Electronics Design

AC vs. DC

• The big advantage that alternating current provides for the power grid is the fact that it is relatively easy to change the voltage of the power, using a device called a transformer. Power companies save a great deal of money this way, using very high voltages to transmit power over long distances.

Voltage ?

Low Pressure

H2O

High Pressure

A Battery

What Produces Voltage? Lab Power Supply

Solar Cell

Nerve Cell

Electric Power Plant

A few millivolts when activated by a synapse

Symbol of Voltage sources

5

+ _

+

_

Battery

~

Time-varying source

Solar Cell

. Generator (power plant)

AC vs. DC

• Did you hear about Current War between Nikola Tesla and Edison

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN9aR2wKv0U

Battery

Power supply

ATX terminal values

What is the inverse of power supply ?

• How to invert the voltage from DC to AC ?

• Why do I need such an inversion ?

Power inverter

Current ?

• Current is the flow of charge from a voltage

source

• 1 Ampere (“Amp”) = Flow of 1 Coulomb/sec

Electrical Element

1) RESISTORS

Resistor in Circuit

Resistor insight

Resistor color code

Symbol of Resistor

4) LED

A light emitting diode is used to test circuit voltage outputs at every stage of the circuitry.

A LED is simply a diode in which energy is released in the form of photons due to electron transition in visible region.

Inductor

Circuit Diagram Symbol

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STDlCdZnIsw

• Video :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYH9dGl4gUE

Capacitor

• They both store energy

• Capacitor stores it in the form of voltage

• Inductor stores it in the form of current

Capacitor VS Inductor

BreadBoard

Breadboard Apart

Breadboard

High current on breadboard

First Practical Circuit

Connection/wiring diagram

Connector

Snap 9v connector Single AA battery holder

Strip Board

Switches

• Industrial Buttons

Push buttons Reed switch

Limit Switch

Thermo Switch

KeyPad

Voltage Regulators

78XX 79XX lm317

LM317

Read Circuit Diagram

Symboles

Symbols

555

Light sensor using LDR

Relay

• Electromechanical Switch

Relay contactor N/O , N/C

Relay in a datasheet

Transistors

• BJT

• Mosfet

• J-Fet

• IGBT

PCB Design

PCB

Etching after Toner

Put components and Solder

Components types

• SMD

• Through holes

SMD

Through hole Parts

Packages

IC

Packages

Footprints

Schematic to PCB

Traces

• Idiom instead of Wires

Pads

What is wrong ?

Jumpers

• Wires on the components side

Jumpers

Programs to Design on

• Fritzing

• Eagle

• Proteus

• KiCAD

• Express PCB

• ORCAD

• Ultisim

• Altium

PCB Manufacturing

• Etching PCB

• Milling PCB ( modela )

• Electrolyte