IntroducingCross

LaminatedTimber

NewOpportunitiesforTimberConstruction

“TheWoodProductsCouncil”isaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES),Provider#G516.

Credit(s)earnedoncompletionofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.

ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACESforcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.________________________________Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.

CourseDescription

Crosslaminatedtimber(CLT)isanengineeredwoodbuildingsystemdesignedtocomplementlight- andheavy-timberframingoptions.Becauseofitshighstrengthanddimensionalstability,itcanbeusedasanalternativetoconcrete,masonryandsteelinmanybuildingtypes.ThispresentationwillintroduceCLTwithaseriesofprojectexamplesthatdemonstrateitsuseandassociatedbenefitsinarangeofapplications.Informationonmanufacturing,specificationandcode-relatedconsiderationswillalsobediscussed.

LearningObjectives

1. ReviewcompletedCLTprojectsthatdemonstratearangeofapplicationsandsystemconfigurations.

2. DiscoverhowCLTcanbeusedundercurrentandfuturebuildingcodesandstandards.

3. DiscussbenefitsofusingCLTinplaceofconcreteandsteel,includingstructuralversatility,prefabrication,lightercarbonfootprintandreducedlaborcosts.

4. DiscussthefirecharacteristicsofCLT,includingthebenefitsofcharring,currentseismicapproachesthatcanbeusedforCLTbuildings,andhowtheacousticandmoistureperformanceofCLTassembliescaninformthedesignofaproject.

Outline

• WhatisCLT?• MassTimber• TheAppeal• History• Availability

• UsingCLT• ProjectExamples• Bestapplications• Costeffectivedesign• BuildingCodesandStandards

Outline

• WhatisCLT?• MassTimber• TheAppeal• History• Availability

• UsingCLT• ProjectExamples• Bestapplications• Costeffectivedesign• BuildingCodesandStandards

NewClassofWoodProducts

MassTimberStructures

• Incorporatingtimberplateelements• Includinglargetimberelementssuchassolidsawn,NLT,

LVL,LSL,glulam,andCLT• Astructuralsystemresistingbothverticalandlateralloads

Thenewheavytimbermovementismotivatedby….• Demandforlowerimpactstructures• ManufacturingTechnology• MaterialTechnology• AdvancesinPre-fabrication• SophisticatedSuppliers

MassTimberFramingOptions

NailLaminated Timber (NLT) GlueLaminated Timber (GLT)

Laminated Veneer Lumber(LVL) CrossLaminated Timber (CLT)

Images Source:Structurecraft

GlulamBeams&Columns

MassTimberBuildingOptions

WhatisCrossLaminatedTimber(CLT)?

41/8”to191/2”

10’X40’8’X64’

• Solidwoodpanel• 3layersmin.ofsolidsawnlams• 90deg.cross-lams• Similar toplywoodsheathing

CLTComposition

StructuralCompositionofCLT

Laminations:(PerPRG320-2012)5/8”to2”thick2.4”- 9.5”wideMachineStressRatedorVisuallyGradedDimensionalLumberor

SCLDriedto12%MoistureContentbeforelayup.AcommonNAthicknessis13/8”(planed2xstock)PRG320providesthicknesstowidthrequirementsoflaminations

StructuralCompositionofCLT

Layers:(PerPRG320-2012)OrientedinorthogonalarrangementOddnumberofsymmetriclayersmostcommonDoubleparallelexteriorlayerspermittedUnbalancedlayuppermittedReferenceglu-lamadhesivestandard(AITC405)

StructuralCompositionofCLT

Panels,alsoknownasBillets.

20inchmaxthicknessinPRG320Upto8ft ormorewidepermanufacturerandshippingUpto40ft ormorelongpermanufacturerandshippingMajoraxis:stronger,stiffer,usuallylongdirectionMinoraxis:lessstrongandstiff,usuallyshortdirection

WhatisCrossLaminatedTimber(CLT)?

PhotoCredit:DRJohnson

CLTFabricationPress

CommonCLTLayups

3-ply3-layer

9-ply9-layer

5-ply5-layer

7-ply7-layer 7-ply5-layer

9-ply7-layer

CLTAdhesives

AdhesivesusedinCLTmustmeetthesamestandardasadhesivesusedinglulam:AITC405-2008StandardforAdhesivesforUseinStructuralGluedLaminatedTimberCLTadhesivesarealsorequiredtobeevaluatedforheatperformanceinaccordancewithDOCPS1.

SeveraltypesofstructuraladhesiveshavebeensuccessfullyusedinCLTproductionincluding:• Phenolictypessuchasphenol-resorcinolformaldehyde

(PRF)• Emulsionpolymerisocyanate (EPI)• One-componentpolyurethane(PUR)

CLT:APrefabricatedMaterial

• Finishedpanelsareplaned,sanded,cuttosize.ThenopeningsarecutwithpreciseCNCrouters.

• Thirdpartyinspectionatfactory.

• Customengineeredformaterialefficiency.

• Customdesignedforproject.• Eachpanelnumbered,

delivered&installedinpredeterminedsequence

HowtouseCLT- Assembly

Images Source:Structuelam

HowtouseCLT- Assembly

Source:USCLTHandbook

HowtouseCLT- Assembly

HowtouseCLT– SingleSpanFloor

Source:Structurlam CLTguide

SAMPLESPANTABLES– CONTACTPANELMANUFACTURER FORACTUAL SPANS

WhatistheappealofCLT?

• EmbodiedCarbonSustainability

Performance

ConstructionEfficiency

ReducedEmbodiedCarbon

Volume of wood used 950m3

Carbon sequesteredand

stored(CO2e) 760metric tons

Avoidedgreenhouse

gases(CO2e) 320metric tons

Total potential carbon

benefit (CO2e) 1,080metric tons

Carbon savingsfromthechoiceofwoodinthis

onebuildingareequivalentto:

1,615passenger vehicles offtheroadforayear

Enough energy to operate ahome for 803 years

Stadhaus,London,UKArchitect:WaughThistleton ArchitectsPhotocredit:WaughThistleton Architects

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• MinimalwasteproductionSustainability

Performance

ConstructionEfficiency

WhatistheappealofCLT?

MinimalWaste

WhyaredesignersdrawntoCLT?

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient

Sustainability

Performance

ConstructionEfficiency

EnergyEfficient

CLThasanR-valueofapproximately1.25perinchofthickness.Source:USCLTHandbook

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient

Sustainability

• DisasterResilientPerformance

ConstructionEfficiency

WhatistheappealofCLT?

DisasterResilient

SeismicRUnderAlternateMeans

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• EnergyEfficient

Sustainability

• DisasterResilient• FireResistantPerformance

ConstructionEfficiency

WhatistheappealofCLT?

FireTestResults

• ASTM E119 Fire Endurance Test

• 5-Ply CLT (6-7/8” thick)• 5/8” Type X GWB each side• 2 hour target• Actual 3 hours 6 minutes

• 2015 NDS Chapter 16 includes char rates for CLT to achieve up to 2 hour fire rating

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient

Sustainability

• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics

Performance

ConstructionEfficiency

WhatistheappealofCLT?

HighPerformingAcoustics

WhyaredesignersdrawntoCLT?

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient

Sustainability

• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility

Performance

ConstructionEfficiency

StructuralFlexibility

PhotoCredit:APA

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient

Sustainability

• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility

Performance

• ~75%lighterthanconcreteConstructionEfficiency

WhatistheappealofCLT?

75%LighterWeightThanConcrete

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient

Sustainability

• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility

Performance

• ~75%lighterthanconcrete• Reducedconstructiontime

ConstructionEfficiency

WhatistheappealofCLT?

ReducedConstructionTime

MurrayGrove,London

UK

• 8storiesofCLTover1storyconcretepodium

• 8 storiesbuiltin27days(~1/2thetimeof

precastconcrete)

FranklinElementary

School,Franklin,WV

• 45,200ft2 2storyelementaryschool

• 8weekstoconstruct

• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient

Sustainability

• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility

Performance

• ~75%lighterthanconcrete• Reducedconstructiontime• Pre-fabricatedandPrecise

ConstructionEfficiency

WhatistheappealofCLT?

Pre-fabricatedandPrecise

CLTHistoryTimeline

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015

Significantly

increaseduse

inEurope

• 2010– 1st

Production

• 2011- PRG320

• 2011-Canadian

Handbook

• 2013– US

Handbook

interest

began

.3millionm3

ofbuiltCLT

projects

Recognized

in2015IBC

Austria

industry-

academia joint

research

.6-1million

m3ofbuilt

CLTprojectsEur

ope

Nor

th

Am

eric

a

1stUSCLT

Manufacturer

Outline

• WhatisCLT?• MassTimber• TheAppeal• History• Availability

• UsingCLT• ProjectExamples• Bestapplications• Costeffectivedesign• BuildingCodesandStandards

LongHall,Whitefish,MTDesigner:DarrylByle,JasonHatten

• 1st CommercialCLT“Building”inUS• $145/sqftcompletedprojectcost• Structuralshellcompletein<5days• Saved30%infoundationcosts• Saved6-12%overCMU

PromegaGMPFacility,Fitchburg,WIArchitect:UihleinWilsonArchitects

• Completedin2013• 1st CommercialCLTBuildinginUS

builtwithNorthAmericanCLT• CLTusedonlyintheroof

CooleyLandingEducationCenter

EastPaloAlto,CA

EastPaloAltoCooleyLandingEducationCenterPhotos:Structurlam

3,500sfCLTRoofPanelsGlulamRoofBeams

EastPaloAltoCooleyLandingEducationCenterPhoto:Structurlam

EastPaloAltoCooleyLandingEducationCenterPhoto:Structurlam

NewStanfordHeatRecoveryCenter

Stanford,CA

ImageCredit:ZGFArchitects

StanfordHeatRecoveryCenterPhoto:Structurlam

CLTRoofPanelsusedoverentrance/walkway

Partof125,000sf buildingthatisexpectedtoreducecampuscarbonemissionsby50%andsaveanestimated$300Moverthenext35years

StanfordHeatRecoveryCenterPhoto:Structurlam

ChicagoHorizonPavilion

Chicago,IL

PhotoCredit:TomHarris

ChicagoHorizonPavilionPhotos:TomHarris

56’squarekiosk

2Layersof3-ply,4-1/8”CLTroofpanelsinoppositedirections,eachpanel8’x56’,creating2wayspanningplate

ChicagoHorizonPavilionPhotos:AaronForrest

Totalroofstructurethickness8-1/4”

Spansupto30feetbetweencolumnsatpoints

ChicagoHorizonWonChicagoArchitectureBiennial’s2015LakefrontKioskCompetition

PhotoCredit:TomHarris

WesternOregonUniversity

RichardWoodcockEducationCenter

Monmouth,OR

ImageCredit:WesternOregonUniversityandMahlum Architects

WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterTopPhoto:OregonDept.ofForestryBottomImage:Mahlum Architects

2story,57,000sfOffices,classrooms,andgatheringspaces

CLTutilizedforfloorplatesandbearing/shaftwalls

1st projecttoutilizeUSmanufacturedCLT

$14MConstructionCostEstimate

WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterImages:Mahlum Architects

Projectiscurrentlyunderconstruction,anticipatedcompletionfall2016

WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterImages:AndersenConstruction&DRJohnson

BenefitsofCLTShaftWalls:• 23CLTPanelsusedtoform

twostairwells• EachPanelwas5-ply,6-7/8”

thick,7.5’x24’• Eachpanelweighed3,330lbs

whichisabout20,000lbs lessthanaconcretepanelofthesamesize

Source:AndersenConstruction

WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterImages:AndersenConstruction&DRJohnson

WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterImage:DRJohnson

OregonZooElephantLands

Portland,OR

PhotoCredit:SRGPartnership

OregonZooElephantLandsTopPhoto:OregonZooBottomPhoto:OregonLive

2,000sf visitorcenter

CLTutilizedforroofpanels

UseofCLTallowedeliminationof20percentofthesteelbeamsoriginallyneededtosupportthe

standardwooddecking

1st OregonCLTproject

ElephantLandsisasmallbutprominentvisitor“hub”buildingattheOregonZoo,comprisingoneedgeofagatewayspacetothenewelephanthabitat.UseofCLTRoofDeckallowed2waycantileversatoverhangs,clean,continuouseavelines

OregonZooElephantLandsImage:OregonZoo

OregonZooElephantLandsPhotos:SRGPartnership,EquilibriumEngineers,OregonZoo

InternationalCommunityHealthServices

ShorelineClinic

Shoreline,WA

PhotoCredit:AndrewPoguePhotography

ICHSShorelineClinicPhotos:ICHS

45,000sf,3storymedicalanddentalservicescenter

CLTutilizedforroofpanelswithlargeexpressedoverhangs

CompletedFall2014

ProjectcurrentlypendingLEEDGoldapprovalLargestCLTprojectinStateofWAattimeofconstructionUseofCLTroofpanelsresultedinscheduleandlaborsavings,withthepanelsbeingsetinamatterofdays

ICHSShorelineClinicPhotos:ICHS

ICHSShorelineClinicPhoto:ICHS

Sauter TimberProductionFacility

Rockwood,TN

PhotoCredit:AndreasSauter,TimClayPhotography

Sauter TimberProductionFacilityPhotos:AndreasSauter,TimClayPhotography

9,000sf Industrialproductionfacility

CLTroofandwallpanels,glulambeam&columnframe

23’tallwalls

$55/sf installedstructurecost

2015WoodDesignAwardWinner

GlulamMomentFrameProvidesFacility’sLateralResistance

Sauter TimberProductionFacilityPhoto:AndreasSauter,TimClayPhotography

RockyMountainInstitute– Basalt,CO

ImageCredit: RockyMountain Institute

RockyMountainInstitute

InnovationCenter

• Location:Basalt,CO• 2stories• 15,600sf• Goal- 100yeardesignlife

ImageCredit: RockyMountain Institute

PhotoCredit:TheAspen Times

EnergyEfficientOfficeDesign

PhotoCredit:StructureLam

• Highenergyefficiencyconstructionwasagoalnotonlybecauseitis“green”butbecauseitjust“makessense”

• TargetingNetZeroEnergy• Cross-laminatedtimberusedforfloorstructureutilizes

beetle-killlumberfromBritishColumbia.• UseofCLTallowedstructuredepthtobeminimized,

allowingnaturaldaylighttopenetratefurtherintobuilding

RedstoneArsenalHotel

Huntsville,AL

ImageCredit:LendLease

RedstoneArsenalHotelPhotos:LendLease&Schaefer

62,600sf,4storyhotel,92privateroomsCLTutilizedforwalls,roofpanels,andfloorpanels

1,557CLTPanels;Typicalfloorpanelis8’x50’&weighs8,000lbs

CompletedLate2015

FranklinElementarySchool

Franklin,WV

45,200sf,2storyschoolCLTutilizedforwalls,roofpanels,andfloorpanels

CLTchosenforitsconstructionschedulebenefits

CompletedJanuary2015PhotoCredit:PamWean,MSESArchitects

PhotoCredit:PamWean,MSESArchitects

IntegratedDesignBuilding

UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,MA

ImageCredit:LeersWeinzapfel Associates

UMASSIntegratedBuildingDesignImages:LeersWeinzapfelAssociates

87,500sf facilitywith:classrooms,lounges,meetingrooms,materials-testinglab,green-buildinglab, woodshop,digitalfabrication lab,cafe,exhibitspace,andlibrary

Currentlyunderconstruction,expectedopeningdate:January2017.Totalprojectbudget:$52M

UMASSIntegratedBuildingDesignImage:LeersWeinzapfel Associates

CLTPanelsutilizedinfloorsystemswithcompositeconcretetoppingslab

UMASSIntegratedBuildingDesignImage:UMASSBuildingandConstructionTechnology

Brelsford WSUVisitorCenter

Pullman,WA

PhotoCredit:WashingtonStateUniversity

Brelsford WSUVisitorCenterPhotos:WSU&BenjaminBenschneider

4,277sf,1storyvisitorcenter

CLTutilizedforroofpanelswithlarge,expressedoverhangs

CompletedLate2013

CLTBenefits:StructureMass,Thickness&ConstructionSpeed

Brelsford WSUVisitorCenterPhotos:WSU&BenjaminBenschneider

4”CLTroofpanelswere6timeslighterand1/3thinnerthanconcreteroofpanels.Installedfasterasnocuretimeisrequired

WoodInnovationDesignCenterPrinceGeorge,BritishColumbia8 Levels/6 Stories97 feet tallCompleted Fall 2014

Architect:Michael GreenArchitectureStructuralEngineer: Equilibrium Consulting

Contractor:PCLConstructorsWestcoastPhotos:Ema PeterPhotography

University ofNorthernBritish Columbia• AllTimberStructure• CLTFloorsandCoreWalls• Glulam Columns

WoodInnovationDesignCenter

PrinceGeorge,BritishColumbia

Photo:Ema PeterPhotography

FrequentlyAskedQuestions:

1. HowareMEPSystemsaccommodatedwithCLT?.• Routandborethepaneltotaketheelectricalconduit,

plumbingpipesandmechanicalchases.ThiscanbedoneonsitewithtraditionalcarpentrytoolsorinthefactoryusingCNCtechnology,butthelatterwouldrequiremorecoordinationandwouldincreasethecostoftheproduct.

• Furthewallout(fullheightorjustlowerhalf)toaccommodateMEP.ThisislikelytobethemorecommonmethodinNorthAmericabasedonourbuildingpracticesandneedtosatisfysoundinsulationrequirements.

• Runtheconduit,pipesandchasesonthefaceoftheCLTanduseitasanexposedarchitecturalelement.

• Createabuilt-upfloorontopoftheCLTfloordecktoaccommodateMEP

• Createadropceilingtoconceal• TypeIVconstructioncurrentlyrestrictionsconcealedspaces

Forte’,VictoriaHarbor,Melbourne,AustraliaArchitect:LendLease

• Completedin2012• 10stories• ~105ft.tall,>18.6Ksqft.• 3millioninR&D• Poorsoilsrequiredamuch

lighterbuilding

Forte’,VictoriaHarbor,Melbourne,AustraliaArchitect:LendLease

ProductAvailability

• ThreeNorthAmericanproducersofstructuralCLT(2inCanada,1inUS)

• 2-3USCompaniespursuingmanufacturingfacilities

• Non-commoditybasedproduct• Standardizedmanufacturebutcustomfabrication

Howdoyouminimizeproductcosts?

1. Usetheminimum thickness possible1. Floorsareusuallycontrolled byvibrations.2. Fireratingrequirements caneffectthickness ofpanel.

2. Minimizematerial waste1. Keep inmindpress sizesavailable.2. Selection ofsplice typeeffects%waste.3. Openings canbeaccommodated withoutcutting holes inpanels.

3. Minimize factoryCNCwork1. Consider field accommodation techniques forMEP2. Openings canbeaccommodated withoutcutting holes inpanels.

4. Usethestandardproductoptions1. Species2. Finish3. Lay-up

5. Choose therightapplication forCLT.

CLTasanalternatetoConcrete/Masonry

Mid-riseMarketPotential

CLTcostsestimated$30-

$35/sf intoday’smarket

ModelBuildingCodeAcceptance

2015International Building Code

CLTisDefined– 2015IBC

CLTProductStandardization

ANSI/APAPRG320StandardforPerformance RatedCross-Laminated Timber

BuildingCode-ProductStandard

APA/ANSIPRG320• 7stressclasses• Qualityassurancetesting• Identificationmarking

CodeApprovals- ProductReports

ProductReports

StructuralDesignStandardization

National DesignSpecification forWoodConstruction2015Edition

NewChapter10 in2015NDScoveringAdjustmentFactorsforCLT

FormattingSimilartoWoodStructuralPanels

CLTinNDS2015

USCLTHandbook

1. Introduction2. Manufacturing3. Structural4. Lateral5. Connections6. DOLandCreep7. Vibration8. Fire9. Sound

10.Enclosure11.Environmental12.Lifting

SourceofCLTHandbook

www.rethinkwood.com/masstimber

ArchieLandreman(262)672-4746archie@woodworks.org

ProjectAssistancealsoavailableathelp@woodworks.org

Questions?

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