nuclear reactors

Of all the elements on the Periodic Table (Currently, around 110)…

Only 90 exist in nature, the rest are by-products of nuclear reactors

Atoms can CombineAtoms can Combine

In whole number ratios to form compounds

Common compounds include H2O and NaCI (water and salt)

In whole number ratios to form compounds

Common compounds include H2O and NaCI (water and salt)

An atom is the smallest particle of a particular

element

A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

An atom is the smallest particle of a particular

element

A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

Matter exists in three states

Matter exists in three states

SOLIDLIQUIDGAS

A fourth state called PLASMA exists, but is rare on Earth

SOLIDLIQUIDGAS

A fourth state called PLASMA exists, but is rare on Earth

Solids: Fixed shape, fixed volume

Liquids: Variable shape, fixed volume

Gases: Variable shape and volume

Solids: Fixed shape, fixed volume

Liquids: Variable shape, fixed volume

Gases: Variable shape and volume

Matter has PropertiesMatter has Properties

Physical Properties:

State of matter, appearance, density, smell, etc.

Chemical Properties:

Reacts with…

Physical Properties:

State of matter, appearance, density, smell, etc.

Chemical Properties:

Reacts with…

Matter can undergo changes

Matter can undergo changes

These changes can be physical changes

Or chemical changes

These changes can be physical changes

Or chemical changes

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

Involve a change a change in state,

But…Do NOT change the identity of the substance

(Boiling water is still H2O)

Involve a change a change in state,

But…Do NOT change the identity of the substance

(Boiling water is still H2O)

Chemical ChangesChemical Changes

Are observed only during chemical

reactions…

Where the composition of matter changes

Are observed only during chemical

reactions…

Where the composition of matter changes

All Matter Fits into one of Two General

Categories:

All Matter Fits into one of Two General

Categories:

Pure Substances

Mixtures

Pure Substances

Mixtures

Pure SubstancesPure Substances

Elements or compounds

Have uniform composition (can not be separated by physical means)

Pure water is H2O, pure Gold consists of just Gold atoms

Elements or compounds

Have uniform composition (can not be separated by physical means)

Pure water is H2O, pure Gold consists of just Gold atoms

Mixtures

Mixtures

Have variable compositions

Mixtures can be separated by Physical means (filtration or distillation)

(Lab Techniques: Sand and Salt water)

Have variable compositions

Mixtures can be separated by Physical means (filtration or distillation)

(Lab Techniques: Sand and Salt water)

Mixtures can be…Mixtures can be…

Homogeneous: same throughout(salt water, air, brass)

Heterogeneous: vary from region to region (sand and water, gravel)

Homogeneous: same throughout(salt water, air, brass)

Heterogeneous: vary from region to region (sand and water, gravel)

Classification of Matter Chart

Classification of Matter Chart

Other Sub-classes of Mixtures

Other Sub-classes of Mixtures

Colloids: a type of mixture with particles of larger size than a true solution…

Will exhibit Tyndall Effect

Will NOT settle

Colloids: a type of mixture with particles of larger size than a true solution…

Will exhibit Tyndall Effect

Will NOT settle

Why is the sky Blue?Why is the sky Blue?

Rayleigh scatteringRayleigh scattering

Other Sub-classes of Mixtures

Other Sub-classes of Mixtures

Suspension: Similar to a colloid, but with larger particles

Will settle if left undisturbed

Suspension: Similar to a colloid, but with larger particles

Will settle if left undisturbed