Introducing Cross Laminated Timber - WoodWorks...Benefits of CLT Shaft Walls: • 23 CLT Panels used...
Transcript of Introducing Cross Laminated Timber - WoodWorks...Benefits of CLT Shaft Walls: • 23 CLT Panels used...
IntroducingCross
LaminatedTimber
NewOpportunitiesforTimberConstruction
“TheWoodProductsCouncil”isaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES),Provider#G516.
Credit(s)earnedoncompletionofthiscoursewillbereportedtoAIACESforAIAmembers.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnon-AIAmembersareavailableuponrequest.
ThiscourseisregisteredwithAIACESforcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.________________________________Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.
CourseDescription
Crosslaminatedtimber(CLT)isanengineeredwoodbuildingsystemdesignedtocomplementlight- andheavy-timberframingoptions.Becauseofitshighstrengthanddimensionalstability,itcanbeusedasanalternativetoconcrete,masonryandsteelinmanybuildingtypes.ThispresentationwillintroduceCLTwithaseriesofprojectexamplesthatdemonstrateitsuseandassociatedbenefitsinarangeofapplications.Informationonmanufacturing,specificationandcode-relatedconsiderationswillalsobediscussed.
LearningObjectives
1. ReviewcompletedCLTprojectsthatdemonstratearangeofapplicationsandsystemconfigurations.
2. DiscoverhowCLTcanbeusedundercurrentandfuturebuildingcodesandstandards.
3. DiscussbenefitsofusingCLTinplaceofconcreteandsteel,includingstructuralversatility,prefabrication,lightercarbonfootprintandreducedlaborcosts.
4. DiscussthefirecharacteristicsofCLT,includingthebenefitsofcharring,currentseismicapproachesthatcanbeusedforCLTbuildings,andhowtheacousticandmoistureperformanceofCLTassembliescaninformthedesignofaproject.
Outline
• WhatisCLT?• MassTimber• TheAppeal• History• Availability
• UsingCLT• ProjectExamples• Bestapplications• Costeffectivedesign• BuildingCodesandStandards
Outline
• WhatisCLT?• MassTimber• TheAppeal• History• Availability
• UsingCLT• ProjectExamples• Bestapplications• Costeffectivedesign• BuildingCodesandStandards
NewClassofWoodProducts
MassTimberStructures
• Incorporatingtimberplateelements• Includinglargetimberelementssuchassolidsawn,NLT,
LVL,LSL,glulam,andCLT• Astructuralsystemresistingbothverticalandlateralloads
Thenewheavytimbermovementismotivatedby….• Demandforlowerimpactstructures• ManufacturingTechnology• MaterialTechnology• AdvancesinPre-fabrication• SophisticatedSuppliers
MassTimberFramingOptions
NailLaminated Timber (NLT) GlueLaminated Timber (GLT)
Laminated Veneer Lumber(LVL) CrossLaminated Timber (CLT)
Images Source:Structurecraft
GlulamBeams&Columns
MassTimberBuildingOptions
WhatisCrossLaminatedTimber(CLT)?
41/8”to191/2”
10’X40’8’X64’
• Solidwoodpanel• 3layersmin.ofsolidsawnlams• 90deg.cross-lams• Similar toplywoodsheathing
CLTComposition
StructuralCompositionofCLT
Laminations:(PerPRG320-2012)5/8”to2”thick2.4”- 9.5”wideMachineStressRatedorVisuallyGradedDimensionalLumberor
SCLDriedto12%MoistureContentbeforelayup.AcommonNAthicknessis13/8”(planed2xstock)PRG320providesthicknesstowidthrequirementsoflaminations
StructuralCompositionofCLT
Layers:(PerPRG320-2012)OrientedinorthogonalarrangementOddnumberofsymmetriclayersmostcommonDoubleparallelexteriorlayerspermittedUnbalancedlayuppermittedReferenceglu-lamadhesivestandard(AITC405)
StructuralCompositionofCLT
Panels,alsoknownasBillets.
20inchmaxthicknessinPRG320Upto8ft ormorewidepermanufacturerandshippingUpto40ft ormorelongpermanufacturerandshippingMajoraxis:stronger,stiffer,usuallylongdirectionMinoraxis:lessstrongandstiff,usuallyshortdirection
WhatisCrossLaminatedTimber(CLT)?
PhotoCredit:DRJohnson
CLTFabricationPress
CommonCLTLayups
3-ply3-layer
9-ply9-layer
5-ply5-layer
7-ply7-layer 7-ply5-layer
9-ply7-layer
CLTAdhesives
AdhesivesusedinCLTmustmeetthesamestandardasadhesivesusedinglulam:AITC405-2008StandardforAdhesivesforUseinStructuralGluedLaminatedTimberCLTadhesivesarealsorequiredtobeevaluatedforheatperformanceinaccordancewithDOCPS1.
SeveraltypesofstructuraladhesiveshavebeensuccessfullyusedinCLTproductionincluding:• Phenolictypessuchasphenol-resorcinolformaldehyde
(PRF)• Emulsionpolymerisocyanate (EPI)• One-componentpolyurethane(PUR)
CLT:APrefabricatedMaterial
• Finishedpanelsareplaned,sanded,cuttosize.ThenopeningsarecutwithpreciseCNCrouters.
• Thirdpartyinspectionatfactory.
• Customengineeredformaterialefficiency.
• Customdesignedforproject.• Eachpanelnumbered,
delivered&installedinpredeterminedsequence
HowtouseCLT- Assembly
Images Source:Structuelam
HowtouseCLT- Assembly
Source:USCLTHandbook
HowtouseCLT- Assembly
HowtouseCLT– SingleSpanFloor
Source:Structurlam CLTguide
SAMPLESPANTABLES– CONTACTPANELMANUFACTURER FORACTUAL SPANS
WhatistheappealofCLT?
• EmbodiedCarbonSustainability
Performance
ConstructionEfficiency
ReducedEmbodiedCarbon
Volume of wood used 950m3
Carbon sequesteredand
stored(CO2e) 760metric tons
Avoidedgreenhouse
gases(CO2e) 320metric tons
Total potential carbon
benefit (CO2e) 1,080metric tons
Carbon savingsfromthechoiceofwoodinthis
onebuildingareequivalentto:
1,615passenger vehicles offtheroadforayear
Enough energy to operate ahome for 803 years
Stadhaus,London,UKArchitect:WaughThistleton ArchitectsPhotocredit:WaughThistleton Architects
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• MinimalwasteproductionSustainability
Performance
ConstructionEfficiency
WhatistheappealofCLT?
MinimalWaste
WhyaredesignersdrawntoCLT?
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient
Sustainability
Performance
ConstructionEfficiency
EnergyEfficient
CLThasanR-valueofapproximately1.25perinchofthickness.Source:USCLTHandbook
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient
Sustainability
• DisasterResilientPerformance
ConstructionEfficiency
WhatistheappealofCLT?
DisasterResilient
SeismicRUnderAlternateMeans
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• EnergyEfficient
Sustainability
• DisasterResilient• FireResistantPerformance
ConstructionEfficiency
WhatistheappealofCLT?
FireTestResults
• ASTM E119 Fire Endurance Test
• 5-Ply CLT (6-7/8” thick)• 5/8” Type X GWB each side• 2 hour target• Actual 3 hours 6 minutes
• 2015 NDS Chapter 16 includes char rates for CLT to achieve up to 2 hour fire rating
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient
Sustainability
• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics
Performance
ConstructionEfficiency
WhatistheappealofCLT?
HighPerformingAcoustics
WhyaredesignersdrawntoCLT?
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient
Sustainability
• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility
Performance
ConstructionEfficiency
StructuralFlexibility
PhotoCredit:APA
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient
Sustainability
• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility
Performance
• ~75%lighterthanconcreteConstructionEfficiency
WhatistheappealofCLT?
75%LighterWeightThanConcrete
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient
Sustainability
• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility
Performance
• ~75%lighterthanconcrete• Reducedconstructiontime
ConstructionEfficiency
WhatistheappealofCLT?
ReducedConstructionTime
MurrayGrove,London
UK
• 8storiesofCLTover1storyconcretepodium
• 8 storiesbuiltin27days(~1/2thetimeof
precastconcrete)
FranklinElementary
School,Franklin,WV
• 45,200ft2 2storyelementaryschool
• 8weekstoconstruct
• ReducedEmbodiedCarbon• Minimalwasteproduction• HighlyEnergyEfficient
Sustainability
• DisasterResilient• GoodFireResistance• HighperformingAcoustics• StructuralFlexibility
Performance
• ~75%lighterthanconcrete• Reducedconstructiontime• Pre-fabricatedandPrecise
ConstructionEfficiency
WhatistheappealofCLT?
Pre-fabricatedandPrecise
CLTHistoryTimeline
1990 2000 2005 2010 2015
Significantly
increaseduse
inEurope
• 2010– 1st
Production
• 2011- PRG320
• 2011-Canadian
Handbook
• 2013– US
Handbook
interest
began
.3millionm3
ofbuiltCLT
projects
Recognized
in2015IBC
Austria
industry-
academia joint
research
.6-1million
m3ofbuilt
CLTprojectsEur
ope
Nor
th
Am
eric
a
1stUSCLT
Manufacturer
Outline
• WhatisCLT?• MassTimber• TheAppeal• History• Availability
• UsingCLT• ProjectExamples• Bestapplications• Costeffectivedesign• BuildingCodesandStandards
LongHall,Whitefish,MTDesigner:DarrylByle,JasonHatten
• 1st CommercialCLT“Building”inUS• $145/sqftcompletedprojectcost• Structuralshellcompletein<5days• Saved30%infoundationcosts• Saved6-12%overCMU
PromegaGMPFacility,Fitchburg,WIArchitect:UihleinWilsonArchitects
• Completedin2013• 1st CommercialCLTBuildinginUS
builtwithNorthAmericanCLT• CLTusedonlyintheroof
CooleyLandingEducationCenter
EastPaloAlto,CA
EastPaloAltoCooleyLandingEducationCenterPhotos:Structurlam
3,500sfCLTRoofPanelsGlulamRoofBeams
EastPaloAltoCooleyLandingEducationCenterPhoto:Structurlam
EastPaloAltoCooleyLandingEducationCenterPhoto:Structurlam
NewStanfordHeatRecoveryCenter
Stanford,CA
ImageCredit:ZGFArchitects
StanfordHeatRecoveryCenterPhoto:Structurlam
CLTRoofPanelsusedoverentrance/walkway
Partof125,000sf buildingthatisexpectedtoreducecampuscarbonemissionsby50%andsaveanestimated$300Moverthenext35years
StanfordHeatRecoveryCenterPhoto:Structurlam
ChicagoHorizonPavilion
Chicago,IL
PhotoCredit:TomHarris
ChicagoHorizonPavilionPhotos:TomHarris
56’squarekiosk
2Layersof3-ply,4-1/8”CLTroofpanelsinoppositedirections,eachpanel8’x56’,creating2wayspanningplate
ChicagoHorizonPavilionPhotos:AaronForrest
Totalroofstructurethickness8-1/4”
Spansupto30feetbetweencolumnsatpoints
ChicagoHorizonWonChicagoArchitectureBiennial’s2015LakefrontKioskCompetition
PhotoCredit:TomHarris
WesternOregonUniversity
RichardWoodcockEducationCenter
Monmouth,OR
ImageCredit:WesternOregonUniversityandMahlum Architects
WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterTopPhoto:OregonDept.ofForestryBottomImage:Mahlum Architects
2story,57,000sfOffices,classrooms,andgatheringspaces
CLTutilizedforfloorplatesandbearing/shaftwalls
1st projecttoutilizeUSmanufacturedCLT
$14MConstructionCostEstimate
WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterImages:Mahlum Architects
Projectiscurrentlyunderconstruction,anticipatedcompletionfall2016
WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterImages:AndersenConstruction&DRJohnson
BenefitsofCLTShaftWalls:• 23CLTPanelsusedtoform
twostairwells• EachPanelwas5-ply,6-7/8”
thick,7.5’x24’• Eachpanelweighed3,330lbs
whichisabout20,000lbs lessthanaconcretepanelofthesamesize
Source:AndersenConstruction
WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterImages:AndersenConstruction&DRJohnson
WOURichardWoodcockEducationCenterImage:DRJohnson
OregonZooElephantLands
Portland,OR
PhotoCredit:SRGPartnership
OregonZooElephantLandsTopPhoto:OregonZooBottomPhoto:OregonLive
2,000sf visitorcenter
CLTutilizedforroofpanels
UseofCLTallowedeliminationof20percentofthesteelbeamsoriginallyneededtosupportthe
standardwooddecking
1st OregonCLTproject
ElephantLandsisasmallbutprominentvisitor“hub”buildingattheOregonZoo,comprisingoneedgeofagatewayspacetothenewelephanthabitat.UseofCLTRoofDeckallowed2waycantileversatoverhangs,clean,continuouseavelines
OregonZooElephantLandsImage:OregonZoo
OregonZooElephantLandsPhotos:SRGPartnership,EquilibriumEngineers,OregonZoo
InternationalCommunityHealthServices
ShorelineClinic
Shoreline,WA
PhotoCredit:AndrewPoguePhotography
ICHSShorelineClinicPhotos:ICHS
45,000sf,3storymedicalanddentalservicescenter
CLTutilizedforroofpanelswithlargeexpressedoverhangs
CompletedFall2014
ProjectcurrentlypendingLEEDGoldapprovalLargestCLTprojectinStateofWAattimeofconstructionUseofCLTroofpanelsresultedinscheduleandlaborsavings,withthepanelsbeingsetinamatterofdays
ICHSShorelineClinicPhotos:ICHS
ICHSShorelineClinicPhoto:ICHS
Sauter TimberProductionFacility
Rockwood,TN
PhotoCredit:AndreasSauter,TimClayPhotography
Sauter TimberProductionFacilityPhotos:AndreasSauter,TimClayPhotography
9,000sf Industrialproductionfacility
CLTroofandwallpanels,glulambeam&columnframe
23’tallwalls
$55/sf installedstructurecost
2015WoodDesignAwardWinner
GlulamMomentFrameProvidesFacility’sLateralResistance
Sauter TimberProductionFacilityPhoto:AndreasSauter,TimClayPhotography
RockyMountainInstitute– Basalt,CO
ImageCredit: RockyMountain Institute
RockyMountainInstitute
InnovationCenter
• Location:Basalt,CO• 2stories• 15,600sf• Goal- 100yeardesignlife
ImageCredit: RockyMountain Institute
PhotoCredit:TheAspen Times
EnergyEfficientOfficeDesign
PhotoCredit:StructureLam
• Highenergyefficiencyconstructionwasagoalnotonlybecauseitis“green”butbecauseitjust“makessense”
• TargetingNetZeroEnergy• Cross-laminatedtimberusedforfloorstructureutilizes
beetle-killlumberfromBritishColumbia.• UseofCLTallowedstructuredepthtobeminimized,
allowingnaturaldaylighttopenetratefurtherintobuilding
RedstoneArsenalHotel
Huntsville,AL
ImageCredit:LendLease
RedstoneArsenalHotelPhotos:LendLease&Schaefer
62,600sf,4storyhotel,92privateroomsCLTutilizedforwalls,roofpanels,andfloorpanels
1,557CLTPanels;Typicalfloorpanelis8’x50’&weighs8,000lbs
CompletedLate2015
FranklinElementarySchool
Franklin,WV
45,200sf,2storyschoolCLTutilizedforwalls,roofpanels,andfloorpanels
CLTchosenforitsconstructionschedulebenefits
CompletedJanuary2015PhotoCredit:PamWean,MSESArchitects
PhotoCredit:PamWean,MSESArchitects
IntegratedDesignBuilding
UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,MA
ImageCredit:LeersWeinzapfel Associates
UMASSIntegratedBuildingDesignImages:LeersWeinzapfelAssociates
87,500sf facilitywith:classrooms,lounges,meetingrooms,materials-testinglab,green-buildinglab, woodshop,digitalfabrication lab,cafe,exhibitspace,andlibrary
Currentlyunderconstruction,expectedopeningdate:January2017.Totalprojectbudget:$52M
UMASSIntegratedBuildingDesignImage:LeersWeinzapfel Associates
CLTPanelsutilizedinfloorsystemswithcompositeconcretetoppingslab
UMASSIntegratedBuildingDesignImage:UMASSBuildingandConstructionTechnology
Brelsford WSUVisitorCenter
Pullman,WA
PhotoCredit:WashingtonStateUniversity
Brelsford WSUVisitorCenterPhotos:WSU&BenjaminBenschneider
4,277sf,1storyvisitorcenter
CLTutilizedforroofpanelswithlarge,expressedoverhangs
CompletedLate2013
CLTBenefits:StructureMass,Thickness&ConstructionSpeed
Brelsford WSUVisitorCenterPhotos:WSU&BenjaminBenschneider
4”CLTroofpanelswere6timeslighterand1/3thinnerthanconcreteroofpanels.Installedfasterasnocuretimeisrequired
WoodInnovationDesignCenterPrinceGeorge,BritishColumbia8 Levels/6 Stories97 feet tallCompleted Fall 2014
Architect:Michael GreenArchitectureStructuralEngineer: Equilibrium Consulting
Contractor:PCLConstructorsWestcoastPhotos:Ema PeterPhotography
University ofNorthernBritish Columbia• AllTimberStructure• CLTFloorsandCoreWalls• Glulam Columns
WoodInnovationDesignCenter
PrinceGeorge,BritishColumbia
Photo:Ema PeterPhotography
FrequentlyAskedQuestions:
1. HowareMEPSystemsaccommodatedwithCLT?.• Routandborethepaneltotaketheelectricalconduit,
plumbingpipesandmechanicalchases.ThiscanbedoneonsitewithtraditionalcarpentrytoolsorinthefactoryusingCNCtechnology,butthelatterwouldrequiremorecoordinationandwouldincreasethecostoftheproduct.
• Furthewallout(fullheightorjustlowerhalf)toaccommodateMEP.ThisislikelytobethemorecommonmethodinNorthAmericabasedonourbuildingpracticesandneedtosatisfysoundinsulationrequirements.
• Runtheconduit,pipesandchasesonthefaceoftheCLTanduseitasanexposedarchitecturalelement.
• Createabuilt-upfloorontopoftheCLTfloordecktoaccommodateMEP
• Createadropceilingtoconceal• TypeIVconstructioncurrentlyrestrictionsconcealedspaces
Forte’,VictoriaHarbor,Melbourne,AustraliaArchitect:LendLease
• Completedin2012• 10stories• ~105ft.tall,>18.6Ksqft.• 3millioninR&D• Poorsoilsrequiredamuch
lighterbuilding
Forte’,VictoriaHarbor,Melbourne,AustraliaArchitect:LendLease
ProductAvailability
• ThreeNorthAmericanproducersofstructuralCLT(2inCanada,1inUS)
• 2-3USCompaniespursuingmanufacturingfacilities
• Non-commoditybasedproduct• Standardizedmanufacturebutcustomfabrication
Howdoyouminimizeproductcosts?
1. Usetheminimum thickness possible1. Floorsareusuallycontrolled byvibrations.2. Fireratingrequirements caneffectthickness ofpanel.
2. Minimizematerial waste1. Keep inmindpress sizesavailable.2. Selection ofsplice typeeffects%waste.3. Openings canbeaccommodated withoutcutting holes inpanels.
3. Minimize factoryCNCwork1. Consider field accommodation techniques forMEP2. Openings canbeaccommodated withoutcutting holes inpanels.
4. Usethestandardproductoptions1. Species2. Finish3. Lay-up
5. Choose therightapplication forCLT.
CLTasanalternatetoConcrete/Masonry
Mid-riseMarketPotential
CLTcostsestimated$30-
$35/sf intoday’smarket
ModelBuildingCodeAcceptance
2015International Building Code
CLTisDefined– 2015IBC
CLTProductStandardization
ANSI/APAPRG320StandardforPerformance RatedCross-Laminated Timber
BuildingCode-ProductStandard
APA/ANSIPRG320• 7stressclasses• Qualityassurancetesting• Identificationmarking
CodeApprovals- ProductReports
ProductReports
StructuralDesignStandardization
National DesignSpecification forWoodConstruction2015Edition
NewChapter10 in2015NDScoveringAdjustmentFactorsforCLT
FormattingSimilartoWoodStructuralPanels
CLTinNDS2015
USCLTHandbook
1. Introduction2. Manufacturing3. Structural4. Lateral5. Connections6. DOLandCreep7. Vibration8. Fire9. Sound
10.Enclosure11.Environmental12.Lifting
SourceofCLTHandbook
www.rethinkwood.com/masstimber
ArchieLandreman(262)[email protected]
Questions?
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